Dietary Brown Propolis Extract Modulated Nonspecific Immune System and Intestinal Morphology of Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

Abstract The immunomodulatory and growth promoter effects of brown propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) were determined in pacu. Fish (28.4±0.4 g) were randomly distributed into 12 polyethylene circular tanks (250 L, 30 fish per tank) and fed for 60 days with a commercial diet (32% crude protein) supplemented with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% (v/w) of PEE in a totally randomized experimental design (n=3). Fish organic defense cells numbers such as thrombocytes and neutrophils increased (p<0.05) in fish fed 3.0% dietary PEE. Serum lysozyme concentration also increased (p<0.05) in fish fed 1.5 and 3.0% PEE supplementation when compared to unsupplemented fish. Growth parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by treatments. Moreover, dietary PEE decreased (p<0.05) fish intestinal muscular thickness when compared to control treatment. Intestine villi height also significantly decreased in fish fed 3.0% PEE. Long term dietary PEE at 3.0% supplementation level modulated fish nonspecific immune system and it is a non-toxic substance for pacu.

Atividade ovicida e larvicida in vitro do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus sobre Haemonchus contortus / Ovicidal and larvicidal activity in vitro of Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on Haemonchus contortus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus (OEEG) sobre a eclosão e desenvolvimento de larvas de Haemonchus contortus. A determinação da composição química do OEEG foi feita por meio de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. No teste de eclosão de ovos (TEO), utilizaram-se as concentrações 21,75; 17,4; 8,7; 5,43 e 2,71 mg.mL-1; e no de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) as concentrações foram 43,5; 21,75; 10,87; 5,43 e 2,71 mg.mL-1. Cada ensaio foi acompanhado por um controle positivo, 0,02 mg.mL-1 tiabendazol, no TEO e 0,008 mg.mL-1 ivermectina no TDL, e por um controle negativo com o diluente Tween 80 (3 por cento). A eficácia máxima obtida pelo OEEG sobre ovos foi de 99,3 por cento na concentração de 21,75 mg.mL-1 e, sobre larvas, 98,7 por cento na concentração de 43,5 mg.mL-1. A concentração do OEEG, que inviabilizou 50 por cento dos ovos e das larvas do parasito, foi de 8,3 e 6,92 mg.mL-1, respectivamente. A análise química do óleo identificou como principal componente o monoterpeno 1,8-cineol. O OEEG apresentou atividade ovicida e larvicida in vitro sobre H. contortus, determinando um bom potencial para utilização no controle de nematóides gastrintestinais de ovinos e caprinos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate ovicidal and larvicidal effects of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGEO) on Haemonchus contortus. The chemical composition determination of EGEO was through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Egg hatch test (EHT) was performed in concentrations 21.75; 17.4; 8.7; 5.43 e 2.71 mg.mL-1. In larval development test (LDT) were used the concentrations 43.5; 21.75; 10.87; 5.43 e 2.71 mg.mL-1. Each trial was conducted by negative control with Tween 80 (3 percent) and positive control, 0.02 mg.mL -1 of thiabendazole in EHT and 0.008 mg.mL-1 of ivermectin in LDT. The maximum effectiveness of EGEO on eggs was 99.3 percent in concentration of 21.75 mg.mL-1 and on larvae was 98.7 percent in concentration 43.5 mg.mL-1. The concentration of EGEO that inhibits 50 percent of the eggs and larvae was 8.3 and 6.92 mg.mL-1, respectively. The oil chemical analysis identified as main component the monoterpen 1,8-cineol. EGEO presented ovicidal and larvicidal activities in vitro, revealing a good potential for use in the control of sheep and goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo antibiótico e/ou fitoterápico como promotores, adicionados isoladamente ou associados / Performance of broilers fed diets added of antibiotic and phytoterapic isolated or associated

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de um fitoterápico e de um antibiótico usados de maneira isolada ou associada no desempenho de frangos de corte entre 1 e 42 dias de idade, foi conduzido um experimento com 320 pintos de corte de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem COBB 500. As aves foram distribuídas em quatro tratamentos assim constituídos: T1= Avilamicina + Aviance (50/50 por cento); T2= Avilamicina (100 por cento); T3= Aviance (100 por cento) e T4= sem promotor. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos de quatro repetições com 20 aves cada. As variáveis de consumo alimentar, peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram avaliadas ao final de cada fase experimental; mortalidade e IEP foram avaliados no período total. O consumo de ração, o peso corporal e a conversão alimentar não foram afetados pelos diferentes promotores estudados. Porém, houve maior índice de mortalidade das aves que não receberam nenhum promotor de crescimento, o que causou o baixo índice de eficiência produtiva do tratamento-testemunha em relação aos demais.

This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a phytoterapic and na antibiotic, added isolated or associated to the feed of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age). In this experiment were used 320 day old chicks COBB 500, distributed in 4 treatments as follow: T1= Avilamicyn + Aviance (50 percent +50 percent); T2= Avilamycin (100 percent); T3= Aviance (100 percent) and T4= without promoter. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 20 chicks each. Feed comsumption, body weight and feed conversion were evaluated at the end of each experimental period. Mortality and IEP were analized only at the end of the trial. The results showed that there is no positive effect on broilers performance receiving growth promoters. However, there was higher mortality in tratments wich did not receive any growth promoter wich was responsible for any efficiency productive index lower than those with these products.