Implementação do Pecs Associado ao Point-Of-View Video Modeling na Educação Infantil para Crianças com Autismo / Implementation of PECS Associated with Point-Of-View Video Modeling in Early Childhood Education for Children with Autism

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) associado ao Point-of-view Video Modeling (POVM) nas habilidades comunicativas de três crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e Necessidades Complexas de Comunicação. Empregou-se o delineamento experimental de múltiplas sondagens combinado ao delineamento de tratamentos alternados, sendo o PECS associado ao POVM a variável independente e as habilidades de comunicação a variável dependente. Os dados foram analisados considerando aspectos como: a porcentagem de non-overlapping, a porcentagem de respostas corretas quanto ao desempenho dos participantes e os dados da escala Likert quanto à validade social. Os resultados mostraram que a partir do início da intervenção, os níveis e as tendências de seus dados mudaram, todos os participantes obtiveram o critério, atingindo o non-overlapping de 100%. Em todas as fases do PECS associado ao POVM, os participantes obtiveram porcentagem média acima de 90%. O estudo foi considerado pelos responsáveis, pelas estagiárias e pelas professoras como socialmente válido. Conclui-se que os participantes com TEA indicaram uma mudança após a intervenção, ao comparar a condição de linha de base com a intervenção e follow-up, demonstrando uma possibilidade em Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa para as crianças com TEA.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) associated to Point-of-view Video Modeling (POVM) in communicative skills of three children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Complex Communication Needs. The experimental design of multiple probe combined with the design the alternate treatments was used, being PECS associated to POVM the independent variable and the communication skills were the dependent variables. Data were analyzed considering aspects such as: the percentage of non-overlapping, participants' performance percentage of correct responses and Likert scale data on social validity. The results showed that from the beginning of the intervention, the data levels and trends changed, all the participants obtained the criterion, reaching 100% non-overlapping. In all phases of PECS associated to POVM the participants had an average percentage above 90%. The study was considered by those responsible for the child, the trainees and the teachers. It was concluded that the participants with ASD indicated a change after the intervention, when comparing baseline condition with intervention and follow-up, demonstrating a possibility in Augmentative and Alternative Communication for children with ASD.

Effect of Picture Exchange Communication System on Social Communication and Speech in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder:A Systematic Review / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To systematically review the effect of picture exchange communication system (PECS) on social communication and speech in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Elsvier, VIP, CNKI, evaluated and screened out. Results Six articles were included in the systematic review. Two of them researched the effect of PECS on social communication and speech, two for social communication and other two for speech. Four of them supported that PECS might promote the social communication, three of them supported that PECS promote the speech, and one indicated that PECS did less for speech. Conclusion PECS benefits social communication in children with ASD, especially for the request, and may facilitate the increase of the vocabulary and speech. The characteristics of children with ASD may associate with the efficacy of PECS.

Effect of Picture Exchange Communication System on Children with Autism / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the efficacy of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on children with autism applied in rehabilitation nursing care. Methods 40 children with autism were divided randomly into two groups. The control group (n=20) received routine nursing care, and the observation group (n=20) received rehabilitation nursing care based on PECS for 6 months. They were assessed with Psycho-Education Profile (PEP-3) before and after training. Results The scores of PEP-3 improved obviously in all the children (P<0.05) after training, and the score of communication and behaviour improved more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion PECS applied in rehabilitation nursing care can improve the sociality and speech for children with autism.

Revisão de estudos sobre o Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) para o ensino de linguagem a indivíduos com autismo e outras dificuldades de fala / Review of studies on the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for teaching language to individuals with autism and other speech difficulties

O Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) é um sistema de comunicação frequentemente utilizado em indivíduos com autismo e/ou pouca fala funcional. Até a data, nenhuma revisão sobre intervenções com o PECS foi publicada no Brasil. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram revisar as literaturas brasileira e estrangeira sobre o estado da arte do PECS como um instrumento de ensino de linguagem a indivíduos com autismo e dificuldades de fala, apontar o que tem sido pesquisado, os resultados mais encontrados e direções para novos estudos, principalmente para a literatura brasileira. Quatro artigos foram encontrados na literatura estrangeira e seis na literatura brasileira. Dados referentes ao número de participantes, delineamento de pesquisa, duração do estudo, setting, fases implementadas, resultados encontrados, fidedignidade inter-observador e de procedimento, validade social, manutenção e generalização foram sumarizados. Os estudos revisados mostraram que, em consonância com a literatura, o PECS parece ser efetivo no ensino da comunicação a indivíduos com autismo ou com pouca fala funcional, apesar de o pequeno número de participantes de cada estudo indicar que o PECS é uma estratégia de ensino individual.

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a communication system frequently used with people with autism and/or with little functional speech. To date, no review has been published on PECS interventions in the Brazilian literature. Thus, the aims of this study were to review Brazilian and foreign literature on the state of art of PECS as a language teaching instrument for individuals with autism and speech difficulties, and to point out what has been researched, the main results and directions for further research, especially regarding Brazilian literature. Four articles were found in foreign literature and six in the Brazilian one. Data on the number of participants, research design, study duration, setting, implemented phases, main outcomes, inter-observer reliability and procedure data, social validity, generalization and maintenance data were summarized. In consonance with the existing literature, the reviewed studies show that PECS seems to be effective in teaching communication to individuals with autism or little functional speech, despite the small number of participants in each study, suggesting that PECS is an individual teaching strategy.