Psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Dominican Republic adolescents

Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.

Introducción: Este trabajo supone el primer intento de obtener evidencias de validez de un cuestionario de intención emprendedora en adolescentes en un país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Tiene como objetivos reportar la estructura interna, fiabilidad, validez externa y probar la invarianza de género del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en su adaptación para adolescentes. Método: La muestra está formada por 708 adolescentes de República Dominicana con una media edad de 15.49, un 65.2% de mujeres y un 35.8% hombres. Los análisis incluyeron análisis factorial confirmatorio, resultados de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega para la fiabilidad, correlaciones y una rutina de invarianza por género. Finalmente se compararon las medias latentes de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El análisis factorial mostró un buen ajuste a los datos y los resultados de fiabilidad fueron adecuados. Además, las correlaciones con la Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó satisfactoriamente la invarianza estricta por género. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor norma subjetiva, las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención emprendedora. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para que sea de utilidad en las investigaciones sobre la promoción del emprendimiento en etapas tempranas.

Estudio exploratorio de las motivaciones para la criopreservación de ovocitos en forma electiva / An exploratory study of motivations for elective oocyte cryopreservation

Introducción La vitrificación de óvulos es un avance científico que ha cambiado la perspectiva reproductiva de la sociedad humana. Este procedimiento se ha ofrecido como alternativa a la postergación voluntaria del embarazo, confiriéndole a la mujer una nueva perspectiva en su autonomía reproductiva. El número de mujeres que consultan y luego optan por congelar ovocitos ha aumentado en forma casi exponencial en Chile y en todo el mundo. En nuestro país, hay poco conocimiento acerca de la motivación, experiencia y resultados de la criopreservación electiva de ovocitos en Chile. El objetivo fue conocer la motivación, experiencia y el deseo reproductivo futuro de este grupo de mujeres sometidas a esta técnica. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en un cuestionario enviado por correo electrónico en el que participaron mujeres que se habían sometido previamente a criopreservación electiva de ovocitos entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2019 en Clínica Alemana, Santiago de Chile. Resultados De 342 mujeres que habían completado un ciclo de criopreservación electiva de ovocitos, 193 aceptaron participar y de estas, 98 (51%) de las mujeres contestaron la encuesta en forma satisfactoria. Se establecieron criterios de exclusión a aquellas mujeres que se habían sometido a este procedimiento por indicación médica como la endometriosis, el cáncer y la baja reserva ovárica. El motivo más frecuente para realizarse el procedimiento fue la edad (44%). En relación al procedimiento; el 94% no se arrepiente de haberlo realizado y 74% de las mujeres cree que utilizará sus ovocitos en algún momento de su vida. Por último, desde que se realizaron la criopreservación de ovocitos a la fecha, el 11% de las mujeres encuestadas ha usado sus ovocitos vitrificados y 27% ha logrado embarazarse con estos. Conclusión Las mujeres que se someten a criopreservación electiva de ovocitos por razones sociales, son principalmente mujeres sin pareja que tiene como motivación principal su edad reproductiva y la gran mayoría de ellas no se arrepienten de haberlo realizado.

Introduction Oocyte vitrification is a scientific advance that has changed the reproductive perspective of human society. This procedure has been offered as an alternative to the voluntary postponement of pregnancy, giving women a new perspective on their reproductive autonomy. The number of women who consult and then choose to freeze oocytes has increased almost exponentially in Chile and throughout the world. There is little knowledge about the motivation, experience, and results of elective oocyte cryopreservation in Chile. The objective was to know the motivation, experience, and future reproductive desire of the women who underwent this technique. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study based on a questionnaire sent by e-mail in which females who had previously undergone elective oocyte cryopreservation between January 2011 and December 2019 at Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile, participated. Results Of 342 women who had completed a cycle of elective oocyte cryopreservation, 193 agreed to participate, and of these, 98 (51%) answered the survey satisfactorily. Women who underwent this procedure for medical indication, including endometriosis, cancer, and low ovarian reserve, were excluded. The most frequent reason for the procedure was age (44%). Concerning the procedure: 94% do not regret having it done, and 74% of the women believe that they will use their oocytes at some point in their lives. Finally, from the time of oocyte cryopreservation to date, 11% of the surveyed women have used their vitrified oocytes, and 27% have become pregnant. Conclusions Women who undergo elective oocyte cryopreservation for social reasons are mainly women without a partner whose main motivation is their reproductive age. The vast majority do not regret doing so.

