EVALUATION OF INTRAOPERATIVE PAIN OCCURRENCE AND NEED FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ANESTHESIA DURING EMERGENCY DENTAL CARE

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative pain (IOP) occurrence in situations of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Materials and Methods: Patients who sought emergency care presenting a diagnosis of SIP or SAP were included. IOP was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after five minutes of local anesthesia, during access to the pulp chamber, root canal exploration and at the end of procedures. In cases where pain was reported during treatment, supplementary anesthesia was performed. Pain scores were recorded and analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model with posthoc comparisons. Results: 56 patients were included. 35 had a diagnosis of SIP; and 21 a diagnosis of SAP. Mean preoperative pain scores for SAP and SIP were 6.69 (±1.54) and 6.39 (±1.48), respectively (p>0.05). In patients with SIP, significant differences were observed between: preoperative scores and other time points; scores after five minutes of local anesthesia and other time points; scores during pulp chamber access and at the end of procedures; and scores during root canal exploration and at the end of procedures (p<0.05). In patients with SAP, significant differences were observed between preoperative pain scores with all other time points (p<0.05). Chi-square test indicated an association between diagnosis and the need for supplementary anesthesia (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between reduction of moderate/severe pain after application of local anesthesia. The need for supplemental anesthesia is significantly associated to the diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Periodontitis and osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract The incidences of periodontitis and osteoporosis are rising worldwide. Observational studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to genetically investigate the causality of periodontitis on osteoporosis. We explored the causal effect of periodontitis on osteoporosis by MR analysis. A total of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were related to periodontitis. The primary approach in this MR analysis was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Simple median, weighted median, and penalized weighted median were used to analyze sensitivity. The fixed-effect IVW model and random-effect IVW model showed no significant causal effect of genetically predicted periodontitis on the risk of osteoporosis (OR=1.032; 95%CI: 0.923-1.153; P=0.574; OR=1.032; 95%CI: 0.920-1.158; P=0.588, respectively). Similar results were observed in simple mode (OR=1.031; 95%CI: 0.780-1.361, P=0.835), weighted mode (OR=1.120; 95%CI: 0.944-1.328, P=0.229), simple median (OR=1.003; 95%CI: 0.839-1.197, P=0.977), weighted median (OR=1.078; 95%CI: 0.921-1.262, P=0.346), penalized weight median (OR 1.078; 95%CI: 0.919-1.264, P=0.351), and MR-Egger method (OR=1.360; 95%CI: 0.998-1.853, P=0.092). There was no heterogeneity in the IVW and MR-Egger analyses (Q=7.454, P=0.489 and Q=3.901, P=0.791, respectively). MR-Egger regression revealed no evidence of a pleiotropic influence through genetic variants (intercept: -0.004; P=0.101). The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated no driven influence of any individual SNP on the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis. The Mendelian randomization analysis did not show a significant detrimental effect of periodontitis on the risk of osteoporosis.

Systemic benefits of periodontal therapy in patients with obesity and periodontitis: a systematic review

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the focused question: "What are the benefits of subgingival periodontal therapy on blood hematological and biochemical index, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, quality of life, and periodontal pathogen counts in patients with obesity and periodontitis?". A systematic literature search was performed in six databases: PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane and SCOPUS and other sources, and a manual search was conducted as well. Inclusion criteria were randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, and before-and-after studies on patients with obesity subjected to periodontal therapy. The results were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The certainty of evidence was evaluated following the GRADE approach. Three randomized controlled trials and 15 before-and-after studies were included. Randomized controlled trials were considered to have a low risk of bias, as compared to before-and-after studies assessed as having low, serious, and critical risks of bias. Non-surgical periodontal therapy plus azithromycin, chlorhexidine, and cetylpyridinium chloride reduced blood pressure and decreased serum levels of HbA1c, hsCRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Salivary resistin level also decreased in patients with obesity and periodontitis after therapy and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Before-and-after data suggest an improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, insulin resistance, C3, GCF levels of TNF-α, chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, visfatin, 8-OHdG, and periodontal pathogen counts after therapy.

Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of "non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)" on periodontal and renal parameters in periodontitis patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: The review protocol has been registered in Prospero (CRD42020150938). Up to November 2019, we searched the PUBMED database without language constraints. We included randomized controlled (parallel-group or cross-over) trials with CKD and chronic periodontitis in adults aged 18 years and above. Three review authors independently assessed the studies. Three review writers gathered data and simultaneously assessed the risk of bias for individual trials using traditional Cochrane procedures. Results: Studies showed high variability. Three randomized clinical trials (RCT) were excluded because of high heterogeneity; meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy effectively improves periodontal and renal parameters. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed because of the high heterogeneity among the studies.

The effectiveness of high-power diode laser as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation of deep pockets in a patient with generalized, stage III, grade C periodontitis / Eficácia do laser de diodo de alta potência como coadjuvante à instrumentação mecânica de bolsa profunda em paciente com periodontite estádio III, grau C e generalizada

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is an inflammatory clinical condition caused by dysbiotic biofilm that results in progressive destruction of periodontal attachment and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-power diode laser as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in periodontal pockets of a patient with generalized, stage III, grade C periodontitis. Methods: 126 sites of a patient were examined at the Clinical Research Laboratory (LabClin) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), where the parameters of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 3 and 6 months of basic therapy. All sites received non-surgical periodontal treatment which corresponds to scaling and root planing (SRP) and coronary polishing. The deep periodontal pockets with PD ≥ 5 mm, received the adjuvant therapy with diode laser light. Results: There was a significant improvement of periodontal parameters of PD, CAL and BoP in all treated sites. In those with PD ≥ 5 mm, the results were similar, with statistically significant reduction of PD, CAL and BoP before and after treatment. After 6 months, all periodontal pockets with PD ≥ 5mm were reduced to values lower than 3. Conclusion: The irradiation of deep pockets with high-power diode laser proved to be effective as adjuvant therapy to SRP in patients with generalized, stage III, degree C periodontitis.

RESUMO A periodontite é uma condição clínica inflamatória causada por biofilme disbiótico que resulta em destruição progressiva da inserção periodontal e pode levar a perda do dente caso não seja tratada. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia clínica do laser de diodo de alta potência como coadjuvante à instrumentação mecânica em bolsas periodontais de um paciente com periodontite, estádio III, grau C e generalizada. Métodos: Foram examinados 126 sítios de uma paciente, no Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LabClin) da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) onde foram avaliados os parâmetros de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e sangramento à sondagem (SS) no início do estudo e após 3 e 6 meses da terapia básica. Todos os sítios receberam tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico o que corresponde a raspagem e alisamento coronorradicular (RACR) e polimento coronário. As bolsas periodontais profundas com PS ≥ 5 mm, receberam a terapia coadjuvante com luz laser de diodo. Resultados: Houve uma melhora significativa dos parâmetros periodontais de PS, NIC e SS em todos os sítios tratados. Nos que apresentavam PS ≥ 5 mm, os resultados foram similares, com redução estatisticamente significativa PS, PIC e SS antes e após a realização do tratamento. Após 6 meses, todas as bolsas periodontais com PS ≥ 5mm foram reduzidas a valores menores que 3. Conclusão: A irradiação de bolsas profundas, com laser de diodo de alta potência, mostrou-se eficaz como terapia coadjuvante à RACR em paciente com periodontite estádio III, grau C, generalizada.

The impact of traditional smokers versus electronic cigarette smokers on periodontal parameters in iraqi males / O impacto do uso de cigarros tradicionais versus uso de cigarros eletrônicos nos parâmetros periodontais em homens iraquianos

