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Objetivo. Analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas preventivas de la población peruana femenina sobre VIH-SIDA según Encuesta Demográfica y De Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2013-2017. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional Demográfica En Salud (ENDES) continua 2013-2017. Las variables dependientes fueron los conocimientos, las actitudes y las practicas preventivas frente a la enfermedad. Resultados: Los departamentos con mayor conocimiento alto fueron para el 2013: Tumbes (26,7%) y Ucayali (26,7%), Tacna (23,5%), Junín (19,1%), Lima (19,0%) y Lambayeque (18,7%), y para el año 2017 se encontró mayor conocimiento alto en: Callao (16,8%), Tacna (16,4%), Tumbes (16,0%) y Lambayeque (16,0%), Lima (15,6%) e Ica (13,1%). El mayor porcentaje de conocimiento alto (>80%) del grupo etario fueron 30-34 años para el año 2013 y 2017, y 40-44 años para el año 2014, 2015, 2016. El tipo de lugar de residencia fue el Urbano; y Rural en el año 2014. La región natural fue Lima Metropolitana. El lugar de residencia habitual fue la Capital. El nivel educativo fue el nivel postgrado, y Superior- Universitario para el año 2017. El estrato socioeconómico fue el Muy rico. La pregunta con mayor porcentaje de acierto de conocimientos respondida con mayor frecuencia fue la numero 11º ¿Conoce algún lugar donde se realiza la prueba para el VIH? La pregunta con menor porcentaje de acierto de actitudes fue la numero 5 º Si un médico tiene infección por VIH, ¿se le debe permitir que siga con su trabajo en el establecimiento de salud?'. La pregunta con menor porcentaje de acierto de prácticas fue la número 1º ¿Uso de condón en su última relación sexual?'. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la población peruana femenina sobre VIH-SIDA según Encuesta Demográfica y De Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2013-2017 más frecuente es el conocimiento medio, las actitudes adecuadas se ubican en el percentil 63% en su mayoría, y las practicas preventivas globales son incorrectas.
Objetive. To analyze the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of the Peruvian female population on HIV-AIDS according to Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2013-2017. Material and methods: The results of the National Demographic Survey on Health (ENDES) continued 2013-2017 were used. The dependent variables were knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices against the disease. Results: The departments with the highest knowledge were for 2013: Tumbes (26.7%) and Ucayali (26.7%), Tacna (23.5%), Junín (19.1%), Lima (19.0 %) and Lambayeque (18.7%), and by 2017, higher knowledge was found in: Callao (16.8%), Tacna (16,4%), Tumbes (16.0%) and Lambayeque (16.0%), Lima (15,6%) and Ica (13.1%). The highest percentage of high knowledge (> 80%) of the age group were 30-34 years for 2013 and 2017, and 40-44 years for 2014, 2015, 2016. The type of place of residence was the Urban; and Rural in 2014. The natural region was Metropolitan Lima. The usual place of residence was the Capital. The educational level was the postgraduate level, and Higher-University level for 2017. The socioeconomic stratum was the Very rich. The question with the highest percentage of correctness of knowledge answered most frequently was the number 1º, Do you know where the HIV test is performed? The question with the lowest percentage of correct attitude was the number 5º If a doctor has infection due to HIV, should he be allowed to continue his work in the health facility? The question with the lowest percentage of practice success was number 1º Used Condom use in your last sexual relationship?. Conclusions: The knowledge of the Peruvian female population on HIV-AIDS according to Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2013-2017 is the most common knowledge, the appropriate attitudes are located in the 63% percentile, and the practices Global preventives are incorrect.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La Malaria es una enfermedad de importancia epidemiológica, la cual ha tenido un repunte en los últimos años en el Estado Bolívar. Al ser potencialmente mortal, es vital la elaboración de estrategias preventivas basadas en los conocimientos y prácticas comunitarias. Objetivos: Identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados con la malaria y comparar con hallazgos de otras áreas endémicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal en la región de Maniapure del 28 al 31 de agosto del 2018. Se aplicó un cuestionario de 30 preguntas de respuestas cerradas. Los resultados fueron presentados según su frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Resultados: Se entrevistaron a 77 jefes de familia, de los cuales 63,64 % (n=49) refirió tener antecedente de malaria y 38,96 % (n=30) conoció a alguien que haya fallecido en su comunidad por esta. En cuanto a conocimientos, 79,22 % (n=61) sabe que la enfermedad se adquiere por la picadura de un mosquito, 51,95 % (n=40) cree que se transmite por el agua y 97,4 % (n=75) asocia la fiebre como síntoma principal. A nivel de actitudes y prácticas, el 92,21 % (n=71) acudiría al médico para tratar la enfermedad, 62,34 % (n=29) mantiene los canales y zanjas limpias y 70,13 % (n=54) usa mosquitero y/o repelente. Conclusión: El área de Maniapure se ubica en una región endémica, y al tratarse de poblaciones susceptibles con diferente trasfondo cultural, se deben elaborar planes educativos individualizados orientados a la prevención, y evaluar su impacto en la práctica.