Green Products Purchase Intention in Chilean Consumers: Comparing Three Models Using Structural Equations / Intención de Compra de Productos Ecológicos en Consumidores Chilenos: Comparación de Tres Modelos por Ecuaciones Estructurales

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare three models: the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and its extended form (ETPB), to predict the intention of Chilean consumers for purchasing green products. Five hundred people were surveyed, establishing an inter-rater reliability analysis, and a discriminant, convergent and construct validity using three structural equation models (SEM). The results showed that the ETPB model is useful to explain the consumption behavior intention for green products based on a triple bottom line, whose main contribution is the indirect effect of EC on the model. The study found that of the three variables, PBC was the strongest predictor of purchase intention, followed by attitude. In conclusion, both the ETPB model and the green products purchase intention instrument contribute to broaden the studies about consumer behavior in sustainable marketing in Chile.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los modelos de teoría de acción razonada (TAR), teoría de comportamiento planificado (TCP) y su forma extendida (TCPE), para predecir la intención de compra de productos ecológicos en consumidores chilenos. Se encuestaron 500 personas y se estableció un análisis de fiabilidad interjuez, validez discriminante, convergente y de constructo a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados señalan que el modelo TCPE es útil para explicar la intención de comportamiento de consumo ante productos verdes con base en una triple línea de fondo, cuya principal contribución es el efecto indirecto de PA sobre el modelo. De las tres variables, se evidencia que el CCP era la predictora más fuerte de la intención de compra, seguida de la actitud. En conclusión, tanto el modelo TCPE como el instrumento de intención de compra de productos verdes contribuyen a la ampliación de estudios sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en marketing sustentable en Chile.

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders among prenatal mothers in selected areas of Bhopal

Background- The mental illness seen in children is worrisome and has many factors leading to such conditions. The need for positive intervention is need of the hour. Materials & Methods- Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 60 prenatal mothers in selected rural areas of Bhopal by Non-Probability convenient sampling technique. A pre-test was conducted by using a structured knowledge questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders. Results- In this study, on comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score it was found that all prenatal mothers scored better in the post-test. Majority of respondents scored average and 20.0% scored good. The post test mean was more than pre test score. Conclusion- We concluded that the structured teaching program is effective in increasing knowledge of the prenatal mothers regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders.

Intentions and Behavioural Determinants in the Face of COvID-19 Pandemic: A Theory of Planned Behaviour and Risk Perception Model / Intenciones y determinantes del comportamiento ante la pandemia de COvID-19: un modelo de teoría del comportamiento planificado y percepción del riesgo / Intenções e determinantes do comportamento diante da pandemia de COvID-19: um modelo teórico de comportamento planejado e percepção de risco

The containment of COVID-19 implied challenges for governments and health authorities to motivate citizens to adopt several prevention behaviours (i.e., wearing a face mask and washing hands frequently). This paper aims to identify the factors that encourage people to adopt these behaviours. Our analysis was conducted over data collected by ASCOfAPSI and the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona about attitudes and beliefs related to the pandemic from 919 people from Colombia. The data was collected using an online snowball sampling between May and June 2020. We found that each prevention behaviour is motivated by a different set of factors. Specifically, based on the theory of planned behaviour, our results suggest that the intention to adopt a preventive behaviour is pre- dicted by a group of variables about subjective norms and attitudes as independent variables and another one linked to perceived control as mediator variables. This suggests that the motivation for prevention behaviours from authorities should be particular to each behaviour and consider the associated particular pattern of motivations and the sociodemographic characteristics and possibilities of action.

La contención del COVID-19 implica desafíos para los gobiernos y las autoridades de salud pública, a fin de motivar a los ciudadanos a que adopten las conductas de prevención (i.e., usar tapabocas, lavarse las manos frecuentemente). El propósito de este artículo es identificar los factores que motivan a las personas a adoptar tales conductas. Nuestro análisis se realizó con datos recolectados por ASCOfAPSI y la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona sobre actitudes y creencias acerca de la pandemia de 919 personas de Colombia. Con este análisis encontramos que cada clase de conducta de prevención está motivada por un conjunto de factores diferentes. Específicamente, asumiendo la teoría de la acción planeada, nuestros resultados dan soporte a la tesis de que la intención de adoptar un tipo de conducta de prevención está predicha por un conjunto de variables sobre normas subjetivas y actitudes como variables in- dependientes y un conjunto de variables vinculadas al control comportamental percibido como variables mediadoras. Esto sugiere que la motivación hacia las conductas de prevención por parte de las autoridades debería ser particular a cada tipo de conducta de prevención, y debería considerar el patrón de motivación particular asociado, así como particularidades sociodemográficas y diferentes posibilidades de acción.