Objective: To compare the effects of vaping and cigarette smoking and indicate their impact on periodontal health. Material and Methods: A total of 90 subjects divided into three groups. Group I: 30 Traditional cigarettes smoker who have smoked up to 10 cigarettes, Group II: 30 electronic cigarettes subjects who have been using vape at least one year and never smoke, and Group III: 30 subjects who have no smoking history. Using a mirror and a periodontal probe, periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss) were used to evaluate periodontal health. Results: The findings showed that the periodontal parameters had a highly significant differences at P ≤ 0.01 between traditional and electronic smoking groups. While clinical attachment loss demonstrated non-significant difference P ≥ 0.05 in comparison between electronic cigarettes and the group who never smoke. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that traditional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes both had unfavorable impact on periodontal health status, never the less quit smoking showed positive impacts on periodontal parameters (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo foi comparar os efeitos do uso do cigarro eletrônico e do cigarro convencional, indicando seus impactos na saúde bucal. Material e Método: 90 indivíduos foram divididos igualmente em três grupos: Grupo I, usuários de cigarro convencional que fumaram até 10 cigarros por dia; Grupo II: usuários de cigarro eletrônico que utilizam este por pelo menos há 1 ano e não fumavam antes disso; Grupo III: usuários sem qualquer história de hábitos tabagistas. Utilizando um espelho bucal e uma sonda periodontal, parâmetros periodontais (índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção clínica) foram coletados para avaliar a saúde periodontal. Resultados: As evidências mostraram que os parâmetros periodontais apresentaram diferença significativa (P ≤ 0.01) entre os grupos I e II. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que tanto o uso de cigarro convencional como o de cigarro eletrônico possuem impactos desfavoráveis na saúde periodontal, e que a cessação do uso destes mostraram impactos positivos nos parâmetros periodontais(AU)

Efectos de inducción recíproca entre periodontitis e hiposalivación: revisión de la literatura / Reciprocal induction effects between periodontitis and hyposalivation: a review of the literature

Muchas investigaciones se han ocupado de evaluar la vinculación entre las afecciones bucales y otras funciones o afecciones del organismo. Algunos de esos estudios han sentado precedentes acerca de la influencia mutua que puede existir entre la fun-cionalidad de las glándulas salivales y la enfermedad periodontal, y cómo la presencia de una condición puede modificar la evolución o inducir la aparición de la otra. El objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones cientí-ficas que evalúan los efectos de inducción recíproca que existe entre la enfermedad periodontal y la hi-posalivación. Trabajos de nuestro grupo y de otros autores demuestran que la hiposalivación reduce la capacidad del organismo para defenderse contra las bacterias patógenas, mantener un ambiente sa-ludable y facilitar la cicatrización en la cavidad bu-cal, promoviendo los procesos de inflamación y daño tisular gingivoperiodontal. A su vez, varios estudios reportan que la enfermedad periodontal induce cam-bios en las glándulas salivales y altera el volumen de secreción salival. Por su parte, el sistema endo-cannabinoide (SEC) muestra estar involucrado tanto en el proceso de secreción salival como en la infla-mación y la reabsorción ósea presentes en la enfer-medad periodontal, en tanto que la activación de los mecanismos del SEC emerge como una de las vías a través de las cuales se desarrollaría el fenómeno de inducción recíproca (AU)

Many investigations have focused on evaluating the link between oral conditions and other functions or conditions of the body. Some of these studies have set precedents about the mutual influence that may exist between the functionality of the salivary glands and periodontal disease, and how the presence of one condition can modify the evolution or induce the appearance of the other. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliographic review of scientific publications that evaluate the reciprocal induction effects that exist between periodontal disease and hyposalivation. Studies by our group and other authors show that hyposalivation reduces the capacity of the organism to defend itself against pathogenic bacteria, maintain a healthy environment and facilitate healing in the oral cavity, promoting inflammation and gingivoperiodontal tissue damage. In turn, several studies report that periodontal disease induces changes in the salivary glands and alters the volume of salivary secretion. In turn, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is shown to be involved in the salivary secretion process as well as in the inflammation and bone resorption present in periodontal disease, while the activation of ECS mechanisms emerges as one of the pathways through which the reciprocal induction phenomenon would develop (AU)

