Alteraciones psicosociales y dimensiones de la calidad de vida en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio estuvo dirigido a establecer los indicadores de alteraciones psicosociales y las dimensiones que interfieren en la calidad de vida, según el paciente con daño cerebral adquirido, sus familiares y los especialistas de asistencia, pertenecientes al Consejo Popular San Juan de Dios. Se realizó un estudio mixto cuanticualitativo en el período comprendido entre mayo de 2018 y mayo de 2020, el que se extiende hasta hoy, atendiendo a los resultados que se han incorporado a la práctica médica sobre la base de la implementación de un proyecto de investigación que se ejecutó a partir de la colaboración entre el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud y el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, de Camagüey. La muestra la constituyeron 30 pacientes y sus familiares, pertenecientes a los consultorios de mayor prevalencia en los casos objeto de estudio. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon métodos empíricos, teóricos y matemático-estadísticos y se aplicó la escala de la calidad de vida del paciente con daño cerebral (CAVIDACE), dirigida a la familia. Como principales resultados se determinó que las principales funciones psíquicas superiores que mostraron alteraciones fueron los procesos de atención y memoria. Se apreciaron en la mayoría de los pacientes alteraciones emocionales, conductuales, en la autonomía funcional y en la integración social. Las dimensiones de la calidad de vida que evidencian más alteraciones fueron la inserción social, el bienestar emocional y físico, el desarrollo personal y las relaciones interpersonales. De acuerdo con el percentil de la escala se evidenciaron resultados de calidad de vida baja en la mayoría de los pacientes, posterior al daño cerebral adquirido.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the study was aimed at establishing the indicators of psychosocial alterations and the dimensions that interfere with quality of life, according to the patient with acquired brain injury, their relatives and assistance specialists, belonging to the San Juan de Dios Popular Council. A mixed quantitative-qualitative study was carried out in the period between May 2018 and May 2020, which extends until today, based on the results that have been incorporated into medical practice based on the implementation of a research project that It was executed from the collaboration between the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health and the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, in Camagüey. The sample was made up of 30 patients and their relatives, belonging to the most prevalent clinics in the cases under study. For the development of the research, empirical, theoretical and mathematical-statistical methods were used, and the scale of the quality of life of the patient with brain damage (CAVIDACE), aimed at the family, was applied. As main results, it was determined that the main superior psychic functions that showed alterations were: attention and memory processes. Emotional, behavioral, functional autonomy and social integration alterations were observed in most of the patients. The dimensions of quality of life that showed more alterations were: social insertion, emotional and physical well-being, personal development and interpersonal relationships. According to the percentile of the scale, results of low quality of life were evidenced in most of the patients, after to the acquired cerebral damage.

Percepción de la calidad de vida de cuidadores de pacientes asistentes a un programa de crónicos, Villavicencio, Colombia / Perception of the Quality of Life of Caregivers of Patients Attending a Program for the Chronically, Villavicencio, Colombia / Percepção da qualidade de vida de cuidadores de pacientes participantes de um programa de crónicos, Villavicencio (Colômbia)

Objetivo: determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida de cuidadores informales de adultos que padecen enfermedad crónica, que asisten al Programa de Crónicos de la Empresa Social del Estado de Villavicencio, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo y de corte transversal en cuidadores informales (n = 180) de adultos crónico usuarios del Programa de Promoción y Prevención de Crónicos. Con los cuidadores se utilizó el instrumento Calidad de Vida (QOL) versión familiar de Ferrell y Grant, y para valorar la funcionalidad de los pacientes crónicos, se usó el perfil Pulses adaptado por Granger. Se determinan rangos de puntaje, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para los dominios de bienestar y calidad de vida. Resultados: en la mayoría de los cuidadores se evidenció que los dominios de bienestar físico y social no se encuentran afectados, y las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico y espiritual están en nivel medio, al igual que la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: para la enfermería, los resultados pueden orientar procesos de capacitación a fin de fortalecer habilidades de cuidado en cuidadores que permitan promover la salud y el bienestar, evitar el deterioro de la calidad de vida y cuidar oportunamente y en mejores condiciones al familiar que padece enfermedad crónica.

Objective: Identify perceptions about the quality of life of informal caregivers of chronically ill adults who are attending a program for the chronically ill sponsored by a state-run social welfare agency in Villavicencio, Colombia. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach. The focus is on informal caregivers (n = 180) of chronically ill adults who are involved in the Chronic Illness Awareness and Prevention Program. The Quality of Life (QOL) Instrument - Family Version developed by Ferrell and Grant was used with the caregivers, and the Granger adapted version of the Pluses profile was used to assess the functionality of chronically ill patients. The score ranges and measures of central tendency and dispersion for the domains of well-being and quality of life are determined. Results: In most of the caregivers, there was evidence that the domains of physical and social well-being are not affected. The dimensions of psychological and spiritual well-being are at the middle level, as is quality of life. Conclusions: The results can be used by nursing to guide training processes aimed at strengthening the skills caregivers have to promote health and wellbeing, prevent quality of life from deteriorating, and provide timely care and in better conditions for a family member who is suffering from a chronic illness.

Objetivo: determinar a percepção da qualidade de vida de cuidadores informais de idosos que padecem doença crónica, que participam do Programa de Crônicos da Empresa Social do Estado de Villavicencio (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e de corte transversal em cuidadores informais (n = 180) de idosos crônicos usuários do Programa de Promoção e Prevenção de Crônicos. Com os cuidadores, utilizou-se o instrumento Qualidade de Vida (QoL, por sua sigla em inglês) versão familiar de Ferrell e Grant, e para avaliar funcionalidade dos pacientes crônicos, usou-se o perfil Pulses, adaptado por Granger. Determinaram-se faixas de pontuação, medidas de tendência central e dispersão para os domínios de bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Resultados: na maioria dos cuidadores, evidenciou-se que os domínios de bem-estar físico e social estão em nível médio, assim como a qualidade de vida. Conclusões: para a enfermagem, os resultados podem orientar processos de capacitação a fim de fortalecer habilidades de cuidado em cuidadores que permitam promover a saúde e o bem-estar, evitar a deterioração da qualidade de vida e cuidar oportunamente e em melhores condições do familiar que padece doença crônica.

The Effects of a Follow-up Program on Physical, Emotional, and Social Function after Breast Cancer Surgery / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a follow-up program for breast cancer patients after surgery. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were 56 breast cancer patients (experimental group: 27, control group: 29). The subjects of the experimental group participated in the Follow-up program of 7 sessions once a week, during 4 weeks including one telephone visit. The program consisted of health education of breast cancer, exercise, lymph edema prevention, diet education, theraband rehabilitation exercise, laugh therapy, and breast self examination. The obtained data were analysed by using the ANCOVA of SPSS. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the scores of physical wellbeing, symptom distress and mood state between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Considering these research results, short-term intervention could improve physical and emotional functioning abilities by helping better health. Nurses should establish and manage a proper program to provide multipurpose support and it must apply the program after surgery as soon as possible for breast cancer women.