Salud ocupacional con énfasis en la protección del trabajador/a en Paraguay / Occupational health with emphasis on the protection of workers in Paraguay

Esta revisión en salud ocupacional con énfasis en la protección del trabajador/a del Paraguay tiene por objeto dar una mirada desde la historia para comprender la relación entre los sistemas de protección social, las coberturas en riesgos profesionales, los determinantes sociales, y la salud ocupacional, además de la importancia de la cobertura de estos riesgos, y la situación en Paraguay en referencia a estas coberturas en los diferentes sectores económicos y categorías ocupacionales como el empleado privado, el del sector público y el trabajador por cuenta propia. También se analiza el papel de los diferentes organismos del estado y las legislaciones vigentes, finalizando con las futuras legislaciones y los cambios necesarios para asegurar una protección eficaz en riesgos profesionales para los trabajadores y trabajadoras del país.

This review on occupational health with an emphasis on the protection of workers in Paraguay aims to take a look from history to understand the relationship between social protection systems, occupational risk coverage, social determinants and occupational health, also the importance of coverage of these risks, and the situation in Paraguay in reference to these coverage in the different economic sectors and occupational categories such as the private employee, the public sector and the self-employed. It also analyzes the role of different state agencies and existing legislation, ending with future legislation and the necessary changes to ensure effective protection of occupational risks for workers in the country.

Investigation on Doctors Occupational Safety and Risk Prevention and Control Mechanism---Taking Beijing Middle-aged and Young Medical Workers as Example / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To define doctors professional risk connotation , the scientific judgment doctors profes-sional risk fact , seek medical professional risk guard against and dissolve the long -term mechanism , maintaining safety and legitimate rights and interests of the doctor′s body and mind .Methods:Using doctor -patient relation-ship as the research background , adopts the questionnaire survey , through the survey data analysis of the correla-tion between the doctor-patient relationship and the doctor professional risk , on the basis of the young workers , for example , the empirical research doctors professional risk existing conditions and the reality .Results:The doctor-patient relationship nervous career anxiety and unease , doctor of job burnout and the harm done by the profession itself, complicated medical environment cannot effectively solve the doctor occupational safety crisis , institutional arrangements and the prevention and control mechanism is not reasonable career crisis .Conclusion:The govern-ment should strengthen the professional risk management system design and the prevention and control institutions and hospitals to strengthen the construction of professional risk management and prevention and control system , the doctor should promote occupational consciousness of risk prevention and control and doctor -patient communication ability, the society should strengthen professional risk management and the prevention and control of environmental regulation .

Conhecimento dos anestesiologistas da cidade do Recife com relação aos riscos potenciais no centro cirúrgico - estudo transversal / Knowledge of anaesthesiologists in Recife with respect to potential risks in the operating room-cross-sectional study / Conocimiento de los anestesistas de la ciudad de Recife con relación a los riesgos potenciales en el quirófano - estudio transversal

Objetivos: o cuidado com a saúde deve ser um ato seguro e livre de eventos adversos. Todavia, na prática diária se observa exposição excessiva a fatores que põem em risco a saúde do profissional. O centro cirúrgico sobressai como um dos locais em que o profissional envolvido está mais vulnerável. O anestesiologista faz desse ambiente o seu local de trabalho e convive com seus agravantes potenciais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento dos anestesiologistas da cidade do Recife acerca das diversas situações de risco do seu ambiente de trabalho. Método: estudo tipo corte transversal, no qual foram aplicados questionários estruturados, preenchidos pelo próprio anestesiologista de forma voluntária e anônima, para avaliar o conhecimento acerca dos riscos potenciais no centro cirúrgico. Os dados foram analisados com o programa software Epi Info versão 7. Resultados: responderam ao questionário 162 anestesiologistas, 38,02% dos cadastrados na Cooperativa de Anestesiologistas de Pernambuco. Desses, 3,7% leram o manual da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH) da sua instituição de trabalho e 40,74% optaram acertadamente pela opção diretor técnico como o responsável por assegurar condições adequadas de trabalho. Do total, 5,56% afirmaram existir monitoração do índice de poluição anestésica nos centros cirúrgicos. Apenas 1,85% da amostra foi submetido à triagem periódica para tuberculose. Ao analisar a situação hipotética de contaminação com paciente portador de hepatite C, apenas 43,83% sabiam não haver profilaxia efetiva após exposição. Conclusão: campanhas educativas devem ser feitas para melhorar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde e esclarecer direitos ...