Gastric adenocarcinoma and periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its association with Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GAC). Methods The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between PD and GAC. Six electronic databases were evaluated between 1961 and 2022. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently according to the eligibility criteria, assessing full texts of selected studies. The quality of the included research was verified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control and cohort studies. Statistical analyses were performed based on fixed and/or random effects models to calculate the summarized Relative Risk (RR) and its 95 % Confidence Interval (95 % CI). Results There were 639 studies, of which nine articles were included (3 case-controls and 6 cohorts). Overall, the authors identified 1,253 cases of GAC 2,501 controls in case-control studies, and 1,631 patients with GAC enrolled in cohort studies. Patients presenting PD increased the risk of developing GAC by 17 % (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.03‒1.32), which remained regardless of the diagnostic method for PD, i.e., clinical examination (RR = 1.19; 95 % CI 1.14‒1.24) and self-report (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI 1.06‒1.69). Moreover, Asian patients (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.00‒1.36) with PD had a higher risk of having GAC than American and European patients (RR = 1.18; 95 % CI 0.84‒1.66). Conclusions The presence of PD the risk of GAC suggesting that its infectious-inflammatory process of PD may be related to GAC development. Further investigations on the oral-gastric microbiota and its role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer should be carried out, and the screening of patients with potential risk for GAC should be considered in the clinical practice of dentists.

Preventive effects of systemic Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. administration on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress in rats with experimental periodontitis

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic administration of P. eurycarpa Yalt. plant extract on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress biomarkers in gingival tissue in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Methodology: 32 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into four groups (n=8): Healthy control (HC), Experimental periodontitis control (EPC), Experimental periodontitis 400 mg/kg (EP400), Experimental periodontitis 800 mg/kg (EP800). Experimental periodontitis was induced using the ligating method. Distilled water was administered to the HC and EPC groups and the plant extract was administered to the EP400 and EP800 groups by oral gavage at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. The values of glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismustase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in the gingival tissues were analyzed by ELISA tests. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT images of the maxilla. Results: Although the IL-1β, TOS, OSI results of the healthy control group were lower than those of the other groups, the TAS values were higher (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the biochemical parameters among the EPC, EP400, and EP800 groups (p>0.05). Alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced in the extract groups compared to the EPC group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the systemic P. eurycarpa extract application reduced alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the beneficial effects of P. eurycarpa.

Molecular detection of IL-10 level to determine severity of periodontitis in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients / Detecção molecular do nível de IL-10 para determinar a gravidade da periodontite em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Objective: The prevalence of periodontal disease is increasing in most countries including developing and developed countries. It affects 20-50-% of the global population. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with severe periodontal disease had a 3.2 times higher risk of death than individuals without periodontitis. Periodontitis contributes to small-scale systemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the severity of periodontitis using IL-10 (Interleukin-10) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional. All methods were performed following the guidelines and regulations of the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The samples were 90 subjects. The instruments used were questionnaires, periodontal status measurements based on Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and random blood glucose measurements. Data on the IL-10 level was obtained using Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Results: There was a significant difference in lifestyle in each group. The highest IL-10 level was found in the periodontitis group, followed by the periodontitis with the type 2 DM group. Conclusion: The level of IL-10 can be used to determine periodontitis severity in type 2 DM. Most respondents with the highest level of IL-10 were found in periodontitis followed by periodontitis with type 2 DM group. High levels of IL-10 will decrease the synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), activation of macrophages, and Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) (AU)

Objetivo: A prevalência da doença periodontal tem aumentado na maioria dos países, incluindo países em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos, Afetando 20-50% da população global. Pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM) com doença periodontal grave apresentaram risco 3,2 vezes maior de morte do que indivíduos sem periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a gravidade da periodontite utilizando o nível de IL-10 (Interleucina-10) no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo transversalfoi realizadoseguindo as orientações e regulamentos do Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universitas Airlangga. Noventa participantes,responderam um questionário e foram examinados , para o estado periodontal, baseadas no Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC) e medidas aleatórias de glicemia. Os dados do nível de IL-10 foram obtidos utilizando Fluido Crevicular Gengival (GCF). Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa no estilo de vida em cada grupo. O nível mais alto de IL-10 foi encontrado no grupo com periodontite, seguido pela periodontite com o grupo DM tipo 2. Conclusão: O nível de IL-10 pode ser utilizado para determinar a gravidade da periodontite no DM tipo 2. A maioria dos participantes com maior nível de IL-10 estava no grupo periodontite seguida de periodontite com DM tipo 2. Altos níveis de IL-10 diminuiem a síntese do Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa (TNF-α), Interleucina-1 (IL-1), Interleucina-6 (IL-6), ativação de macrófagos e neutrófilos polimorfonucleares (PMN) (AU)