A contenção do COVID-19 implica desafios para governos e autoridades de saúde pública para motivar os cidadãos a adotar comportamentos preventivos (i.e., usar máscaras faciais, lavar as mãos com frequência). O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os fatores que motivam as pessoas a adotar tais comportamentos. Nossa análise foi realizada em dados coletados pela ASCOfAPSI e pela Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona sobre atitudes e crenças sobre a pandemia de 919 pessoas da Colômbia. Com esta análise, descobrimos que cada classe de comportamento de prevenção é motivada por um conjunto diferente de fatores. Especificamente, assumindo a teoria da ação planejada, nossos resultados suportam a tese de que a intenção de adotar um tipo de comportamento de prevenção é predita por um conjunto de variáveis sobre normas sub- jetivas e atitudes como variáveis independentes e um conjunto de variáveis ligadas ao controle comportamental percebido como variáveis mediadoras. Isto sugere que a motivação para comportamentos de prevenção por parte das autoridades deve ser particular a cada tipo de comportamento de prevenção e deve considerar o padrão particular de motivação a ele associado, bem como particularidades sociodemográficas e diferentes possibilidades de ação.

Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Campaigns between 2008 and 2020 / Análise de Campanhas Preventivas a Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis entre 2008 e 2020

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) prevention campaigns promoted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2020. Fifty-three campaigns from the digital archive were included in the directed content analysis. The analysis was conducted based on the concepts of Combination Prevention and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Condom use and STI testing were constantly promoted, to the detriment of alternative preventive behaviors. The TPB concepts in the campaigns suggest the compatibility of the materials with the theory. We conclude that the campaigns present the desirable aspects of prevention. However, recent campaigns focused on aversive materials, which goes against studies that report negative effects from these strategies and is associated with the rise of moralist perspectives on prevention.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as campanhas de prevenção a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) veiculadas pelo Ministério da Saúde entre 2008 e 2020. Cinquenta e três campanhas disponíveis no acervo digital foram incluídas na análise de conteúdo dirigida. A análise foi realizada com base nos conceitos da Prevenção Combinada e da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). O uso de camisinha e a realização de testagem para ISTs foram constantemente promovidos, em detrimento de comportamentos preventivos alternativos. Os conceitos da TCP nas campanhas indicam compatibilidade dos materiais com pressupostos teóricos. Conclui-se que as campanhas abordam os aspectos desejáveis da prevenção. Contudo, as campanhas mais recentes investiram em materiais aversivos, estratégia contraindicada por outros estudos, porém associada ao crescimento da perspectiva moralista de prevenção.

Identification of Planned Stroke Awareness Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling

@#Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases, often causing death or gross physical impairment or disability. The associated risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, and smoking should serve as warnings. However, most people are still not aware of these risks. The main aim of this study is to identify stroke awareness behavior using the construct variable from the Theory of Planned Behavior as the predictor (attitude factor, subjective norm factor, perceived behavioral factor, and intention to perform behavior). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 people who have a high risk of stroke at the Poncokusumo Health Center, Malang, Indonesia. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The authors used all the construct variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior. The stroke awareness behavior was measured using a questionnaire developed from the National Stroke Awareness Guide, while the attitude factor, subjective norm factor, perceived behavioral factor, and intention were measured using the instruments developed from standard instruments from the Theory of Planned Behavior. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was used to analyse the data. Result: This study found that 68.4% of respondent with high or low intention of preventing a stroke can be predicted by attitude factors, subjective norm factors, and perceived behavioral factors. While 96.1% of good or bad stroke awareness behavior can be predicted by the model used in this study, the rest (3.9%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. Conclusion: The hypothesis testing results showed that all construct variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior can be strong predictors of stroke awareness behavior. All variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior can be powerful predictors of stroke awareness behavior.

