Pictobana: Una herramienta para la comunicación con niñosautistas

Introducción: Los avances actuales en el campo de las TICs han permitido un importante impulso en el desarrollo de sistemas que traducen texto plano en español en pictogramas. Sin embargo, las soluciones actuales no pueden ser comprendidas por una persona con dificultades del lenguaje en Cuba, debido a que algunas terminologías no están presentes en el lenguaje cotidiano. Objetivo: Desarrollar el modelo Pictobana para el análisis semántico de un Pictotraductor que integre la semántica del lenguaje cubano. Métodos: El modelo fue desarrollado aplicando técnicas de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Se realiza un análisis lingüístico con el objetivo de proporcionar las mejores representaciones posibles de los textos en pictogramas. Resultados: El modelo es implementado en una aplicación web que proporciona una herramienta que ayuda a promover las competencias y habilidades de comunicación a personas con dificultades del habla en Cuba y a sus familiares. Conclusiones: Las pruebas realizadas mediante experimentos y criterio de expertos, demuestran que el analizador desarrollado, aumenta la ajustabilidad de los pictogramas al contexto y a la semántica, aminorando la incoherencia y la ambigüedad semántica del futuro sistema.

Introduction: Current advances in the field of ICTs have allowed an important boost in the development of systems that allow translating plain text in Spanish into pictograms. However, the current solutions cannot be understood by a person with language difficulties in Cuba because some terminologies are not present in everyday language. Objective: To develop the Pictobana model for the semantic analysis of a Pictotranslator that integrates the semantics of the Cuban language. Methods: The model was developed by applying natural language processing techniques. A linguistic analysis was carried out with the aim of providing the best possible representations of the texts in pictograms. Results: The model is implemented in a web application that provides a tool that helps promote communication skills and abilities for people with speech difficulties and their families in Cuba. Conclusions: The tests carried out through experiments and expert criteria show that the developed analyzer increases the adjustability of the pictograms to the context and the semantics, reducing the incoherence and semantic ambiguity of the future system.

Avaliação de um conjunto de pictogramas por um grupo de idosos brasileiros: uma análise qualitativa / Evaluation of a set of pictograms in a group of elderly Brazilian: a qualitative analysis

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar qualitativamente a compreensão dos idosos brasileiros sobre os pictogramas da United States Pharmacopeia ? Dispensing Information (USP-DI) e verificar se os mesmos são aplicáveis para a cultura do país. O estudo envolveu idosos com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, de ambos os gêneros, com diferentes níveis de escolaridade e renda salarial. Foram apresentados para os idosos 15 pictogramas dos 81 desenvolvidos pela USP-DI, individualmente, sem legendas e em ordem aleatória, para verificar a compreensão destes. Para tanto, esta análise qualitativa incluiu 116 participantes. Com relação à análise da compreensão dos pictogramas selecionados, apenas um atingiu o critério estabelecido pela ISO 3864. Ademais, verificou-se que a maioria dos pictogramas da USP- DI avaliados não foi bem compreendida pelos idosos, havendo a necessidade de adaptar culturalmente e validar estes símbolos para a cultura do Brasil.(AU)

The aim of the study was to analyze qualitatively the understanding of Brazilian elderly on the pictograms da United States Pharmacopeia ­ Dispensing Information (USP-DI) and check whether they are applicable to the country's culture. The study involved elderly aged between 60 and 90 years, of both genders, with different levels of education and wage income. Were presented to seniors, 15 of 81 pictograms developed by USP-DI, individually, without subtitles and in random order, to verify understanding of these. Therefore, this qualitative analysis included 116 participants. Regarding the analysis of the understanding of pictograms selected, only one reached the criterion established by ISO 3864. Moreover, it was found that most of the USP-DI pictograms evaluated was not well understood by the elderly, with the need to culturally adapt and validate these symbols to the culture of Brazil.(AU)

Awareness and understanding of pharmaceutical pictograms in non pharmacy students: A case study.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate awareness and rational use of pictogram in non pharmacy students, further comparison of locally developed, appropriate pharmaceutical pictograms with pictograms appearing in the 1991 edition of the USP-DI (United States Pharmacopoeia Dispensing Information). Twenty pictograms from the USP-DI and corresponding set of 20 locally developed pictograms conveying a medication instruction was evaluated. Respondents were evaluated for their interpretation of all 40 pictograms. The correct meaning of each pictogram was explained at the end of the study. Preference for either the Local or USP pictograms was determined. The evaluation results revealed that 61% pictograms were understood and answered correctly by Non Pharmacy Undergraduates and 56% by Non Pharmacy postgraduates. Also it was found that out of the 140 respondents only one respondent had voted for all the 20 locally prepared pictograms and had preferred absolutely no USP pictogram. Out of total number of respondents in non pharmacy undergraduates and postgraduates, 53% and 61% respondents preferred USP pictograms over local pictograms respectively. Thus USP pictograms were preferred over local. This clearly shows that USP pictograms are better understood compared to the local pictograms among all non pharmacy students.