Pagando o preço de governar: custos de gerência de coalizão no presidencialismo brasileiro / Pagando el precio de gobernar: costos del manejo de coalición en el presidencialismo brasileño / The price of governing: coalition management costs in Brazil's presidential system

Resumo Este artigo analisa os efeitos das estratégias do presidente de como gerir sua coalizão sobre os custos de governar ao longo do seu mandato. Foi desenvolvido um Índice inédito de Custo de Governo (ICG) considerando as transferências políticas e monetárias feitas pelo presidente aos partidos da sua coalizão. O ICG foi calculado a partir de análise de componentes principais. As relações entre as variações de estratégias de gerência e seus custos foram estimadas por meio de um painel não balanceado em primeiras diferenças, tendo como variável dependente o ICG e como variáveis explicativas o tamanho da coalizão, a heterogeneidade ideológica e a alocação proporcional de poder entre parceiros. Os resultados indicam que coalizões grandes, ideologicamente heterogêneas e desproporcionais tendem a ser mais caras ao longo do tempo. As decisões presidenciais de como gerenciar suas coalizões influenciam os custos de governo, mesmo controlando por aspectos exógenos, como fragmentação partidária na Câmara dos Deputados e popularidade presidencial. Além disso, gastar mais recursos políticos e financeiros com os aliados da coalizão não significa necessariamente maior apoio político no Legislativo.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los efectos de las decisiones presidenciales del manejo de la coalición en los costos para gobernar. Se utiliza el análisis de componentes principales para crear el Índice de Costo de Gobierno (ICG) y se utiliza un panel de primeras diferencias para estimar la relación entre el índice y las variables de gestión de la coalición: el tamaño de la coalición, la heterogeneidad ideológica y proporcionalidad de poder con aliados. Los resultados indican que coaliciones demasiado grandes, desproporcionadas y ideológicamente heterogéneas tienden a ser más costosas a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados también sugieren que las decisiones presidenciales sobre cómo manejar las coaliciones influyen en los costos, aún controlando por las limitaciones exógenas como fragmentación partidaria y popularidad presidencial. Además, gastar más recursos políticos y financieros con los aliados de la coalición no implica necesariamente un mayor apoyo político para el Presidente en el Congreso.

Abstract: This paper examines the effects of a president's coalition management decisions on the costs of governing. An innovative Governing Costs Index (GCI) was developed, taking into consideration political and financial transfers made by the president to coalition parties. GCI is calculated employing a principal component analysis. The relationship between the variations on the management strategies and the costs were estimated using a first-differences panel. GCI was considered as the dependent variable and the coalition size, ideological heterogeneity, and cabinet proportionality among partners as the explanatory variables. Results indicate that large, ideologically heterogeneous coalitions and disproportional cabinets tend to be more expensive over time. The results also suggest that presidential decisions about how to manage coalitions influence governing costs in important ways, even when controlling exogenous constraints like party fragmentation at the Congress and presidential popularity. In addition, spending more political and financial resources with coalition allies does not necessarily lead to greater political support for the president in the Congress.

The key point of public hospital reform:Based on the investigation and research of public hos-pital presidents / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To understand the concerns and attitudes of large public hospital presidents in China to-wards the main hospital reform measures.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 200 randomly selected third-class public hospital presidents to learn the managers,perspectives on public hospital reform.Results:The most concerned problem for public hospital presidents was increasing government investment,and the number of followers accounted for 83.7%;the least concerned problem for public hospital presidents was implementing clinical pathway, and the number of followers accounted for only 19.7%.The hospital presidents believed that the government invest-ment should account for 50.8%of the total hospital income,and 55.1% of the hospital presidents thought that the government should invest in public hospitals in the way of project investment.82.0%of the hospital presidents as-sumed that the lack of increase in income was the main factor affecting the active participation of medical staff in hos -pital reform,and only 14.5% hospital presidents were satisfied with their current income level.Conclusion: The presidents of tertiary public hospitals are most concerned with the reform measures related to the operation of hospital. The hospital presidents are were also concerned about the compensation system reform,and the reform on responsibil-ity and rights of hospital presidents.Therefore,public hospital reform should establish a scientific and rational medi-cal service price system and a long-term government investment mechanism, and establish a job performance based compensation system to mobilize the enthusiasm of medical personnel of medical industry,and clarify the power and responsibility of hospital presidents,and the implementation of public hospital management autonomy.