Clinical efficacy of TACE combined with PVE versus percutaneous microwave ablation liver partition with PVE for planned hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with insufficient remnant liver volume / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with portal vein embolization (PVE) and percutaneous microwave ablation liver partition with PVE for planned hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with insu-fficient remnant liver volume.Methods:The clinical data of 51 patients with initially unresectable HCC due to insufficient remnant liver volume admitted to Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital and Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 37 males and 14 females, aged (56.7±11.2) years old. Patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment prior to hepatectomy: percutaneous microwave ablation liver partition combined with PVE (AP group, n=12) and TACE with PVE (TP group, n=39). Patients who successfully underwent planned hepatectomy in the above two groups were marked as resectable AP group ( n=10) and the resectable TP group ( n=29), respectively. Clinical data including the waiting time for surgery and the incidence of complications were analyzed. Patients were followed up by telephone or outpatient review. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis were used for survival comparison. Results:The FLR growth rate was higher in AP group [76.5% (65.3%, 81.6%)] than that in TP group [31.4% (28.2%, 41.9%), P<0.01]. The waiting time for planned hepatectomy in the resectable AP group was 12.0 (11.3, 14.5) d, shorter than that in the resec-table TP group [21.0 (15.0, 29.0) d, P<0.05]. The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the resectable AP group than that in the resectable TP group [80.0% (8/10) vs. 27.6% (8/29), P<0.05]. There was one perioperative death in the resectable AP group. The survival rate after PVE was lower in AP group than that in TP group, and the survival rate after hepatectomy was also lower in the resectable AP group than that in the resectable TP group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:For HCC patients with insufficient FLR, TACE combined with PVE is a safe and effective method for enlargement of liver remnant, whereas percutaneous microwave ablation liver partition with PVE showed a poor prognosis, despite the higher rate of FLR enlargement and shortened the waiting time for planned hepatectomy.

Clinical efficacy of portal vein embolization with different embolization materials in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the clinical effects of portal vein embolization (PVE) with N-butyl cyanoacrylate copolymer (NBCA) and with gelatin sponge (GS) as embolization materials in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Clinical data of 90 patients with initial unresectable HCC who underwent PVE treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from November 2014 to April 2020 were included. There were 77 males and 13 females, aged 48 (25, 67) years old. Patients were divided into two groups according to the embolization materials selected in PVE: NBCA group ( n=60) and GS group ( n=30). Forty-eight and 18 patients finally underwent secondary hepatectomy in NBCA group (resectable NBCA group) and GS group (resectable GS group), respectively. Clinical data including future liver remnant (FLR) growth rate and secondary hepatectomy rate were analyzed. Survivals after hepatectomy was followed up by telephone, WeChat, and outpatient review. Results:The secondary hepatectomy rate in NBCA group was higher than that in GS group [80%(48/60) vs. 60%(18/30), P=0.043]. The waiting time from primary intervention to secondary hepatectomy in resectable NBCA group was 15 (7, 96) d, which was shorter than that in resectable GS group [40 (28, 118) d, P<0.001]. The FLR growth rate of resectable NBCA group was 9.03 (1.24, 29.64) ml/d, which was faster than that in resectable GS group [3.76 (0.08, 8.03) ml/d, P<0.001]. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of patients in resectable NBCA group were 69.1%, 62.0% and 44.7% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, and the overall survival (OS) rates were 76.4%, 69.5% and 59.6%, respectively. The RFS rates of patients in resectable GS group were 60.6%, 48.5% and 35.4% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, and the OS rates were 66.7%, 60.6% and 42.4%, respectively. There were no significant differences in RFS and OS between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:PVE with NBCA and GS as embolization material showed good efficacy in patients with initially unresectable HCC. The FLR growth rate and secondary hepatectomy rate of patients using NBCA were better than those of patients using GS.

Behavioral Intention Scale for End-of-life DiscussionsReliability and Validity Using a Web-based Survey

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the behavioral intention scale for end-of-life discussions. Methods: The scale items were developed according to the Theory of Planned Behavior. The drafts of the scale were created by Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and a preliminary test. In the main study, we administered a cross-sectional questionnaire on the web to the participants 20–79 years of age (n=860), living in Tokyo and six surrounding prefectures, and a retest one week later (n=665). We examined item analysis, calculation of a reliability coefficient (intraclass correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient), construct validity, and concurrent validity of the scale. Results: Six factors identified by an exploratory factor analysis were; outcome evaluation, perceived power, control beliefs, motivation to comply, normative beliefs, and behavioral beliefs. The alpha coefficient of the overall scale was .96. The effect size that was determined based on known-groups validity and the correlation coefficient determined on the basis of concurrent validity were moderate. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the scale were generally confirmed.