Two-year follow-up of the outcomes of endoscope-assisted minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy for deep intrabony defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy and imaging changes of minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy (MINST) assisted by endoscopy for deep intrabony defects and to compare its effectiveness with that of traditional scaling and root planning (SRP) to therefore provide a reference for clinical periodontal treatment.@*Methods@#Patients with deep intrabony defects ≥ 4 mm in size were selected and divided into two groups: the MINST (MINST, 20 cases, 81 sites) group and the classic scaling and root planing (SRP, 20 cases, 80 sites) group. Before treatment and 12 and 24 months after treatment, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Moreover, changes in the depth and angle of the intrabony defects were analyzed. Follow-up examination and maintenance treatment should be conducted every 3 months for 12 months after the initial treatment and every 6 months thereafter until 24 months.@*Results@#The PD and CAL of patients in both groups continued to decrease (P<0.001), and imaging examinations revealed a decrease in defect depth and an increase in intrabony defect angle (P<0.001). The changes in the first 12 months were significantly greater than those in the last 12 months in both groups (P<0.001). The decreases in PD, CAL, and depth of intrabony defects and increase in angle in the MINST group were significantly greater than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). At 12 and 24 months after treatment, the PD and CAL in the MINST group were lower than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). The defect height of the MINST group decreased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001), and the defect angle of the MINST group increased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy can significantly promote the healing of deep intrabony defects and the regeneration of alveolar bone. Imaging reflects that alveolar bone healing is rapid at first and then slows. Compared with traditional SRP, endoscopically assisted MINST can yield better clinical indicators and imaging changes in intrabony defects.

Clinical study of polyetheretherketone resin-bonded bridge for restoring anterior missing teeth in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the clinical effect of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bonding bridge on the loss of 3 internal incisors in patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Thirty-eight patients with periodontitis and 3 missing central or lateral teeth were selected to undergo restoration with a PEEK bonding bridge and then returned to the hospital 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the restoration was completed. The survival rate of the restorations was assessed by the modified USPHS/Ryge criteria. The plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and attachment loss of the abutments were recorded, and the changes in periodontal tissues after restoration were observed and compared.@*Results@#Over 24 months of clinical follow-up observation of 38 patients, only 1 patient underwent secondary bonding after partial debonding (evaluated as grade B), while bonding was successful in the other 37 cases (evaluated as grade A). The plaque index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth were significantly lower after restoration than before (P<0.05). There was no significant change in attachment loss between before and after restoration (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For periodontitis patients missing 3 internal incisors, short-term PEEK bonding bridge repair has good clinical efficacy.

Application status of risk assessment models for periodontal disease / 口腔疾病防治

@#Risk assessment models for periodontal disease provide dentists with a precise and consolidated evaluation of the prognosis of periodontitis, enabling the formulation of personalized treatment plans. Periodontal risk assessment systems have been widely applied in clinical practice and research. The application fields of periodontal risk assessment systems vary based on the distinctions between clinical periodontal parameters and risk factors. The assessment models listed below are commonly used in clinical practice, including the periodontal risk calculator (PRC), which is an individual-based periodontal risk assessment tool that collects both periodontal and systemic information for prediction; the periodontal assessment tool (PAT), which allows for quantitative differentiation of stages of periodontal disease; the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) and modified periodontal risk assessment (mPRA), which are easy to use; and the classification and regression trees (CART), which assess the periodontal prognosis based on a single affected tooth. Additionally, there are orthodontic-periodontal combined risk assessment systems and implant periapical risk assessment systems tailored for patients needing multidisciplinary treatment. This review focuses on the current application status of periodontal risk assessment systems.

