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This study was carried out to establish the antidiarrhoeal and antioxidant properties of the ethanol leaf extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi in wistar albino rats. The effect of the ethanol extract on castor oil induced diarrhoea, motility of the GIT using the charcoal plug method and castor oil induced intestinal fluid accumulation in rats were evaluated. The antioxidant potential of the leaf extract was investigated by measuring its capability for scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The phytochemical constituents and the oral acute toxicity of ethanol leaf extract were also determined in rats. Generally, the ethanol leaf extract at all doses used, was found to posses significant (P<0.05) concentration dependent antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and antienteropooling activity. The leaf extract also exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannin, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavoniods and saponins. The LD50 in rats was above 5000 mg/kg. The ethanol leaf extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi has demonstrated strong antidiarrhoeal, antimotility, antienteropooling and antioxidant activities, supporting previous claims of its traditional use in the treatment of different diseases.
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Aims: This study was design to screen the stem bark extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi for the presence of phytochemical constituents and evaluate the extract for antimicrobial activity on wide range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi species. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, between April 2013 and Oct 2013. Methodology: Plant material was extracted with methanol and phytochemical screening carried out. Sequentially, the methanol extract was partitioned against chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to afford chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions respectively. All fractions were evaluated against panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi to include Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, anthraquinones, steroids/terpenes as well as alkaloids. The susceptibility test of the fractions at 30mg/ml have displayed activity against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis at zone of inhibition ranges between 20-28mm while the MIC and MBC/MFC results showed spectrum of antimicrobial activity ranges between 2.5-10mg/ml and 5-30 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: The activity of the extracts against S. pyogenes, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans, justify the traditional use of stem bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and oral infection which are diseases commonly caused by these organisms.
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Background: Malaria infection remains the most devastating infectious parasitic disease responsible for the death and economic losses among half the world’s population. The development of resistance to the present antimalarial drugs by Plasmodium species has necessitated the search for effective antimalarial drugs. The stem bark of dry zone cedar (Pseudocedrela kotschyi) Meliaceae is used locally for the treatment of fever, hence the choice of the plant to prove scientifically the traditional claim. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the stem bark extracts of P. kotschyi in mice. Methodology: One hundred and twenty grammes of the plant powder were successively extracted. A total of three hundred and sixty mice were used for the study, one hundred and twenty for each extract (ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous) and forty per each test (suppressive, curative and prophylactic). Male and female, albino mice were inoculated with drug sensitive NK 65 Plasmodium berghei berghei. In each test animals were divided into five groups, each consisted of eight animals and treated separately with one of the following: 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg extracts, chloroquine / pyrimethamine and normal saline. Blood films were prepared and examined. Results: The ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous crude extracts of P. kotschyi at 200 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the parasitaemia by 39.43%, 26.99% and 28.36% respectively in the suppressive test. Ethanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts also showed significant (p<0.05) cure rate of 29.17% and 20.28% respectively. However there was no significant (p>0.05) reduction in parasitaemia load in the prophylactic tests, indicating that the plant is probably not a potential prophylactic subject. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that P. kotschyi indeed has antiplasmodial property, which could be exploited in the search for malaria drugs in the present day scenerio.
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Aims: The study was designed to investigate the testiculo protective effects of ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on alloxan-induced testicular damage in diabetic rats. Study Design: Experimental diabetes using animal models. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, between January, 2013 and May, 2013. Methodology: Twenty male rats were divided into four groups: Group I consisted of nondiabetic rats that received only the vehicle; group II-IV was injected with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) of 150 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally; groups III and IV were given ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi orally, 3 days after the ALX administration, at daily doses of 250 and 500mg kg-1 respectively for a period of 30 days. After 4 weeks of treatments, all the rats were sacrificed. Results: Administration of 150 mg kg-1 of alloxan to male rats induced diabetes and significantly reduced the body and testicular weights, testosterone levels, sperm count and motility, significantly increased the glucose level and decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers such as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased. By contrast, rats given the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi had significantly increase (p<0.05) in body weight gain, whereas the glucose levels significantly improved (p<0.05) in treated diabetic male rats. In addition, this extract improved the reproductive system of the diabetic male rats by significantly increasing the testis and epididymis weights, testosterone levels, sperm count and motility, reduced testicular GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and significantly decreasing MDA.The extract had no deleterious effects and testicular cytoprotection damaged by ALX. Conclusion: We concluded that the treatment with the ethanolic roots extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi could reverse the adverse effects of ALX-diabetes on reproductive system of male rats which exhibits antihyperglycemic and fertility activities.
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Pseudocedrela kotschyi is used in ethnomedicinal practice for the treatment of fever, pains and inflammation. The ethanol leaf extract of the plant was investigated for antipyretic potency in rats. Yeast and amphetamine induced hyperpyrexia were used to determine the antipyretic activity. The leaf extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg i.p.), exhibited significant (P<0.05) dose dependent effect on the tested experimental animal models of pyrexia. The LD50 was established to be 775 mg/kg, i.p. in mice. The results obtained suggest that the ethanol leaf extract may be a promising agent for the treatment of pyrexia.