RESUMEN
Sepsis is caused by maladjustment of host response to infection, resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction, which is equivalent to infection + sequential organ failure score (SOFA) > 2 scores, and it is the out of control of the host's responses to infection leading to an imbalance of the pro-inflammatory-anti-inflammatory responses. In recent years, besides the antibiotics, etiological treatment, fluid resuscitation and organ functional support, there has been no single adjuvant therapy for sepsis. The focus of previous treatments has been on immunosuppression, however immune paralysis induced by sepsis was playing an increasingly important role in the processes of patient's disease onset and death, leading to a shift in the field of research to enhancing immune responses. Therefore, it is crucial to identify a septic patient with a severely suppressed or hyperactive immune system, and accurately monitor both immune and therapeutic responses. This review outlines the advances and challenges of precision immunotherapy in patients with sepsis.