Bidirectional casual effects between periodontitis and Sjögren's syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the bidirectional association between periodontitis and Sjögren's syndrome using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.@*Methods@#Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of periodontitis (N = 45 563) and Sjögren's syndrome (N = 214 435) were selected to meet the requirements of the same ethnicity and different regions. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) tests were used to evaluate the causal effect. Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis were used as sensitivity analyses to assess the stability and reliability of the results.@*Results@#After screening, the GWAS data of Sjögren's syndrome were based on the Finnish region, and the periodontitis GWAS data were based on the UK region, both of which originated from European ancestry. Using IVW (OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.956-1.082), MR-Egger (OR = 0.985, 95% CI= 0.956-1.082), and WM (OR =1.021, 95% CI = 0.948-1.099), no causal effect of Sjögren's syndrome on periodontitis was found using any of the three methods. Conversely, no causal effect of periodontitis on Sjögren's syndrome was found (IVW, OR = 1.024, 95% CI = 0.852-1.230; MR-Egger, OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.789-1.212; WM, OR = 1.024, 95% CI = 0.846-1.260). The sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were stable and reliable. Cochran's Q test and MR-PRESSO revealed that there was no significant heterogeneity among the instrumental variables, which included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The intercept of MR-Egger regression indicated no pleiotropy in the included SNPs. No individual SNP was found that significantly affected the results using the leave-one-out method.@*Conclusion@#This study does not support a bidirectional causal effect between periodontitis and Sjögren's syndrome.

Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Clinical efficacy of periodontal endoscopy-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning and its effect on psychology and quality of life in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects of periodontal endoscope (PE)-assisted subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) and traditional SRP on the psychological and quality of life of patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Patients with periodontitis who were treated in the Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from April 2018 to December 2022 with residual periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) 6 weeks after traditional SRP treatment were enrolled, and the residual periodontal pockets were further treated with PE-assisted SRP (PE+SRP). After 6 weeks of traditional SRP treatment and 3 months of PE+SRP treatment, clinical indicators, including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and periodontal tissue self-awareness scale scores, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) score and dental fear scale (DFS) score were collected. Moreover, visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected after traditional SRP and PE-assisted SRP treatments.@*Results@#Twenty-three patients with periodontitis, including 832 sites of 486 affected teeth, were included in the clinical study. Three months after PE+SRP treatment, all clinical periodontal indicators, PLI (t = 9.254, P<0.001), PD (t = 50.724, P<0.001), CAL (t = 22.407, P<0.001) and BOP (t = 9.217, P<0.001), were significantly improved. Compared with traditional SRP (VAS: 2.48 ± 1.70), the pain caused by PE+SRP (VAS: 2.57±1.80) was not significantly different (t = 0,192, P = 0.850). There was no significant difference in the scores of the periodontal tissue self-awareness scale between the two groups (t = 1.485, P = 0.152). The OHIP-14 (SRP: 12.13±7.63; PE+SRP: 10.26 ± 5.25, t = -1.589, P = 0.126) and DFS (SRP: 40.70 ± 12.63; SRP+PE: 41.57 ± 12.61, t = 0.404, P = 0.690) scores were not significantly different.@*Conclusion@#All clinical periodontal indicators were significantly improved after PE-assisted SRP treatment of residual periodontal pockets, and compared with traditional SRP, PE-assisted SRP had no negative impact on the quality of life or psychological status of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, PE+SRP can be promoted in clinical practice.

