Inventario de Conductas Infantiles en preescolares: propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Conductas Infantiles (CBCL/1. 5-5) y del informe del cuidador/educador (C-TRF) en preescolares chilenos / Psychometric properties of the Child Behavior Checklist and the caregiver /teacher report form in Chilean preschoolers

El Inventario de Conductas Infantiles 1.5-5 años (CBCL/1.5-5 por su acrónimo en inglés) y el informe del cuidador/educador (C-TRF por su acrónimo en inglés), son de los instrumentos más ampliamente reconocidos internacionalmente para evaluar conductas desadaptativas que pueden afectan el desarrollo presente y futuro de niños y niñas preescolares. Se evaluó el comportamiento psicométrico de ambos instrumentos en una muestra diversa socioeconómicamente de 550 preescolares chilenos. En general, ambos mostraron un comportamiento psicométrico análogo al obtenido con estudios en otras sociedades. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron un ajuste adecuado del modelo bifactorial original. Sin embargo, en el CBCL/1.5-5 los puntajes obtenidos son más altos que en la mayoría de los países y, comparativamente, en ambos instrumentos, se observó un mayor efecto de género. Se analizan los hallazgos obtenidos, y se dan sugerencias normativas y conceptuales para el empleo de ambos instrumentos en niños y niñas preescolares en nuestro país.

The child Behavior checklist/1.5-5 and the caregiver/teacher report Form are one of the most widely internationally recognized instruments to evaluate desadaptative behaviors which may affect the current and future development of preschool children. The psychometric behavior of both instruments was evaluated in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 550 chilean preschool children. In general, it was observed an analog behavior of both compared to the one obtained with studies in other societies. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a suitable adjustment of the original bifactor model. However, in the CBCL, the scores obtained are higher than in most of the countries and, comparatively, in both instruments, a greater effect of gender was observed. The findings obtained are analyzed and, normative and conceptual suggestions are given for the use of both instruments in preschool children in our country.

Research Expanding Current Understandings of Bullying in Sweden / Investigación para ampliar el entendimiento del matoneo en Suecia / Pesquisa sobre a expansão do conhecimento atual do bullying na Suécia

This paper discusses the on-going research on the phenomenon of bullying in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Stockholm University. The paper describes the reasons, and how to contribute with an understanding of bullying as a social group phenomenon, and specifically focuses on inductive ethnographic and cyberethnographic approaches toward peer-to-peer interactions in schools, preschools and on the Internet. The understanding of this phenomenon is based on a Swedish interdisciplinary approach which includes children's perspectives. The objective is to explore bullying as a complex social group phenomenon which allows for a focus on the process of bullying, thus creating an opportunity for the enhancement of the understanding of inter- and intra-connected actions and perspectives. This article is intended to contribute to a discussion on a broadening of the conceptualization of the phenomenon of bullying.

Este documento plantea la investigación permanente sobre el fenómeno de matoneo en el Departamento de Estudios de Niñez y Juventud de la Universidad de Estocolmo. El documento describe las razones, y cómo contribuir con el entendimiento del matoneo como un fenómeno de un grupo social, y específicamente se enfoca en el empleo de etnografía inductiva y ciber-etnografía hacia las interacciones entre pares en los colegios, preescolar y en Internet. La comprensión de este fenómeno se basa en un enfoque interdisciplinario sueco que incluye las perspectivas de los niños. El objetivo es explorar el matoneo como un fenómeno de grupo social complejo, que permite un enfoque en el proceso de matoneo, y por tanto creando una oportunidad de ampliar el entendimiento de acciones y perspectivas inter e intra- conectadas. La intensión de este artículo es contribuir a la discusión de ampliar la conceptualización del fenómeno del bullying.

Este artigo discute a pesquisa em curso sobre o fenômeno do bullying no Departamento de Estudos da Criança e da Juventude na Universidade de Estocolmo. O documento descreve as razões, e como contribuir com a compreensão do bullying como um fenômeno social de grupo e, especificamente, enfoca-se em abordagens etnográficas e cyber-etnográficas indutivas sobre interações entre pares em escolas, pré-escolas e internet. A compreensão deste fenômeno está baseado numa abordagem interdisciplinar sueca que inclui a perspectiva das crianças. O objetivo é explorar o bullying como um fenômeno social complexo de grupo que permite enfocar o processo de bullying criando, assim, uma oportunidade para melhorar o conhecimento das ações e perspectivas inter e intra-conectadas. Este artigo tem a intenção de contribuir para uma discussão sobre a ampliação da conceptualização do bullying.

Assessment of the quality of childcare centres in the Colombo Municipal Council area.

Background: There are 2 dimensions of childcare quality: process and structure. The interactions, activities, materials, learning opportunities, health and safety routines refer to process quality. Structural quality includes the group size, adult-child ratio and professional training of staff. No large scale studies are available on the quality of Sri Lankan childcare centres. Objectives: To assess the quality of preschool and day care centres in the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) area and to evaluate how structural inputs and cost influence the process quality. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study Method: Process quality was assessed using the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale-Revised. The cost and structural quality was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Overall process quality was mediocre, with 25% preschools being of poor quality and 6% being of good quality. Over half the centres did not have appropriate number of staff. Eighty percent of child groups were larger than appropriate. Only 8% of centres were led by a graduate. Of the teachers, 90% had preschool teacher training. Smaller student groups cared for by a higher number of staff had significantly higher process quality. Better quality preschools cost more. Conclusions: The quality of care provided by childcare centres in the 6 Medical Officer of Health areas of CMC area was mediocre.

