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The health impacts and economic burdens associated by work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become an important issue in the field of occupational health. Compared with developed countries, we should more systematically carry out in-depth research and practice on occupational ergonomics, comprehensively understand ergonomic factors and their characteristics, and strengthen the intervention and health risk assessment of ergonomic risk factors in key workplaces based on specific production conditions of different industries, so as to prevent and control the occurrence and development of WMSDs. This article introduced the concept, signs, symptoms, risk factors, and currently identifiable site-specific WMSDs. This column presented new research progress from the aspects of ergonomic load assessment methods, the prevalence and related risk factors of WMSDs in different trades, and ergonomic intervention of WMSDs, aiming to provide reference and basis for future research.
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Abstract In early childhood education, socio-emotional learning is not always considered with appropriate planning nor based on scientific evidence. Aiming to analyze impact of an Emotional Regulation (ER) Intervention in school achievement and social skills (SS), fifty-five children from public schools were evaluated by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), School Achievement Test (TDE) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR). After nine 50-minute meetings addressing ER strategies, evaluation of SS by the teacher indicated improvement in all aspects of SS in Intervention Group (IG) and worsening of the self-control in Comparison Group (CG). Self-evaluation of SS showed that IG overcame the initial difference in assertiveness and problem avoidance. Results suggest that ER programs can bring benefits to the development of SS.
Resumo Aprendizagem socioemocional nem sempre é contemplada, com devido planejamento e embasamento científico, na educação infantil. Avaliou-se impacto de intervenção de Regulação Emocional (RE) no desempenho escolar e Habilidades Sociais (HS) de 55 crianças de escolas públicas, utilizando-se Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (CPM), Teste de Desempenho Escolar e Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR).Após nove encontros de 50 minutos abordando estratégias de RE, avaliação de HS pelo professor indicou melhora em todos os aspectos de HS noGrupo Intervenção (GI) e piora no autocontrole no GrupoComparação (GC). Autoavaliação de HS mostrou que GI superou diferença inicial na assertividadee evitação de problemas. Os resultados sugerem que programas de RE podem trazer benefícios para o desenvolvimento das HS.
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Se presenta la contribución del "Programa Habilidades para la Vida" a las prácticas de prevención de salud mental adolescente en escuelas de Chile. Se evalúa la intervención preventiva del programa, en particular observando si adolescentes que asistieron al taller preventivo (N = 212) muestran cambio en las variables desadaptación escolar (DE) y disfunción psicosocial (DP), según su asistencia y la de sus padres. El diseño fue expost facto, longitudinal prospectivo, con mediciones pre y post. El análisis consideró ANOVA de medidas repetidas y pruebas t para muestras relacionadas. Los resultados indican disminución en algunos factores de riesgo asociados a DE y la estabilidad de la DP de los adolescentes. Se discuten las implicancias de este estudio para la ciencia preventiva y las políticas públicas.
This paper shows the contribution of "Skills for Life Program" to prevention practices adolescent mental health in schools in Chile. Study included a sample of adolescents (N = 212) who participated in the preventive intervention of the program. The goal was to examine changes in variables of school maladjustment (SM) and psychosocial dysfunction (PD) based on their attendance and their parents to the preventive intervention. Design was ex-post-facto, longitudinal prospective, pre and post measurements. Analysis considered repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for related samples. Results indicate a decrease in risk factors associated with SM and PD stability of adolescents. Study implications will be discussed for preventive science and public policy.
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Adolescente , Salud Mental , ChileRESUMEN
The definition and diagnostic threshold of early caries have been changed to even earlier stage of subclinical level in recent years. This article tries to introduce the significant changes in the area of caries research, including the raise of the concept, the diagnostic standard, the problems and challenges facing, the interference and the treatment effect assessments of early stage subclinical caries. The prospect of the research is discussed as well to enhance the level of awareness and diagnosis and interference capability.
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La depresión unipolar es una de las patologías con mayor prevalencia en las sociedades occidentales. Los factores de riesgo son múltiples y muchos de ellos prevenibles. Sin embargo, en España no se toma demasiado en serio la planificación de la prevención primaria de la depresión. Concluimos que dicha situación tiene diversas motivaciones políticas y académicas. Las dos son superables, si se toma en serio la prevención de la depresión.
Unipolar depression is one of the most common illnesses in western society. There are multiple risk factors and many of them are preventable. However, planning of primary prevention of depression is not taken very seriously in Spain. We conclude that there are various political and academic reasons for this situation. They both can be overcome if we take prevention of depression more seriously.