Objectives: the health care should be a safe act, free of adverse events. However, in daily practice an excessive exposure to factors that endanger the health of the professional is observed. The surgical center stands out as one of the sites where the professional involved is more vulnerable. This environment is the anaesthesiologist's workplace, and this professional must deal with its potential complicators. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of anaesthesiologists in Recife on various situations of risk in the workplace. Method: a cross-sectional study in which structured questionnaires, completed voluntarily and anonymously by the anesthesiologist itself, were applied to assess the knowledge of the potential risks in the operating room. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7. Results: a total of 162 anaesthesiologists responded to the questionnaire, 38.02% of these professionals registered at Cooperative of Anaesthesiologists of Pernambuco. Of these, 3.7% read the manual of the Committee on Hospital Infection Control (Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar) of their institution and 40.74% chose the correct option, "technical director", as responsible for ensuring proper working conditions. Of the total, 5.56% stated that the anaesthetics' pollution index in the operating theater was monitored. Only 1.85% of the sample was subjected to periodic screening for tuberculosis. By analyzing the hypothetical situation of contamination with a patient with hepatitis C, only 43.83% knew that there is no effective post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: educational campaigns should be implemented to improve the knowledge of health professionals and clarify institutions and professionals' rights and duties. .

Objetivos: El cuidado de la salud debe ser un acto seguro y libre de eventos adversos. Sin embargo, en la práctica diaria, se observa una exposición excesiva a factores que ponen en riesgo la salud del profesional. El centro quirúrgico destaca como uno de los lugares en que el profesional involucrado es más vulnerable. El anestesista convierte ese ambiente en su lugar de trabajo y convive con sus agravantes potenciales. Este estudio quiso evaluar el conocimiento de los anestesistas de la ciudad de Recife sobre las diversas situaciones de riesgo de su ambiente de trabajo. Método: Estudio de tipo corte transversal, en el cual se aplicaron cuestionarios estructurados rellenados por el propio anestesista de forma voluntaria y anónima, para evaluar el conocimiento acerca de los riesgos potenciales en el quirófano. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa software Epi Info versión 7. Resultados: Respondieron al cuestionario 162 anestesistas, el 38,02% de los registrados en la Cooperativa de Anestesistas de Pernambuco. De ellos, un 3,7% leyeron el manual de la Comisión de Control de Infección Hospitalaria (CCIH) de su institución de trabajo y un 40,74% optaron acertadamente por la opción director técnico como el responsable de garantizar las condiciones adecuadas de trabajo. Del total, un 5,56% afirmaron que existía una monitorización del índice de contaminación anestésica en los quirófanos. Solamente un 1,85% de la muestra se sometió a la selección periódica para tuberculosis. Al analizar la situación hipotética de contaminación con el paciente portador de hepatitis C, solamente un 43,83% sabían que no había profilaxis efectiva posterior a la exposición. Conclusión: Se deben realizar campa˜nas educativas para mejorar el conocimiento de los profesionales de salud y clarificar los derechos ...

Occupational exposure and prevention guidelines in dental and stomatological settings - a literature review

A review of the main infectious pathogens potentially transmissible to health care professionals during Dentistry and Odonto-Stomatological procedures is carried out, with particular attention focused on parenteral exposure in the dental, stomatological, and surgical environment. Epidemiological issues and specific risk factors are treated systematically based on available literature sources, together with all available, recommended chemo-prophylactic and immune-prophylactic strategies, as updated by the state of the art in this field.

Professional Risk and Risk Avoidance in Clinical Pharmacist / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the professional risks of Chinese clinical pharmacists.METHODS:The source and avoidance of professional risks for clinical pharmacists were analyzed on the basis of current practice and literatures.RESULTS:Lack of clarity in duties and rights of clinical pharmacists,undefined criteria for evaluation of their works were among the main causes of their professional risks.CONCLUSION:It is essential to renew and implement the related regulations and guidelines on clinical pharmaceutical practice to minimize the professional risks,which should be responded both by the authority and professionals.

Discussion of Professional Risk Minimization in Clinical Pharmacy Service / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the risk in clinical pharmacy service in order to provide reference for Chinese hospitals in both guarding against and reducing risk.METHODS:This study adopted a classified method to set forth the tactics on re?ducing risk of both organization and individual person in clinical pharmacy practice after analyzing the risk factors.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:It is important for the working personnel who engage in clinical pharmacy work to heighten their con?sciousness of risk and to strengthen managing it.

Approaches and Methods for Medical Staff to Avoid Professional Risks in Clinical Practice / 中国医学伦理学

Empirical research showed that when medical disputes arise,the emergence of that damage must be due to the fault of either party,while everyone ignored the unforeseen,difficult-to-prevent and ubiquitous occurrence of medical professional risk,and the fact that the professional risk can also occur when no party makes mistake in medical events.It is of particular importance to explore ways to avoid medical professional risks,to allow medical staff in a safer,less risk condition,and meanwhile throw themselves wholeheartedly into the cause of life-saving career.