Legal Theories, Disability Models and Principles of Disability Assessment / 法医学杂志

In the personal injury compensation system, the protection and relief of the injured people's rights to life, rights to health, and body rights are generally based on the results of disability assessment. Over the years, with the increased number of personal injury compensation cases, the practice of disability assessment have been greatly developed, and the development of disability assessment standards tends to be mature. However, the lack of basic theories for disability assessment has seriously affected the construction and unification of standards. Starting from the tort legal system of personal injury compensation, this article systematically analyzes the legal theories of disability assessment, and holds that the loss of labor ability is the legal basis for disability assessment in China, and the essence of disability assessment should be understood as the quantitative assessment of an individual's permanent loss of labor ability. This article combines the international disability assessment models and the primary concepts of American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment to refine the basic concepts of disability assessment in China, such as impairment, disability, handicap, disabled people and self-care ability, etc. At the same time, it sorts out the critical issues of identification time, promotion principles and compound calculation of multiple injuries in disability assessment. It is expected to be beneficial to the theory and practice of disability assessment in personal injury compensation.

Crimen y fútbol: caso del fútbol profesional colombiano (2010-2016) / Crime and football: case of Colombian professional football (2010-2016) / Crime e soccer: caso do soccer profissional Colombian (2010-2016)

Resumen Este trabajo investiga mediante la metodología de regresión binomial negativa de ceros inflados con efectos fijos la relación entre los partidos de fútbol de la liga profesional colombiana y el número de lesiones personales, hurtos y homicidios (en un intervalo de ocho horas) presentados en veinte (20) ciudades de Colombia durante los años 2010-2016. Los resultados no evidencian una relación sistemática entre los partidos de fútbol y los delitos mencionados (es decir, aumentos o disminuciones de los delitos en una ciudad por el hecho de ser sede de un partido de fútbol o ser la ciudad del equipo visitante). Lo que sí evidencian es que hay aumentos en las lesiones personales y hurtos a personas a medida que aumenta la asistencia al estadio. La asistencia no parece tener efecto sobre los homicidios. No obstante lo anterior, los aumentos de lesiones personales y hurtos a personas no parecen ser económicamente significativos para el periodo de ocho horas dentro del cual se jugó el partido ni a nivel agregado anual para las veinte ciudades.

Abstract This paper investigates throgh the methodology of negative zero inflated with effects binomial regression relationship between Colombian profesional football games league and the number of personal injury, theft and homicide (in an interval of eight hours) presented in twenty (20) cities in Colombia during the years 2010 - 2016. The results do not show a systematic relationship between football matches and the aforementioned crimes (that means, increase or decrease in crimes in a city due to the fact of hosting a football match or being the city of the visiting team). What they do show, is that there are increases in personal injuries and theft of people as stadium attendane increases. Notwithstanding the foregoing, increases in personal injury and theft form people do not appear to be economically significant for the eigth - hour period within which the game was played nor annual at an aggregate level for the twenty cities.

Resumo Este trabalho investiga mediante a metodologia de regressão binomial negativa de zeros inflacionados com efeitos fixos a relação entre os partidos de futebol da liga profissional colombiana e o número de lesões coporais, furtos e homicídios (num intervalo de oito horas) apresentados em vinte (20) cidades da Colômbia durante os anos 2010- 2016. Los resultados no evidenciam uma relação sistemática entre os partidos de futebol e os delitos mencionados (isto é, aumentos ou diminuições dos delitos numa cidade pelo fato de ser sede de uma partida de futebol ou ser a cidade da equipe visitante). O que sim evidenciam é que há aumentos nas lesões corporais e furtos a pessoas a medida que aumenta a assistência ao estádio. A assistência no pareceter efeito sobre os homicídios. Não obstante o que precede, os aumentos de lesões corporais e furtos a pessoas não parecem ser económicamente significativos para o período de oito horas dentro do qual se jogou a partida nem a nível agregado anual para as vinte cidades.

Risco do uso do formol na estética capilar riesgo del uso del formol en la estética capilar / Risk of the use of formol in hair aesthetics

Resumo:Buscou-se determinar a apresentação nos meios de comunicação dos riscos do uso de formol na estética capilar por meio de notícias de lesões corporais e morte; reconhecer a percepção de profissionais cabeleireiros da cidade de Petrópolis- RJ, Brasil, sobre esses riscos e evidenciar a presença da substância em cosméticos. Para tanto, analisaram-se matérias jornalísticas, divulgadas após 2007, relacionadas a casos reais de exposição ao formol. Realizou-se também inquérito com 12 profissionais cabeleireiros, buscando determinar o conhecimento sobre a presença ou adição de formol em produtos alisantes e dos riscos à saúde ocasionados pelo uso da substância, além da relação que faziam entre o formol e ocorrências clínicas neles próprios ou em seus clientes. Na ocasião, foram solicitadas amostras de produtos para a determinação qualitativa do formol. Das 12 amostras analisadas, 9 (75%) apresentaram teor de formol superior a 0,01%. Reconheceu-se que apesar da regulamentação e de algum conhecimento dos cabeleireiros sobre os riscos, o uso do formol em alisantes continua. Foi possível detectar a substância nos produtos examinados. Entretanto, diminuíram as reportagens sobre casos de intoxicação aguda por formol na estética capilar.