Introduction: Malaria is a disease with public health significance, with an increase in the last years in Bolivar State. As a potentially life-threatening infection, the development of preventive strategies based on community knowledge and practices is necessary. Objectives: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria and compare it with findings from other endemic areas. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Maniapure region from August 28 to 31, 2018. A questionnaire of 30 questions with closed answers was applied. The results were presented according to their absolute and relative frequency. Results: 77 family leaders were interviewed, of which 63.64 % (n=49) reported having a history of malaria and 38.96 % (n=30) knew someone who had died in their community from it. About knowledge, 79.22 % (n=61) knew that the disease is acquired by a mosquito bite, 51.95 % (n=40) believed that it's transmitted through water, and 97.4 % (n=75) associate fever as the main symptom. In relation to attitudes and practices, 92.21 % (n=71) would go to the doctor to treat the disease, 62.34 % (n=29) kept the channels and ditches clean and 70.13 % (n= 54) used a mosquito net and/or repellent. Conclusion: Maniapure is located in an endemic region, and since they have susceptible population with different cultural backgrounds, individualized educational plans (focused on prevention) should be elaborated, as well as test the impact in practices.
RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Lower limb neuropathy is one the complications of diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of lower limb amputation. Hence information and self-care advice should be provided to primary healthcare patients to prevent this condition. Objective: To explore insulin users' knowledge of foot self-care. Methods: This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted at a Family Health Unit Curitiba-PR of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. The study sample comprised 63 insulin users. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Results: Although they reported performing self-care activities, 67% (n = 42) of insulin users declared that they had never received any information on foot self-care. Conclusion: The adherence to self-care practices shown by respondents and the patient empowerment observed in this study indicate the effectiveness of the information on diabetes self-care imparted to patients registered at this health care unit in contributing to the promotion of quality of life.
Resumo Introdução: A neuropatia de membros inferiores é uma das complicações do Diabetes Melittus e também a maior causa de amputação dos membros inferiores. Neste sentido, a orientação para o autocuidado deve ser enfatizada na abordagem ao usuário da atenção primária, com vista à prevenção deste agravo. Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento de usuários acerca da prática do autocuidado com os pés. Métodos: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada em uma Unidade de Saúde inserida no Programa de Saúde da Família situada no município de Curitiba-PR. A amostra consistiu em 63 usuários e a coleta de dados se procedeu por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado. Resultado: Verificou-se que 67% (n = 42) dos usuários não recebem a informação sobre os cuidados com os pés, embora indicaram em suas respostas realizar o autocuidado. Conclusão: Observou-se adesão à prática e empoderamento dos usuários, o que sugere a efetividade da informação passada por esta Unidade de Saúde relacionada ao autocuidado do diabético, o que acarreta em promoção de qualidade de vida do indivíduo.