Recruitment strategies of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the recruitment strategy of blood donors under the situation of blood supply shortage during the COVID-19 epidemic. 【Methods】 The theory of planned behavior and the stage change model of behavior were used to analyze the recruitment strategy of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic. The recruitment practice strategies of some countries or regions, i. e. the United States, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union, during this period were investigated. Based on the theoretical analysis results and practical status, relevant reference strategies were proposed. 【Results】 The theoretical analysis showed that attitude, subjective norms and ethical norms played an important role in the recruitment of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic, but blood donation self-efficacy and promoting blood donation behavior were the two key factors. According to the survey, in terms of enhancing and maintaining attitudes, subjective norms, ethical norms and other elements that were jointly affected by the same strategy, most countries continued previous policies while some updated recruitment ideas. In terms of enhancing and maintaining the key elements of blood donation self-efficacy, more human and material support had been made. 【Conclusion】 During the COVID-19 pandemic, enhancing and maintaining blood donation self-efficacy and promoting blood donation behavior are the key elements to effectively improve the blood supply shortage. The blood donor recruitment strategy constructed accordingly has reference value for China.

Understanding Work-Related Intentions Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A Systematic Review (Memahami Kehendak Berkaitan Kerja Menggunakan Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Work can guarantee financial stability and quality of life, foster identity and self-confidence and ensure social wellbeing. Thus, it is vital to understand the motivation and intention to work. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has been used extensively in theory and research in a wide range of human behaviours. However, research on the efficacy of the TPB in the vocational realm remains limited. This study aims to review the applications of the TPB in work-related intention. Relevant studies were systematically searched using standardised keywords across two databases. Three hundred and sixty-six research articles (n=366) were identified, however, only seven articles (n=7) were eligible to be evaluated in this study using the Assessment for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool. All studies confirmed the efficacy of the TPB in explaining work intentions. The explained variance in intention varied from 10% (post-retirement work intention) to 59% (to work with older adults). However, the underlying core constructs of TPB namely attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) do not always altogether consistently predict the intention to work. Besides, few review studies have reported variables that are not included in TPB, such as moral obligation, identity, and tenure, which contributed to a significant amount of variance in intention. Overall, the findings of this review indicated that TPB is helpful in understanding work intention. However, further investigation is needed to estimate the extended variables’ performance in explaining intentions and to cover a broader aspect of work intentions.

Effect of intervention based on theory of planned behavior on muscle attenuation and balance of the elderly with sarcopenia / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of intervention based on theory of planned behavior on muscle attenuation and balance of the elderly with sarcopenia. MethodsFrom September, 2022 to February, 2023, 124 elderly people with sarcopenia were conveniently sampled from Lishuiwan Community and Shuxiangyuan Community in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. According to the coin toss, 62 elderly people from Shuxiangyuan Community were designated as control group, and 62 elderly people from Lishuiwan Community were as intervention group. The intervention group implemented the intervention based on the theory of planned behavior, including behavior attitude, behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and behavior awareness; the control group maintained their original lifestyle, for twelve weeks. Before and after intervention, the grip strength, time of Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, relative appendicular skeletal muscle index (RASM), 6-minute walking speed and the score of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were compared. ResultsAfter intervention, the grip strength, RASM, 6-minute walking speed, and the score of BBS significantly increased, and the time of Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test shortened in the intervention group (|Z| > 6.257, |t| > 28.643, P < 0.001), and they were better in the intervention group than in the control group (|Z| > 2.288, |t| > 3.177, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe intervention based on theory of planned behavior can effectively relieve the muscle attenuation of the elderly with sarcopenia, and improve their balance ability.

Underlying factors influencing street food vendors' implementation of food safety behaviours

This study aimed to determine the underlying factors influencing street food vendors' implementation of food safety behaviours related to food handling. A questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was applied to 303 street food vendors in Southern Brazil. Open-ended questions identified that consequences related to consumers were important factors influencing street food vendors' food safety behaviour. Also, water supply and lack of water were identified, respectively, as possible facilitators and barriers to carry out food safety behaviours such as handwashing and cleaning the shelf used to prepare food. Optimistic bias was identified and the majority of street food vendors gave positive results related to perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, attitude and behavioural intention. Improvements are needed in government regulation, infrastructure and food safety training for this sector, with measures that reflect and are adapted to the street food environment.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores subyacentes que influyen en la implementación del comportamiento de seguridad de los alimentos en la manipulación de alimentos por vendedores ambulantes de alimentos. Se aplicó un cuestionario basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado a 303 vendedores ambulantes de alimentos en el sur de Brasil. Las preguntas abiertas identificaron que las consecuencias relacionadas con los consumidores eran factores importantes que influían en el comportamiento de seguridad de los alimentos por parte de los vendedores ambulantes de alimentos. También se identificaron el suministro de agua y la falta de agua, respectivamente, como posibles facilitadores y barreras para realizar comportamientos de seguridad de los alimentos como lavarse las manos y limpiar la mesa de trabajo que utilizan para preparar los alimentos. Se identificó sesgo optimista y la mayoría de los vendedores ambulantes de alimentos dieron resultados positivos relacionados con el control conductual percibido, la norma subjetiva, la actitud y la intención de comportamiento. Se necesitan mejoras en la regulación gubernamental, la infraestructura y la capacitación en seguridad de los alimentos para el sector, con medidas que reflejen y se adapten al entorno de la comida callejera.