Resumen:Se buscó determinar la presentación en los medios de comunicación de los riesgos del uso de formol en la estética capilar por medio de noticias de lesiones corporales y muerte; Reconocer la percepción de profesionales peluqueros de la ciudad de Petrópolis-RJ, Brasil, sobre esos riesgos y evidenciar la presencia de la sustancia en cosméticos. Para ello, se analizaron materias periodísticas, divulgadas después de 2007, relacionadas a casos reales de exposición al formol. Se realizaron también encuestas con 12 profesionales peluqueros, buscando determinar el conocimiento sobre la presencia o adición de formol en productos alisantes y de los riesgos a la salud ocasionados por el uso de la sustancia, además de la relación que hacían entre el formol y ocurrencias clínicas en ellos mismos o en Sus clientes. En la ocasión, se solicitaron muestras de productos para la determinación cualitativa del formol. De las 12 muestras analizadas, 9 (75%) presentaron un contenido de formol superior al 0,01%. Se reconoció que a pesar de la reglamentación y de algún conocimiento de los peluqueros sobre los riesgos, el uso del formol en alisantes continúa. Es posible detectar la sustancia en los productos examinados. Sin embargo, disminuyeron los reportajes sobre casos de intoxicación aguda por formol en la estética capilar.

Abstract:It was sought to determine the media presentation of risks formaldehyde used in hair aesthetics, by the news about personal injury and death; recognize the perception of hairdressing professionals in Petrópolis-RJ, Brazil, on these risks and highlight the presence of the substance in cosmetics. Therefore, it was analyzed newspaper articles, published after 2007, related to real cases of exposure to formaldehyde. It was also conducted survey of 12 professional hairdressers and to determine the knowledge of the presence or addition of formaldehyde in hair straighteners products and the health risks caused by the use of the substance and the relation that were between formaldehyde and clinical events in themselves or its customers. At the time, product samples were requested for the qualitative determination of formaldehyde. In the 12 samples, 9 (75%) had concentration greater than 0.01% formaldehyde. It was recognized that despite the regulation and some knowledge of hairdressers about the risks, the use of formaldehyde in hair straighteners continues. It was possible to detect the substance in the products examined.However, it were decreased the reports of cases of acute formaldehyde toxication in hair aesthetics.

Importancia de la estabilidad lesional en la valoración del daño corporal / Importance of lesion stability in assessment of personal injury damages

La evaluación clínica y funcional de las secuelas de lesiones traumáticas tiene importantes repercusiones en los distintos órdenes judiciales. Con el aumento de la prevalencia de situaciones asociadas a lesiones corporales, de las limitaciones físicas y de los costos sociales, físicos y económicos concomitantes, es cada vez más relevante examinar la idoneidad y la integridad de la conceptualización médica asociada a la valoración del daño. Con el objetivo de identificar la relevancia de la estabilidad lesional en esta valoración, se realizó una revisión descriptiva y se obtuvo que en el concepto de la estabilidad lesional, se implican otros dos relevantes desde el punto de vista médico-legal: las secuelas (que configuran la incapacidad permanente) y la incapacidad temporal, donde concurre un tratamiento médico activo con finalidad curativa, hasta la total estabilización del estado patológico residual. La estabilización lesional se basa en criterios médico-legales objetivos: curación real y ad integrum de la lesión, fin del tratamiento activo-curativo, estabilización de la evolución aguda del proceso, fecha de reincorporación a sus actividades laborales o habituales, o incapacidad para estas, y tiempos estándares de curación de la afección. Sin embargo, su aplicación no siempre es sencilla, pues existen diferentes puntos de vista e intereses contrapuestos que motivarán impugnaciones del dictamen médico-legal, de ahí que el evaluador deba fundamentarse adecuadamente, sin basarse en un criterio aislado, y trabajando con una metodología precisa, completa y actualizada, que conduzca a conclusiones objetivas.

The clinical and functional assessment of the sequels of traumatic injury has important implications at various judicial levels. It has become increasingly important to examine the adequacy and integrity of the medical concepts associated with the assessment of damage due to the rise in the prevalence of conditions associated with body injuries, physical limitations and the concomitant social, physical and economic costs. A descriptive review was made, with the general objective to identify the relevance of lesion stability for this assessment. It was found that, from a forensic point of view, this concept involves two other important concepts: the sequels (which represent the permanent disability) and the temporary disability, where an active medical treatment concurs with a curative intent until it reaches full stabilization of the residual disease. Lesion stability is based on objective forensic criteria: real healing and ad integrum of the injury, finalization of the active-curative treatment, stabilization of the process of acute development, date of return to work or everyday activities, or the inability to do so, and standard healing time of the condition. However, its application is not always easy as there are different points of view and interests that will challenge the medical report. Hence medical experts must adequately support their assessment, should not base their opinion on isolated criteria, and must use a precise, complete and updated methodology that leads to objective conclusions.