Estado de salud bucal en preescolares con sobrepeso de Concepción, Chile / Oral health condition in overweight preschoolers Concepción, Chile

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública en nuestro país, con una tendencia que ha ido en aumento en los últimos años; la malnutrición por exceso incluye a niños con sobrepeso y obesos y debido a la relación causal entre consumo de carbohidratos refinados y caries, se plantea que la malnutrición por exceso podría ser un indicador para caries en preescolares. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado de salud bucal en preescolares con diagnóstico de malnutrición por exceso, determinando índices ceo e higiene oral, según género; analizando frecuencia de cepillado y dieta. La muestra fue 20 niños perteneciente al CESFAM Víctor Manuel Fernández de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile, con diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad. Se realizó un examen oral, con revelado de placa bacteriana, encuesta dietética y registro de frecuencia de cepillado. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney. El índice ceo fue de 2,67 (D.S. +/- 1,87) para los niños y de 5,1 (D.S. +/- 2,64) para las niñas, revelando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para la muestra. El Índice de higiene oral no presentó diferencias significativas, con promedios de 1,83 (D.S. +/- 0,5) para los varones y de 1,98 (D.S. +/- 0,36) en las niñas. Al analizar dieta y +/-frecuencia de cepillado no hubo diferencias significativas.

Obesity is a public health problem in Chile nowadays. Excess malnutrition includes children that are overweight and obese. There is a causal relationship between refined carbohydrate consumption and cavities. We propose that excess malnutrition could be an indicator for cavities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health in preschool children with excess malnutition diagnosis, determining ceo indexes and oral hygene, gender, and analyzing frecuency of tooth brushing and diet. Data from 20 children from CESFAM Víctor Manuel Fernández in Concepción, Chile were collected. Oral examination was performend on all children, with plaque revelation, diet survey and registration of tooth brushing frequency. Statistic analysis was done by the U de Mann-Witney non parametric test. Ceo index was 2.67 (SD +/- 1.87) for boys, and 5,1 (SD +/-2.64) for girls, showing significant statistic difference in oral hygiene index, dietary habits and tooth brushing frequency showed no significant differences between groups.

Cárie dentária em crianças de municipio sem fluoretação da água, 2004 / Dental caries in children of city without water fluoridation, 2004

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as condições de saúde bucal em pré-escolares, em relação à cárie e necessidade de tratamento em um município sem fluoretação da água de abastecimento do estado de São Paulo (Analândi), em 2004. Examinaram-se 43 crianças de 5 anos e 46 de 12 anos. Por se tratar de um município de pequeno porte, todas as crianças matriculadas em escolas publicas do município foram examinadas. Os exames seguiram critérios da OMS, como adaptações para atividade de cárie. Quanto aos livres de cárie, estes corresponderam a 25,6% dos pré-escolares e 15,2% dos escolares. 46,5% dos pré-escolares e 34,8% dos escolares apresentam atividade de cárie. O ceod aos 5 anos foi de 4.1 (IC95%=2,9-5,3) e o CPOD aos 12 anos foi de 3,6 (IC95%=2,9-4,3). O percentual de dentes restaurados foi de 68,6% aos 5 anos e de 66,9% aos 12 anos. Em relação as necessidades de tratamento, aos 5 anos a maior indicação foi de restaurações de duas ou mais superfícies (47,4%); aos 12 anos,77,5% necessitavam de selantes. Sugere-se que medidas de prevenção de nível popular sejam intensificadas, uma vez que as medidas de controle e paralisação de cárie em seus estágios iniciais são bem conhecidas.

The objective this study was know the conditions of oral health in preschools and schoolchildren, in relation to the dental caries and treatment needs of in a city without fluoridation of the public water supply of the state of São Paulo, in 2004. 43 childre of 5 year-old and 46 schoolchildren of 12 year-old were examined. This study examined all of the enrolled children in public schools of the municipal district were during the work. The exams followed the WHO criteria, with adaptations for dental caries activity. In relation to the caries free, these corresponded to 25.6% of the preschools and 15.2% of the schoolchildren who was examined. 46.5% of the preschool and 34.8% of the schoolchildren presented dental caries activity. The dmft was of 4,1 (IC95%=2.9-5.3) and DFMT was of 3.6 (IC95%=2.9-4.3). The ft was 68.6% to 5 year-old and of 66.9% to 12 year-old. In relationship the treatment needs, the largest indication in the preschools was of restorations of two or more surfaces (47.4%) and in the schoolchildren 77.5% needed selantes. It suggests that measured of prevention to be intensified in this population once the control measures and stoppage of the dental caries in their initial stages are very known.