Factores que determinan la elección de alimentos procesados por estudiantes universitarios en el contexto de las etiquetas de advertencia nutricional

Las etiquetas de advertencia nutricional (EAN) informan a los estudiantes acerca de los alimentos procesados que exceden los niveles de nutrientes críticos. Sin embargo, aún es escasa la evidencia cómo funcionan las EAN en las decisiones alimentarias. El objetivo de esta investigación fue relacionar el efecto de las EAN en la toma de decisiones de alimentación de estudiantes universitarios, considerando los constructos de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP), carrera de formación y variables sociodemográficas. A través de un muestreo no probabilístico se entrevistaron a 384 estudiantes universitarios. El cuestionario incluyó los factores de la TCP, correspondiente a las actitud, norma subjetiva, control percibido e intención de evitar la compra de alimentos procesados con EAN, más las carreras de formación y variables sociodemográficas. Los resultados del análisis factorial y regresión múltiple identificaron los determinantes de la intención de evitar comprar alimentos procesados con EAN. Los modelos muestran una actitud negativa de los estudiantes a las EAN lo que no activa la conducta de evasión por parte de los jóvenes. Mientras que la norma subjetiva, el control percibido y la formación en carreras de salud contribuyen positivamente a la intención de evitar alimentos con EAN. Los resultados evidencian que la TCP ayuda a entender el funcionamiento de las EAN en universitarios. Sin embargo, los hallazgos sugieren utilizar herramientas comunicacionales de mediano plazo dirigidas a jóvenes sin formación en salud para que estos realicen una elección informada de alimentos procesados y así reducir enfermedades no transmisibles asociadas a los malos hábitos alimentarios.

Nutrition Warning Labels (NWLs) inform students about processed foods that exceed critical nutrient levels. However, evidence on how NWLs influence food decisions is still scarce. The objective of this research was to relate the effect of NWLs on the decision-making of university students, considering the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), university major, and sociodemographic variables. Through non-probability sampling, 384 university students were interviewed. The questionnaire included the factors of the TPB, corresponding to the attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, and intention to avoid the purchase of foods processed with NWLs, plus field of study and sociodemographic variables. Factor analysis and multiple regression results identified the determinants of the intention to avoid buying processed foods with NWLs. The models showed a negative attitude of the students to the NWLs, which did not activate avoidance behavior on the part of young people. At the same time, the subjective norm, the perceived control, and the training in health careers contribute positively to the intention to avoid foods with NWLs. The results show that the TPB helps understand the operation of NWLs in university students. However, the findings suggest using medium-term communication tools aimed at young people without health training to make an informed choice of processed foods and thus reduce non-communicable diseases associated with poor eating habits.

Factors associated with condom use behaviour among young university students / Fatores associados ao uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários / Factores asociados con el uso del condom entre jóvenes universitarios

As the rates of sexually transmitted infections among Brazilian youth rise, college students present with low rates of condom use. Understanding which factors affect preventive behaviours may assist in promoting them. This study aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model of condom use behaviour among young university students. Data on sexual behaviour, TPB, and personality variables were collected online with 343 sexually active students aged between 18 and 29. Seventy participants also provided follow-up data after 30 days. Structural equation models and ordinal regressions were used to analyse the effects of TPB variables on condom use behaviour. Attitude was the main predictor of behavioural intention in the cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Being in a relationship and lower age at sexual debut were also associated with less frequent condom use behaviour in the cross-sectional analysis. Behavioural intention and perceived control were associated with condom use behaviour. (AU)

Enquanto a incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis cresce entre jovens brasileiros, universitários apresentam pouco uso de preservativos. Compreender quais fatores afetam a adoção de comportamentos preventivos pode auxiliar na sua promoção. Esse estudo testou a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) como modelo de uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários. Foram coletados dados sobre comportamento sexual, TCP, e personalidade em questionário online com 343 estudantes sexualmente ativos entre 18 e 29 anos de idade. Setenta participantes também responderam ao follow-up após 30 dias. Modelos de equações estruturais e regressões ordinais foram usados para analisar os efeitos das variáveis da TCP no uso de preservativo. Atitude foi o principal preditor da intenção comportamental nos modelos transversal e longitudinal. Estar em um relacionamento e menor idade na primeira relação sexual também foram associados a uso menos frequente de preservativo na análise transversal. Intenção comportamental e controle percebido foram associados com uso de preservativo. (AU)

