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Menopausal syndrome is a grouping of signs and symptoms associated with menopause. In Ayurveda, menopause is referred to as 'Rajonivrutti' (and menopausal syndrome as Rajonivruttianubandhaja vyadhies). Menopause's long-term risks include osteoporosis, cardiac problems, and Alzheimer's disease. Aims and objective: To study the Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita. Material and methods: Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita have been carried out as per standard protocol. Result: Vayasthapana Gana Choorna showed the presence of mesocarp, asicular crystals, stone cells, scleroids, brown content, starch grains, colencyma cells, rhomboidal crystals, pitted vessels, parenchyma cells, simple trichome. Phytochemical parameters showed refractive index 1.3660, specific gravity 0.913, acid value 1.285, iodine value 212.1085 and in HPTLC, Methanol extract of Vayasthapana Ghrita at 254nm showed 6 spots and at 366nm 2 spots whereas in methanol extract of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna at 254nm 5 spots and in 366nm 4 spots were present. Conclusion: The applied pharmacognostic and HPTLC method has been shown to be selective, linear, precise and accurate. The method will be useful for quality control of the raw material and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Aims@#Shanineh is a traditional native buttermilk beverage in Jordan, where it is consumed to a great extent during spring and summer seasons. This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological and physiochemical properties of handmade Shanineh compared to that commercially produced by dairy plants in Jordan.@*Methodology and results@#A total of 280 Shanineh samples consisted of 100 handmade samples from different dairy farms (workshops), 170 handmade samples from local markets, and 10 commercially produced samples as controls. Physiochemical characteristics including pH, fat, specific gravity, solid non fat, total solid, salt and viscosity and microbiological quality including coliforms and yeast and mold were evaluated. The results revealed that the physiochemical and hygienic quality of commercially produced Shanineh (control) complied with Jordanian standards, and it was significantly different (P≤0.05) from the markets or workshops samples in all parameters, Moreover, Shanineh samples that were handmade in small farms or distributed to the markets did not comply with standards because it is produced under uncontrolled conditions. 100% of the workshop samples and 47% of the market samples gave positive results for coliform with a value ranged between (<1 -320 CFU/g), while all of the analyzed samples were highly contaminated with yeast and mold with highly significant difference from the control sample.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Handmade Shanineh did not meet the Jordanian standard in term of physiochemical and microbiological parameters and had low hygienic quality compared to commercial one, sources of contaminant should be verified and prevented to ensure the safety of this drink at point of consumption and to decrease the incidence of its health risk on consumers.
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Objective To prepare proanthocyanidins/bletilla striata polysaccharide/chitosan microspheres ( PC/BSP/CTS ) and the physic-chemical characterizations were investigated.Methods The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were prepared by spray drying method.The morphology of PC/BSP/CTS microspheres was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), and its physic-chemical characteristics such as diameters, release in vitro, moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were studied.ResuIts The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were successfully prepared by spray drying method, SEM showed that PC/BSP/CTS microspheres had the spherical shape with smooth surfaces.The diameters of microsphere A, B and C were 10~20, 2~15, 10~25μm.The in-vitro release showed that the cumulative release of three kinds of microspheres A, B, C was 25.07 %, 38.83 %and 60.00 % in 24 h, which had no burst release, while with time prolonged to 48 h, the cumulative release was 28.89%, 43.17% and 72.86%, respectively.The results of moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were 15.35% ~23.51%, 46.50% ~105.80%, 0.375 ~0.496. ConcIusion The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres are successfully prepared by spray drying method which possess good characteristics and sustained-release effect, which would be as a good pulmonary drug delivery system.
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With the growing population and subsequent increasing demand for energy in Nigeria, coupled with the under-developed electrical energy platforms and the vast problems of the convectional energy sources such as continuous gas flaring, energy crisis is still lingering and enormous. The aim of this work is to compare the quality of different blends of biodiesel produced from several vegetable oils. The biodiesel was obtained from oil of animal fat and vegetable oils of bleached palm, corn, cottonseed, groundnut and soya through transterification reaction. The physiochemical properties of four blends were measured to ascertain their adherence with the ASTM standard for biodiesel. The results show a high percentage yield from most of the feedstock with the highest yield of 95% from bleached palm oil while the lowest value of 61.5% is from animal fat. Viscosity obtained at temperatures of 10ºC to 60ºC, with the highest value of 7.717mm2/sec is from B100 of animal fat at 10ºC and lowest value of 1.840mm2/sec is from B20 of corn oil at 60ºC. Also other values for density, flash point, cold point and sulfur content all conform to the ASTM standard range.
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The physical and chemical properties of soils and plants distribution in metropolitan dumpsites in Uyo, Nigeria were studied. Soil samples were collected from two popular dumpsites and analysed using standard scientific procedures. The Results showed that there were slight desparities in the nutrient profile of these dumpsites. Generally, the nutrients levels were high and soil heavy metals concentration were found to be within permissible limits. This study also revealed the monospecific nature of dumpsite 1 and higher species presence corresponding with increased nutrient levels in dumpsite site 2. This study encourages the use of dumpsites soils for agricultural purpose(s) when the soil heavy metal falls within permissible range.
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To study oil contents and fatty acid composition among the samples of Jatropha curcas L. seeds were collected from Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Soxhlet extraction method and gas chromatography (GC) were employed to determine the oil contents of Jatropha seeds and the fatty acid composition of Jatropha oil. The seed oil contents (dry basis) was 46.27% .Physicochemical properties shows acid value (36.46), iodine value (106.00 mg/g) and saponification value (194.70 mg/g.The evaluation of fatty acid composition using gas chromatography (GC) revealed that, oleic (44.93%), linoleic acid (33.40 %), Palmitic acid (15.39%) and Stearic acid (6.26%).
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Object To study the phsiochemical properties of storax ? cyclodextrin (? CD) inclusion complex Methods The inclusion complex was identified by the methods of TLC, X ray powder diffractometry and IR The solubility and dissolution rate of cinnamic acid in inclusion complex were investigated by HPLC Results The TLC showed that the main composition of storax had no change before and after being included by ? CD The spectra of X ray powder diffractometry and IR of the inclusion complex were remarkably different from those of storax and storax ? CD mixture It was shown a great improvement of the solubility and dissolution rate of cinnamic acid in the inclusion complex in 0 1 mol/L HCl, pH 6 6 and pH 7 5 phosphate buffer solution Conclusion The storax ? CD inclusion complex exhibits some new physical characteristics and its physiochemical properties are greatly changed comparing with those of storax