MobileNetV3 network-based diagnosis of caries and periapical periodontitis from periapical films / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To research the effectiveness of deep learning techniques in intelligently diagnosing dental caries and periapical periodontitis and to explore the preliminary application value of deep learning in the diagnosis of oral diseases@*Methods@#A dataset containing 2 298 periapical films, including healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis, was used for the study. The dataset was randomly divided into 1 573 training images, 233 validation images, and 492 test images. By comparing various neural network models, the MobileNetV3 network model with better performance was selected for dental disease diagnosis, and the model was optimized by tuning the network hyperparameters. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the model's ability to recognize dental caries and periapical periodontitis. Class activation map was used to visualization analyze the performance of the network model@*Results@#The algorithm achieved a relatively ideal intelligent diagnostic effect with precision, recall, and accuracy of 99.42%, 99.73%, and 99.60%, respectively, and the F1 score was 99.57% for classifying healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis. The visualization of the class activation maps also showed that the network model can accurately extract features of dental diseases.@*Conclusion@#The tooth lesion detection algorithm based on the MobileNetV3 network model can eliminate interference from image quality and human factors and has high diagnostic accuracy, which can meet the needs of dental medicine teaching and clinical applications.

O uso de probióticos como adjunto no tratamento da periodontite: revisão literatura / The use of probiotics as adjunct in the treatment of periodontitis: revisão literatura

A periodontite é definida como uma doença inflamatória crônica de natureza multifatorial associada com biofilme disbiótico. O tratamento padrão para periodontite é a Raspagem e Alisamento Radicular (RAR), no entanto quando há a presença de bolsas profundas, áreas com dificuldades de inacessibilidade como lesão de furca ou perfil microbiológico especifico, pode ser necessário a prescrição de métodos auxiliares como a antibioticoterapia. No entanto o uso de antibióticos pode causar efeitos indesejáveis. Diante disso, ao longo dos últimos anos vem crescendo o interesse de estudos sobre o uso de probióticos no tratamento da periodontite, uma vez que estes são microrganismos vivos, ou seja, que quando ingeridas corretamente são benéficas à saúde. Diante disso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura quanto ao uso de probióticos como adjuvante no tratamento da periodontite, onde foram avaliados diversos artigos científicos. Foi observado que o uso de probióticos como adjuvantes no tratamento periodontal é benéfico, no entanto, há a necessidade de realização de mais estudos para averiguação da eficiência do mesmo, assim como a necessidade deste uso ser mais conhecido pelos Cirurgiões dentistas(AU)

Periodontitis can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of a multifactorial nature associated with a dysbiotic biofilm. The standard treatment for periodontitis is Scaling and Root Planing (RAR, in Portuguese), however when there is the presence of deep pockets, areas with inaccessibility difficulties such as furcation lesion or specific microbiological profile, it can be necessary to prescribe auxiliary methods such as antibiotic therapy. However, the use of antibiotics can cause undesirable effects. In view of this, over the last few years, interest in studies on the use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis has been growing, since these are live microorganisms, that is, when ingested correctly they are beneficial to health. Therefore, the present article aimed to carry out a literature review regarding the use of probiotics as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis, where several scientific articles were analyzed. It was observed that the use of probiotics as adjuvants in periodontal treatment is beneficial, however, there is a need to carry out more studies to investigate if it's really efficient, as well the dentists needs to be known about the right use(AU)

Uso de L-PRF en defectos infraóseos de pacientes con estadios avanzados de periodontitis / Use of L-PRF in intrabone defects in patients with advanced stages of periodontitis

