Variations of glucose content in Massa Medicata Fermentata during processing based on quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance / 中国中药杂志

A quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance(qHNMR) method was established to determine the glucose content in commercially available Massa Medicata Fermentata(MMF) products and explore the variations of glucose content in MMF products during processing. The qHNMR spectrum of MMF in deuterium oxide was obtained with 2,2,3,3-d_4-3-(trimethylsilyl) propionate sodium salt as the internal standard substance. With the doublet peaks of terminal hydrogen of glucose with chemical shift at δ 4.65 and δ 5.24 as quantitative peaks, the content of glucose in MMF samples was determined. The glucose content showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.10-6.44 mg·mL~(-1). The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery for determination were all less than 2.3%. The glucose content varied in different commercially available MMF samples, which were associated with the different fermentation days, wheat bran-to-flour ratios, and processing methods. The glucose content in MMF first increased and then decreased over the fermentation time. Compared with the MMF products fermented with wheat bran or flour alone, the products fermented with both wheat bran and flour had increased glucose. The glucose content of bran-fried MMF was slightly lower than that of raw MMF, while the glucose content in charred MMF was extremely low. In conclusion, the qHNMR method established in this study is simple, fast, and accurate, serving as a new method for determining the glucose content in MMF. Furthermore, this study clarifies the variations of glucose content in MMF during processing, which can not only indicate the processing degree but also provide a scientific basis for revealing the fermentation mechanism and improving the quality control of MMF.

Analysis on Chemical Characteristics of Lycii Fructus in Qinghai Province Based on 1H-NMR Plant Metabolomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The chemical differences of Lycii Fructus samples from Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces were compared based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) plant metabolomics. Method:A total of 97 Lycii Fructus samples from five provinces were collected, including 61 samples in Qinghai, and extracted by 50% methanol for detecting. 1H-NMR spectra were obtained and compared by multivariate statistical analysis for investigating the chemical differences of samples from Qinghai and other production areas. And the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides in all samples was determined with the wavelength of 490 nm (calculated by anhydrous glucose). Result:A total of 32 chemical components were detected in the Lycii Fructus extract by 1H-NMR. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference among the samples from five provinces. The difference between Lycii Fructus from Qinghai and Ningxia, as well as the samples among the six regions of Qinghai province were relatively small. The similarity values of the majority of samples were >0.85. Univariate analysis showed that no significant difference was observed for the most metabolites in Lycii Fructus collected from five provinces, except for sucrose, glucose, proline and so on. There was no significant difference in the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides between Qinghai and other provinces. And the correlation coefficient between the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides and the small molecular compounds identified by 1H-NMR was -0.2-0.4. Conclusion:In this study, chemical characteristics of Lycii Fructus in Qinghai province are analyzed from the holistic view by 1H-NMR plant metabolomics, in combination of polysaccharide determination, and the results show that there is no significant difference between samples from Qinghai and other four provinces. The quality evaluation method based on 1H-NMR established in this study can provide scientific basis for improving quality control level and selecting planting areas of Lycii Fructus.

Urine metabonomics of colorectal cancer based on 1H-NMR and pattern recognition / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To characterize the biomarkers of urine samples for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)combined with pattern recognition.Methods 400 MHz 1H-NMR was used to test the urine samples obtained from 23 patients with Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage CRC,40 healthy controls (HC)and 18 patients with esophageal cancer (EC). Pattern recognition through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)was applied on 1H-NMR data to find urine metabolic differences between CRC and HC.Results OPLS-DA could effectively determine HC,patients withⅠ/Ⅱstage CRC and patients with esophageal cancer.Compared with HC,early stage CRC had significant decreases of choline,isocitric acid,lactamine,phenylalan, cysteine,creatinine,aspartic acid,hippurate acid,methylamine,dimethyl sulfone,and increases of acetoacetate,glutamine,glycocyamine,cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate,homocycteine in the urine samples.Conclusion Urine metabonomics based on NMRIndicates that glucose metabolism,amino acid metabolism,choline metabolism,energy metabolism and intestinal microflora are disturbance in colorectal cancer patients,which provide valuable metabolic information on the molecular level for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Determinación rppida y precisa del contenido dehidrógeno en mezclas de hidrocaarburos por rmn ¹h / Fast and precis determination of the hydrogen content in hydrocarbon mixtures by ¹h nmr / Determiaçâo rápiida e pecisa do conteúdo de hidrogênio em misturas de hidrocarbonetos por rmn de ¹h

Se presentan y discuten resultados de la determinación de hidrógeno en mezclas de hidrocarburos y de fracciones pesadas de petróleo por integración de las señales en sus espectros RMN ¹H de alta resolución. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de cuantificar de manera rápida y precisa el hidrógeno en 37 fragmentos estructurales, además del hidrógeno total en la muestra, mediante aplicación de intervalos de integración unificados. A diferencia de los métodos publicados en la literatura, la determinación de hidrógeno es posible con menor cantidad de muestra en disolución, con corto tiempo de reciclado, d1, sin ajustes estrictos de temperatura ni adición de agente de relajación o uso de algún estándar de cuantificación externo.

