Evaluación de los riesgos ocupacionales asociados a indicadores bioquímicos en conductores profesionales / Evaluation of occupational risks associated to biochemical indicators in professional drivers

Introducción: en el campo de la Seguridad y Salud Laboral, el transporte por carretera sigue enfrentándose a una serie de condicionantes. La implantación de actuaciones en materia preventiva en las empresas del sector se viene realizando de una manera gradual, impulsada por el interés de las administraciones estatales y autonómicas, empresarios y trabajadores, y sus organizaciones respectivas. Objetivo: evaluar ergonómicamente los principales riesgos asociados a dicha actividad. Materiales y métodos: la evaluación consta de tres fases: la identificación y evaluación de riesgos a que están sometidos los conductores profesionales, la valoración de patologías potenciales asociadas a la actividad, la identificación de indicadores bioquímicos comprometidos con la actividad. Resultados: se destaca en la primera fase los accidentes de tránsito, los períodos largos de conducción sin descanso y las características de la vía. La segunda fase se desarrolla a partir de un reconocimiento médico y una encuesta para conocer las patologías potenciales, señalándose a los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos, la diabetes, los trastornos gastrointestinales y las alteraciones cardiovasculares como las de mayor presencia. En la tercera y última fase se analizan los indicadores bioquímicos: colesterol, glucosa, triglicéridos y apolipoproteína B. Finalmente se muestran las causas que pudieran condicionarlos, así como algunos elementos que deben ser considerados para minimizar su influencia en la salud de los conductores. Conclusiones: como resultado de la evaluación se determinaron los principales riesgos ergonómicos y se reafirma el criterio existente de considerar que las profesiones estresantes comprometen a diversas estructuras somáticas y sensoriales, cuyas manifestaciones son medibles y permiten inferir el desgaste sufrido por el organismo (AU).

Introduction: in the field of Occupational Security and Health, highway transportation is still affronting a series of conditionings. The implantation of preventive actions in transport enterprises is been taking place gradually, forced by the interest of government and autonomic administrations, businessmen and workers and their respective organizations. Aim: to evaluate ergonomically the main risks associated to driving. Materials and Methods: the evaluation has three stages: the identification and assessment of the risks professional drivers are at, the assessment of potential pathologies associated to the activity, the identification of bio-chemical indicators involved in the activity. Outcomes: driving long periods without break and highway’s characteristics stood out in the first stage. The second stage is developed beginning from a medical examination and a survey to know the potential pathologies, being the musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders the ones with higher presence. In the first and last stage biochemical indicators are analyzed: cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. Finally, the causes that may condition them are showed, and also several elements that should be considered to minimize their influence on drivers´ health. Conclusions: the main ergonomic risks were determined as a result of the assessment and it also was reaffirmed the existent criteria of considering that stressing professions compromise several somatic and sensorial structures, the manifestations of which are measurable and allow to infer the burnout the organism suffered (AU).

Considerações acerca da incidência do estresse em motoristas profissionais / Considerations concerning the incidence of the stress in professional drivers

O trabalho dos motoristas profssionais tem sido analisado sob diversas formas. Entre eles, o tema estresse merece destaque por converte-se em riscos internos para a saúde física-mental e/ou em riscos externos, como agressividade e impulsividade na atuação profssional. Este estudo focaliza a incidência de estresse nos motoristas profssionais da região metropolitana do Recife. Foi aplicado um Questionário Avaliativo de Sintomas Característicos de Estresse em 60 motoristas profssionais. Os resultados indicam predominância de sintomas da presença de estresse no comportamento emocional destes motoristas. Sugerem-se novos estudos para enriquecer aspectos teóricos e metodológicos das pesquisas sobre estresse, já que esses são discutidos de maneira diversa e fluida na literatura científca.

The work of the professional drivers has been analyzed under diverse forms. The subjects as stress deserve prominence for are become into internal risks for the physics-mental health and/or into external risks, as aggressiveness and impulsiveneness in the professional performance. This study it focuses the incidence of stress in the professional drivers of the region metropolitan of Recife. Questionnaire Evaluate de Characteristic Symptoms of Stress in 60 professional drivers was applied. The results indicate predominance of symptoms of the presence of stress in the emotional behavior of these drivers. New studies are suggested to enrich theoretical and metodológicos aspects of the research on stress, since these are argued in diverse and fluid way in scientifc literature.