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue observar el efecto del uso de L-PRF en defectos infraoseos de pacientes con periodontitis en estadios avanzados. Métodos: Se incluyeron 32 defectos infraoseos de 12 pacientes con diagnóstico de Periodontitis estadio III y IV (Workshop 2018). Se realizó raspaje a campo abierto con colocación de membrana de L-PRF. Se incluyeron defectos infraóseos de 1-2-3 paredes y cráter óseo. Se registró la profundidad de sondaje (PS), nivel de inserción clínica (NIC), índice de placa (IP) e índice de sangrado (IS). Se realizaron radiografías periapicale digitales antes de la cirugía y al cuarto mes para observar el llenado óseo. Resultados: De los 32 defectos el 75 % mostró disminución de la profundidad de sondaje (PS) y el 66 % mejoro el nivel de inserción clínica (NIC). Se realizó un análisis de correlación pre y posquirúrgico en PS: MV (p = 0,02), MP/L (p = 0,00), DP/L (p = 0,00) y V (p =0,00). El porcentaje de llenado óseo fue de 62,96 % (DS± 3,88). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los defectos infraóseos mostraron radiográficamente llenado óseo parcial o total con el uso de membranas L-PRF. Además, se mejoraron los parámetros clínicos de profundidad de sondaje y nivel de inserción clínica.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of L-PRF (Leuko- cyte-Platelet Rich Fibrin) usage in intraosseous defects in patients with advanced-stages of periodontitis. Methods: Thirty-two intraosseous defects in 12 patients diagnosed with stage III and IV periodontitis (Workshop 2018) were included in the study. Open flap debridement was performed with the placement of L-PRF membranes. Included defects consisted of 1-2-3 wall defects and osseous craters. Parameters such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Digital periapical radiographs were taken before surgery and at the fourth month to assess bone fill. Results: Out of the 32 defects, 75% showed a reduction in probing depth (PD), and 66% showed improvement in clinical attachment level (CAL). Pre- and post-surgical correlation analysis was performed for PD: MV (p = 0.02), PI/L (p = 0.00), BI/L (p = 0.00), and CAL (p = 0.00). The percentage of bone fill was 62.96% (±3.88 SD). Conclusion: The majority of intraosseous defects exhibited partial or complete radiographic bone fill with the use of L-PRF membranes. Furthermore, clinical parameters such as probing depth and clinical attachment level improved.

Efecto del tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico e hidroxocobalamina sobre la microarquitectura ósea en ratones con periodontitis y osteoporosis inducida: Estudio preclínico / Effect of zoledronic acid and hydroxocobalamin treatment on bone microarchitecture in mice with induced periodontitis and osteoporosis: preclinical study

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico e hidroxocobalamina sobre la microarquitectura ósea alveolar en ratones con periodontitis y osteoporosis inducidas. Métodos. Diseño experimental en fase preclínica. Se incluyeron 16 ratones hembras a quienes se les indujo osteoporosis mediante la ovariectomía total y también se indujo la periodontitis por inflamación por ligadura de seda negra 5/0 en el segundo molar maxilar, todos los protocolos fueron sometidos durante anestesia general. Los ratones se distribuyeron en 4 grupos: control, tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico, tratamiento con hidroxocobalamina y tratamiento combinado. A las 16 semanas, se realizó la autanasia, se realizó la disección para la evaluación mediante microtomografía; determinando la densidad mineral ósea (BMD), el volumen de hueso (BV/TV), espesor trabecular (Tb. Th), número de trabéculas (Tb.N), separación trabecular (Tb.Sp); se realizó el análisis descriptivo y bivariado mediante ANOVA de 1 vía considerando un 95% de nivel de confianza. Resultados. El grupo que recibió tratamiento combinado de ácido zoledrónico e hidroxocobalamina presentó mayor densidad mineral ósea (DMO), mayor volumen óseo (BV/TV) y menor separación trabecular (Tb.Sp) en comparación con el grupo de control (p<0,05). Conclusiones. El tratamiento combinado de ácido zoledrónico e hidroxocobalamina mejora las características microarquitectónicas óseas en ratones con osteoporosis y periodontitis inducidas.

Objective. Evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid and hydroxocobalamin treatment on alveolar bone microarchitecture in mice with induced periodontitis and osteoporosis. Methods. Experimental design in preclinical phase. Sixteen female mice were included in which osteoporosis was induced by total ovariectomy and periodontitis was also induced by inflammation by 5/0 black silk ligation of the maxillary second molar, all protocols were performed under general anesthesia. The mice were distributed into 4 groups: control, treatment with zoledronic acid, treatment with hydroxocobalamin and combined treatment. At 16 weeks, euthanasia was performed, dissection was performed for evaluation by microtomography; determining bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp); descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. Results. The group that received combined treatment of zoledronic acid and hydroxocobalamin presented higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher bone volume (BV/TV) and lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Combined treatment with zoledronic acid and hydroxocobalamin improves bone microarchitectural features in mice with induced osteoporosis and periodontitis.