The results from the quantification of hydrogen content in hydrocarbon mixtures and heavy petroleum fractions by integration of the signals in their high resolution ¹H NMR spectra are presented and discussed. The results show the possibility of fast and precise quantification of hydrogen in 37 structural fragments, in addition to the total hydrogen in the sample by application of unified integration intervals. In contrast to the literature procedures, the hydrogen measurement is possible with less amount of sample in solution, with low pre-scan times, d1, with no strict temperature control, without the addition of any relaxation agent, and avoiding the need of an external reference.

São apresentados e discutidos os resultados da determinação de hidrogênio em misturas de hidrocarbonetos e de frações pesadas de petróleo por integração dos sinais nos seus espectros de RMN de ¹H de alta resolução. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de quantificar com rapidez e precisão o hidrogênio em 37 fragmentos estruturais, além do hidrogênio total na amostra, aplicando intervalos de integração unificados. Ao contrário dos métodos publicados na literatura, a determinação de hidrogênio é possível com uma quantidade menor de amostra em solução, com tempo de espera para reciclagem, d1, curto, sem ajustamento rigoroso da temperatura nem adição de agente de relaxação ou uso de algum padrão de quantificação externo.

A proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics study of metabolic profiling in immunoglobulin a nephropathy

OBJECTIVES: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is the most common cause of chronic renal failure among primary glomerulonephritis patients. The ability to diagnose immunoglobulin A nephropathy remains poor. However, renal biopsy is an inconvenient, invasive, and painful examination, and no reliable biomarkers have been developed for use in routine patient evaluations. The aims of the present study were to identify immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients, to identify useful biomarkers of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and to establish a human immunoglobulin A nephropathy metabolic profile. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients who were not using immunosuppressants. A pilot study was undertaken to determine disease-specific metabolite biomarker profiles in three groups: healthy controls (N = 23), low-risk patients in whom immunoglobulin A nephropathy was confirmed as grades I-II by renal biopsy (N = 23), and high-risk patients with nephropathies of grades IV-V (N = 12). Serum samples were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by applying multivariate pattern recognition analysis for disease classification. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy controls, both the low-risk and high-risk patients had higher levels of phenylalanine, myo-Inositol, lactate, L6 lipids ( = CH-CH2-CH = O), L5 lipids (-CH2-C = O), and L3 lipids (-CH2-CH2-C = O) as well as lower levels of β -glucose, α-glucose, valine, tyrosine, phosphocholine, lysine, isoleucine, glycerolphosphocholine, glycine, glutamine, glutamate, alanine, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and 1-methylhistidine. CONCLUSIONS: These metabolites investigated in this study may serve as potential biomarkers of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Point scoring of pattern recognition analysis was able to distinguish immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients from healthy controls. However, there were no obvious differences between the low-risk and high-risk groups in our research. These results offer new, sensitive and specific, noninvasive approaches that may be of great benefit to immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients by enabling earlier diagnosis.

1H NMR spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis for metabonomic study on serum of HBV patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To characterize the metabolite composition (i. e., metabonome) of the serum samples from chronic hepatitis B patients by using nuclear magnetic resonance 1H (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA). Methods The 1H NMR sepctra were obtained for the serum samples from 8 healthy controls and 20 chronic hepatitis B patients, and the spectra data were analyzed by PCA to demonstrate the metabonomic changes. Results We found that there were evident differences in metabonomics between the healthy controls and chronic hepatitis B patients. The levels of lipids and glucose were significantly increased in the chronic hepatitis B patient and the levels of lactate, alanine, valine, glutamine and phosphocholine/choline were significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls (P<0. 05). Conclusion Our results indicate that the metabonomes of serum from chronic hepatitis B patients are different from those of the healthy controls. Serum 1H NMR sepctroscopy combined with PCA may offer reliable biochemistry evidence for diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B at molecular level.