Election Pledge and Policy Tasks of President Moon Jae-in in Healthcare Sector / 보건행정학회지

On May 10, 2017, Moon Jae-in's Government launched. The election pledges of Moon's Government in healthcare sector were extracted from those of president election camp and Democratic Party. The main pledges were enhancing the coverage of healthcare costs, management of healthcare costs for elderly, restructuring the health insurance contribution system, and improving the public nature of healthcare system. There are many policy tasks to realize the electoral pledge, especially, financial task is main. The National Planning and Advisory Committee are setting the policy priorities and making the detailed plans. Although this paper deals the initial evaluation of main election pledges, the precise evaluation is needed for the final plan of healthcare policy.

Role of the president of a research hospital in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Discussions in the paper on the role of the president of research hospitals in China probe into such ten aspects as hospital strategy,discipline construction,system operation,span of management,financial operation,marketing,quality management,legal compliance,executive capacity and hospital culture. Results of the study provide references for major challenges faced by these presidents.

Practices and insights on building the corporate governance structure / 中华医院管理杂志

An retrospective review of the 16-year reforms made by Dongyang People's Hospital for building a corporate governance structure, implementing the president responsibility system under the board of directors, and consolidating the independent legal person status of hospitals. Practices made in the hospital prove that a well-functioning corporate governance structure is key to the separation of hospital administration from service, that of hospital management from operation, and that of hospital ownership from operation right. Moreover, it also serves as an effective model for consolidating the independent legal person status of public hospitals, and promoting their sustainable development, in an effort to carry out reforms in such hospitals.

Cidadania e educação ambiental / Citizenship and environmentaleducation

O artigo analisa eventos políticos, ambientais e pedagógicos ocorridos durante o primeiro governo Lula (2002-2006) e alega que houve uma crise ética e política que provocou o esfacelamento da representação de cidadania construída no movimento de resistência na ditadura militar (1964-2004). Diante desse fato questiona o papel da educação ambiental como educação política cujos principais fundamentos são a cidadania e a ética. Aponta alguns dos desafios para a de formação de uma nova geração de educadores ambientais.

This article examines the political, ecological and educational facts of President Lula's first term (2002-2006) and argues that there was a political and ethical crisis that weakened the representation of citizenship built by social movements during the struggle against dictatorship (1964-1984). Considering this, it questions the role of environmental education as political education, of which the principal fundamentals are citizenship and ethics, indicating some of the challenges for forming a new generation of environmental educators.

Features and Implications of Fund-raising Activities Initiated by University Presidents during the Period of Republic of China——Take the Nankai University,Yanjing University and Southeast University for example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

During the period of Republic of China,the presidents of Nankai,Yanjing,and Southeast Universities raised funds actively from society under the condition of the shortage of the Government funding.The fund-raising was considered to be the most important activities in all of the work in three universities.They got enormous donations from the society and made a great success to the university.Today,university presidents still face the problem of lacking money.However,they attribute it mainly to the lacking financial supporting from the government.The fund-raising behaviors of the former presidents may give us some good inspirations for our modern university developments.

Practice and Experience about the Effect of Administration Intervention on Clinical Medication in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the new model and feasibility of the combination of ward round conducted by business president and pharmaceutical administration.METHODS:The organization form,procedures,content and experience of ward round conducted by business president were introduced based on the practice of our hospital.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The pharmaceutical ward rounds conducted by business president are carried out once a month in our hospital to intervene irrational medication by means of medication survey,administration intervention and education with guidance and supervision of rational use of drug as core.Multi-disciplinary cooperation is effective measure for improving rational use of drug.It can strengthen public perception on rational use of drug in all areas by enhancing experience at key point which is worth of spreading.

Reminiscence of the Early Period of the Foundation of Korean Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

As a founding president of the Korean Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, I would like to look back on not only the quickening period of the association that was thirteen years ago but also on its early works and activities. This association was founded in 1994 in order to improve mental health of the aged in Korea and to help them live with dreams and ambitions. Starting with forty two members, the association has developed as one of the biggest associations, where approximately four hundred out of 2,221 psychiatrists in Korea are enrolled as regular members. In addition, it has made an eye-opening progress in terms of education, research and treatment. I hope that with the advent of an aged society, our association will play an influential role in helping the aged live creatively with hope and dignity by carrying out a psychogeriatric subspecialist system and by paying endless attention to their mental health.

Reminiscence of the Early Period of the Foundation of Korean Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

As a founding president of the Korean Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, I would like to look back on not only the quickening period of the association that was thirteen years ago but also on its early works and activities. This association was founded in 1994 in order to improve mental health of the aged in Korea and to help them live with dreams and ambitions. Starting with forty two members, the association has developed as one of the biggest associations, where approximately four hundred out of 2,221 psychiatrists in Korea are enrolled as regular members. In addition, it has made an eye-opening progress in terms of education, research and treatment. I hope that with the advent of an aged society, our association will play an influential role in helping the aged live creatively with hope and dignity by carrying out a psychogeriatric subspecialist system and by paying endless attention to their mental health.