Mientras la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual aumenta entre los jóvenes brasileños, los estudiantes universitarios reportan poco uso de preservativos. Comprender qué factores inciden en la adopción de conductas preventivas puede ayudar en su promoción. Este estudio probó la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP) como modelo de uso de preservativos entre jóvenes universitarios. Los datos sobre comportamiento sexual, TCP y personalidad fueron recopilados en un cuestionario en línea con 343 estudiantes sexualmente activos entre 18 y 29 años. Setenta participantes también respondieron al seguimiento después de 30 días. Se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y regresiones ordinales para analizar los efectos de las variables de TCP sobre la utilización del condón. La actitud fue el principal predictor de la intención en los modelos transversal y longitudinal. Estar en una relación y una edad más temprana en la primera relación sexual se asociaron con el uso menos frecuente de preservativo en el análisis transversal. La intención conductual y el control percibido se asociaron con el uso de condones. (AU)

Prevalence of Tobacco Abuse among Support Staff and Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program in terms of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tobacco Abuse

Tobacco is one of the most widely abused drugs in the world making it leading cause of preventable death. A two-phase study was done to identify the prevalence of tobacco abuse and to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice among the support staff in a selected hospital in New Delhi. During phase-I of the study, 200 support staff were selected based on total enumeration sampling technique. Structured tools containing socio-demographic variables, prevalence assessment tool, knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale, and practice scale were administered as a pre-test. During phase-II of the study, administration of the planned teaching programme was done for all the 200 support staff. A post-test was conducted for 66 tobacco abusers identifi ed during phase-I of the study based on the prevalence. The study results revealed that the prevalence rate of tobacco abuse among the support staff was 33 percent. Out of this 33 percent of the tobacco abusers, 26.5 percent were smokeless tobacco users and 6 percent were smoking tobacco abusers. The mean difference of pre-test and post-test knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were found out to be 2.95, 1.99, and 0.69 respectively. The planned teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge score of the tobacco abusers but there was no effect of PTP on attitude and practice score. The demographic variables such as age, sex, gender, educational qualifi cation, marital status, and monthly income were found to be signifi cantly associated with tobacco abuse among the support staff

Peripartum Hysterectomy: Is There Any Difference Between Emergency and Planned Surgeries? / Histerectomia periparto: Existe alguma diferença entre as cirurgias de emergência e planejada?

Abstract Objective To compare the outcomes of emergency and planned peripartum hysterectomies. Methods The present retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared according to emergency and planned peripartum hysterectomies. Results A total of 34,020 deliveries were evaluated retrospectively, and 66 cases of peripartum hysterectomy were analyzed. Of these, 31 were cases of planned surgery, and 35 were cases of emergency surgery. The patients who underwent planned peripartum hysterectomy had a lower rate of blood transfusion (83.9% versus 100%; p=0.014), and higher postoperative hemoglobin levels (9.9±1.3 versus 8.3±1.3; p<0.001) compared with the emergency hysterectomy group. The birth weight was lower, although the appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (Apgar) scores were higher in the planned surgery group compared with the emergency cases. Conclusion Planned peripartum hysterectomy with an experienced team results in less need for transfusion and improved neonatal outcomes compared with emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados das histerectomias periparto de emergência e planejada. Métodos Este estudo transversal retrospectivo foi realizado em dois hospitais. Os resultados maternos e neonatais foram comparados de acordo com as histerectomias periparto de emergência e planejada. Resultados Um total de 34.020 partos foram avaliados retrospectivamente, e 66 casos de histerectomia periparto foram analisados. Destes, 31 eram casos de cirurgias planejadas, e 35, cirurgias de emergência. As pacientes que foram submetidas à histerectomia periparto planejada tiveram uma taxa menor de transfusão de sangue (83,9% versus 100%; p=0,014), e níveis mais elevados de hemoglobina pós-operatória (9,9±1,3 versus 8,3±1,3; p<0,001) em comparação com o grupo de histerectomia de emergência. O peso ao nascer foi menor, embora as pontuações na escala de aparência, frequência cardíaca, irritabilidade reflexa, tônus muscular, e respiração (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration, Apgar, em inglês) fossem maiores no grupo da cirurgia planejada em comparação com os casos de emergência. Conclusão A histerectomia periparto planejada com uma equipe experiente resulta em menos necessidade de transfusão e melhora os resultados neonatais em relação à histerectomia periparto de emergência.

