Ganhos em expectativa de vida ao nascer no Brasil nos anos 2000: impacto das variações da mortalidade por idade e causas de morte / Gains in life expectancy at birth in Brazil after the year 2000: the impact of mortality variations by age and cause of death

Resumo A expectativa de vida ao nascer é um indicador sintético de mortalidade que reflete as condições gerais de vida de uma população. A variação da mortalidade por idade e causas gera mudanças não explícitas na análise simples do indicador. A aplicação de um método que decomponha a variação da expectativa de vida pode ajudar a melhor entender o fenômeno. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a contribuição dos grupos etários e causas de morte na variação da expectativa de vida ao nascer de homens e mulheres, a partir da aplicação do método de decomposição de Pollard aos dados brasileiros de 2000 e 2010. Foram utilizadas as tábuas de mortalidade disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e os dados de óbitos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Os resultados mostram que o grupo etário que mais contribuiu para o aumento da expectativa de vida foi o dos menores de 1 ano de idade. Dentre as causas definidas, as doenças cardiovasculares foram as responsáveis pelo maior acréscimo à média de anos de vida dos brasileiros.

Abstract Life expectancy at birth is a synthetic mortality indicator that reflects the general living conditions of the population. Changes in mortality by age and causes of death generate no explicit changes in the indicator. The application of a decomposition method can bring light to the analysis of the phenomenon. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of age groups and causes of death in the variation in life expectancy at birth, for men and women, from 2000 to 2010, by applying Pollard's decomposition method. Brazilian life tables were obtained from IBGE and death data from SIM. The results indicate that the age group that most contributed to the increase in life expectancy was of less than 1 year old. Among the defined causes, cardiovascular diseases were responsible for the largest increase in life expectancy.

Comparison of the Pollard Method and the MRI Dimensions for Meniscal Sizing in Koreans / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the Pollard method for meniscal sizing of the meniscal allograft by comparison with the MRI dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The width and length of 50 medial and lateral menisci were measured and compared using the Pollard method and MRI. The meniscal thickness was measured using MRI and we evaluated the individual differences. RESULTS: The measurements of the width of the medial meniscus and the length of the lateral meniscus using the Pollard method and MRI were similar (p=0.459, p=0.108, respectively). However, the measurements of the length of the medial meniscus and the width of the lateral meniscus using MRI were significantly higher that those measured using the Pollard method (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively). The medial and lateral meniscal thicknesses were 6.26+/-0.86 mm and 6.47+/-0.84 mm, respectively, and there was no significant individual difference. CONCLUSION: The measurements of the length of the medial meniscus and the width of the lateral meniscus, using the Pollard method and on MRI had significant differences. The Pollard method must be modified for meniscal sizing.