Comparison between charged aerosol detector and evaporative light scattering detector for analysis of sugar in Zhusheyong Yiqi Fumai and study on accuracy of methods / 中国中药杂志

Evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) and charged aerosol detector(CAD) methods were established in this study for the content determination of four kinds of sugars in Zhusheyong Yiqi Fumai(YQFM), and the factors affecting the accuracy of CAD methods were discussed. HPLC-ELSD chromatographic separation was performed on a Shodex Asahipak NH2 P-50 column with acetonitrile-water(75∶25)as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1), drift tube temperature of 80 ℃. The analysis by HPLC-CAD was performed on the same column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1), a neb temperature of 45 ℃, and power function(PF) of 1.3. The samples of YQFM were detected by ELSD and CAD respectively. It was found that YQFM was composed of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. The linear relationship of the two methods was good, and the recoveries, reproducibility and stability of these four kinds of sugars measured by the two methods satisfied the requirements of methodology. Both CAD and ELSD detectors were accurate and reliable in detecting saccharides components in YQFM. In addition, it was revealed in this study for the first time that the PF parameter of CAD had an important influence on the accuracy of sugar determination and acted as the key parameter of CAD method. It was also found that for CAD, a non-linear detector, there was no significant difference between the results of linear regression and logarithmic regression.

Using psychophysical tools to quantify body image perception: a tutorial / Usando ferramentas psicofísicas para quantificar a percepção da imagem corporal: um tutorial / Utilizando herramientas psico-física para cuantificar la percepción de imagen corporal: un tutorial

This article presents a tutorial about two protocols that can be used to measure an individual's perception of body image, direct and indirect , and which follow S.S. ( Stevens 1951) methods. Two psychophysical task approaches illustrate the ability of individuals to quantify body image distortions. We selected psychophysical tasks that indirectly assess a participant's behavioral component of body image (i.e., satisfaction tendencies about body image); and second, the cognitive component of body image (i.e., individuals' perceptual accuracy in magnitude estimation tasks, which depend on a familiarity with interval scales and the use of numbers and ratios to represent physical dimensions of stimuli). We determined individuals' perceptual sensitivity (i.e., his or her perceptual style ) to manipulations of the body's size by using Stevens' power function ( Stevens, 1951).

Este artigo apresenta um tutorial sobre dois protocolos que podem ser usados para medir a percepção de imagem corporal, direta e indiretamente , com base nos métodos de S.S. ( Stevens 1951). Duas abordagens psicofísicas ilustram a capacidade dos indivíduos para quantificar as distorções da imagem corporal. Nós selecionamos tarefas psicofísicas que avaliam indiretamente o componente comportamental da imagem corporal do participante (ou seja, tendências de satisfação sobre imagem corporal); e segundo, o componente cognitivo da imagem corporal (ou seja, precisão perceptual nas tarefas de estimativa de magnitude, que dependem de uma familiaridade com escalas de intervalo, e com o uso de números e proporções para representar dimensões físicas dos estímulos). Determinamos a sensibilidade perceptual dos indivíduos (ou seja, seu estilo perceptual) em tarefas de manipulação do tamanho do corpo, usando a função de potência de S.S. Stevens ( Stevens, 1951).

Este artículo presenta un tutorial en dos protocolos que pueden utilizarse para medir la percepción de imagen corporal, directa e indirectamente , con base en métodos de S.S. ( Stevens 1951). Dos enfoques físicos ilustran la capacidad de los individuos para cuantificar las distorsiones de la imagen corporal. Hemos seleccionado las tareas psico-físicas que evalúan indirectamente el componente conductual de la imagen corporal del participante (es decir, tendencias de satisfacción sobre imagen corporal); y en segundo lugar, el componente cognitivo de la imagen corporal (es decir, precisión perceptiva en las tareas de estimación de magnitud que dependen de una familiaridad con las escalas de intervalo, y con el uso de los números y proporciones para representar dimensiones físicas de los estímulos). Determinar la sensibilidad perceptual de los individuos (es decir, su estilo perceptual ) en tareas de manipulación del tamaño corporal, usando la función de potencia de S.S. Stevens ( Stevens, 1951).

Screening of amount of humectant (glycerin) for eczema cream / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimum amount of humectant (glycerin) in eczema cream to solve the water loss and cracking problem during storage. METHODS: Eight eczema cream samples with different dosages of glycerol were prepared. The percentage of water loss was determined, and the dynamic equations at different temperatures for different times were established. The constant of water loss rate was calculated, the speed of water loss was compared for the eight samples with the method of test for grade consistency, and the optimal amount of humectant (glycerin) was determined. RESULTS: The mathematical expressions for the samples at different temperatures all complied to power function model, and the constant of water loss rate was the slope of the equation. The rating tended to be consistent, which indicated that there were significant differences in the water loss rate constants of the samples at different temperatures (P < 0.05). The grade summation of Ri and moisturizing effect tended to top when the dosage of moisturizer (glycerin) was 13.6% in eczema cream. CONCLUSION: The optimal amount of glycerol in eczema cream is 13.6% with the lowest water loss in the temparature range of 25-65℃.