Path analysis of the effect of irrational beliefs on the structures of the planned behavior model in the field of physical activity / Análise do caminho do efeito das crenças irracionais nas estruturas do modelo de comportamento planejado no campo da atividade física

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to path analysis of the hypothesized model of the irrational beliefs on the constructs of the planned behavior model, in particular the physical activity intention, and also the prediction of the physical activity intention based on the constructs of irrational beliefs. 320 male and female students of Semnan Province were randomly selected and completed Planned Behavior and Irrational Beliefs (Ahwaz) questionnaires. A path analysis model was used to analyse the relationships between variables and calculate the direct and indirect structural effects. Also, multiple regression analysis was used to predict theoretical constructs of planned behavior using irrational beliefs dimensions. The results indicated that the hypothesized model is not in accordance with the data of this study and direct effect of irrational beliefs on subjective norms is not meaningful. By eliminating the effect of irrational beliefs on subjective norms and adding the effect of subjective norms on perceived behavioral control, a new model was obtained that was fitted with the data. Also, the results show that two variables of Demand for approval and problem avoidance were significant predictors of physical activity intention. The results of this study showed that irrational beliefs, both directly and indirectly (through attitudes and perceived behavioral control), have an effect on the physical activity intention. Therefore, it is important to reduce the irrational beliefs in order to develop the intentions of physical activity and the physical activity itself.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar a análise do modelo hipotético das crenças irracionais sobre os construtos do modelo de comportamento planejado, em particular a intenção de atividade física, e também a predição da intenção de atividade física com base nos construtos de crenças irracionais. 320 estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino da província de Semnan foram selecionados aleatoriamente e completaram os questionários de Gordon (2008) e Irrational Beliefs (Ahwaz) 2005. Um modelo de análise de caminho foi utilizado para analisar as relações entre as variáveis e calcular os efeitos estruturais diretos e indiretos. Além disso, a análise de regressão múltipla foi usada para prever construções teóricas de comportamento planejado usando dimensões de crenças irracionais. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo hipotético não está de acordo com os dados deste estudo e o efeito direto das crenças irracionais sobre as normas subjetivas não é significativo. Ao eliminar o efeito das crenças irracionais sobre as normas subjetivas e adicionar o efeito das normas subjetivas sobre o controle comportamental percebido, foi obtido um novo modelo que foi ajustado aos dados. Além disso, os resultados mostram que duas variáveis ​​de demanda por aprovação e evitação de problemas foram preditores significativos da intenção de atividade física. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as crenças irracionais, tanto direta quanto indiretamente (por meio de atitudes e controle comportamental percebido), afetam a intenção de atividade física. Portanto, é importante reduzir as crenças irracionais a fim de desenvolver as intenções de atividade física e a própria atividade física.

Effect of health education based on theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model on patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of health education based on theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model on negative emotion, psychological flexibility and quality of life in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to December 2021, 108 chemotherapy patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College and had anxiety or depression that scores was greater than 7 in any dimension of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were selected as the study subjects. The study subjects were divided into observation group ( n=46) and control group ( n=48) by random digits table method. Routine care was implemented in the control group. The observation group implemented health education based on the theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model intervention. The HADS scale was used every 4 weeks to assess negative emotion in both groups. In observation, patients with negative emotion relief stop the next stage of nursing intervention, and patients without relief continue the next stage of higher intensity nursing intervention. Results:Before the intervention, there were no significant difference in the scores of negative emotion, psychological flexibility and quality of life between the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of all dimensions of negative emotion and the total score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance ( t=4.86, 3.19 and 4.53, all P<0.05). After the intervention the scores of psychological flexibility and quality of life dimensions and the total score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences had statistical significance (t values were -6.01--2.89, all P<0.05). After the intervention, there was no significant difference in the remission rate of negative emotions between the clinical observation stage of the observation group and the concurrent control group ( P>0.05). The remission rates of guided self-help, problem-solving therapy, psychological or drug therapy and total negative emotions in the observation group were 38.46%(15/39), 33.33%(8/24), 6/16 and 78.26%(36/46), respectively, which were higher than those in the control group, and the differences had statistical significance ( χ2 values were 7.04 - 13.80, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Health education based on the theory of planned behavior combined with stepped care model can effectively alleviate the negative emotions of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and improve psychological flexibility and quality of life.