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Background: This study was designed to determine the level of knowledge and the extent of practice of the components of essential new-born care (ENC), and the effects of a training programme on the knowledge and practice of ENC among nurses in rural primary health cares (PHCs) in Ebonyi state Nigeria. Methods: This study was a one group pre-test and post-test intervention design. The components of ENC considered were: New-born initiation of breastfeeding, thermoregulation, new-born cord care, newborn eye care, initiation of breathing and administration of vitamin K. A neonatal care knowledge and practice assessment (NCKPA) questionnaire tested for validity and reliability, with a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.81, was used for data collection among the (48) available nurses (All female). Results: There was significant improvement in the level of knowledge and extent of practice of the components of ENC following the training programme. Despite the improvement, there were gaps in knowledge and practice of the components of ENC amongst the nurses in rural PHCs and affected were the level of knowledge of eye care 20 (41.6%) pre-intervention, and least knowledge of cord care 35 (72.9%) and eye care 45 (93.8%)-post-intervention. Conclusions: Increase in knowledge corresponded with increase in good practice of ENC. The concern with knowledge transfer and translation of knowledge into practice could be achieved by pre-service and in-service education, update courses and workshops, and this will empower the nurses, getting them familiar with current trends and practices for improved child survival rate.
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Background: Hand wash morale is changing among health workers and, despite many efforts; it is not always possible to achieve lasting improvement. Considering the fact that today’s preschoolers are tomorrow’s health workers, hand washing is one of the habits that should be strictly acquired earlier in life. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hand washes morale among preschoolers can be improved by introducing a regular educational program. Methods: As a part of the collaboration between the County Hospital and an urban kindergarten, we have developed an interactive educational program that involves both health professionals and kindergarten teachers. The program disseminated information about hand washing and hand hygiene through children’s stories, songs, video films, hand washing puzzles, and board games. Kindergarten teachers held the training sessions twice a week. Before and after the introduction of the program, we examined the children’s hand washing patterns using a UV light kit. Results: Before the introduction of the educational program, only 12.3% of children were able to wash their hands properly. This figure increased to 44.3% after the introduction of the interactive educational program. There were no significant differences between boys and girls, neither in the pre-intervention nor in the post-intervention phase. Conclusions: Hand wash morale for preschool children can be improved through regular interactive educational programs. Through these, children can be induced to compete among themselves to have a cleaner hand. In our opinion, this can be transformed into a multiplier that needs to be further strengthened in the elementary school.
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Objective To observe the effect of pre-intervention with electroacupuncture on oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reaction after hepatectomy under portal occlusion.Method Thirty patients going to receive hepatectomy under Pringle's portal occlusion were randomized into an electroacupuncture group and a sham electroacupuncture group, 15 cases each. Three days prior to the surgery, the patients started to receive corresponding acupuncture or sham electroacupuncture treatment by selecting bilateral Riyue (GB24), Qichong (ST30) and Yanglingquan (GB34), once a day. The anesthesia method was general (inhalational and intravenous) anesthesia. Central venous blood was drawn before the surgery, and respectively 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the surgery to examine the OS-relatedparameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10.Result Compared to the sham electroacupuncture group, the SOD activity significantly increased (241±11.4 U/mL,180±12.6 U/mL,P0.05).Conclusion Pre-intervention with electroacupuncture can up-regulate the activity of SOD and down-regulate the level of MDA in patients after hepatic portal occlusion, and thus partially reduce OS, but it doesn't shownoticeable effecton inflammatory response.
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Objective To identify the influencing factors for rural doctors′ training effect,and suggest on the improvement of such training.Methods On the basis of rural doctors′ survey,the theory of pre-intervention was used to probe into the influencing factors for such training in five dimensions of attention notice,mega-cognitive strategies,advance organizer,goal orientation,and preparatory information.Results 73.2% of the groups were found with satisfying effect.In the single factor analysis,comparison of training effect involving such factors as age,gender,length of work life and pre-intervention revealed statistical significance(P<0.05).As shown in the logistic regression analysis,High motivation in meta-cognitive strategies,Clear goals in goal orientation,Tiered and categorized training in advance organizers,and Practical learning in preparatory information,as well as variants like age would influence rural doctors′ training effect significantly.Conclusions The key to better training effect lies in better motivation of the trainee,setting correct training goals,emphasis on the practicability of training contents and,the pertinence of the training objects.