Adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico / Adaptación, validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en profesionales de la salud hospitalaria de México

Abstract Introduction Resilience is the capacity in which the qualities and resources of the individual help in the successful coping of adverse situations. Studying the construct of resilience requires seeing it as a process and not only a characteristic of the individual. Saavedra's resilient response is a model that fits this idea and explains resilience satisfactorily. Having a measuring instrument for health personnel working in hospitals would allow discovering its benefits as a protective factor in the workplace. Objective Adapt and validate the Resilience Scale SV-RES in hospital health professionals in Mexico. Method Based on recent research literature, including response models and modified and adapted items from the Resilience Scale SV-RES, a total of 909 health professionals responded. Distribution, factor analysis, and internal consistency tests were performed. Results The process led to a scale of 28 items grouped into six factors with an overall internal consistency of (α = .908) and 50.5% of explained variance. Discussion and conclusion The Resilience Scale SV-RES has adequate psychometric properties that make it appropriate to measure the resilience capacity of hospital health professionals in Mexico.

Resumen Introducción La resiliencia es la capacidad en que las cualidades y recursos del individuo le ayudan al afrontamiento exitoso de situaciones adversas. Se ha advertido que estudiar el concepto de resiliencia requiere verse como un proceso y no sólo como elementos característicos del individuo, un modelo que explica de manera adecuada este proceso es el modelo de respuesta resiliente de Saavedra. Contar con un instrumento que permita su medición en personal de salud hospitalario permitiría descubrir su beneficio como factor protector en el lugar de trabajo y diseñar intervenciones preventivas o remediales. Objetivo Adaptar y validar la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en profesionales de salud hospitalaria en México. Método Se tomó como base la literatura de investigación científica contemporánea, modelos de respuesta resiliente y los reactivos de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES, adaptados y modificados, a los que respondieron 909 profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron pruebas de distribución, análisis factorial y consistencia interna. Resultados Se obtuvo una escala conformada por 28 reactivos agrupados en seis factores con consistencia interna global de (α = .908) y una varianza explicada de 50.5%. Discusión y conclusión La Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas que la hacen apropiada para medir la capacidad de resiliencia en profesionales de la salud hospitalaria de México.

Ocorrência do bullying e sua correlação com as escalas psicométricas SCARED e CDI, o consumo de álcool e a automutilação em escola pública municipal de Salvador, Brasil / Bullying incidence and its correlation with SCARED and CDI psychometric scales, alcohol consumption and self-mutilation in a public school in the City of Salvador/Brazil

Introdução: bullying ocorre entre 5% e 35% dos estudantes, podendo gerar psicopatologias. Objetivos: verificar a incidência de "prática" e "vitimização" por bullying e correlações com as escalas SCARED e CDI; álcool; "pensamentos de ferir-se" e "comportamentos de ferir-se de propósito". Metodologia: foi realizado cálculo da ocorrência da forma direta de agressão em setenta e um escolares, com idade entre doze e dezessete anos, no contexto de estudo oferecendo treinamento baseado na Terapia Cognitiva Processual. Foi também calculada a correlação de Pearson e a análise de regressão linear, bem como a estatística descritiva da amostra (média e desvio padrão). Resultados: 54,93% eram meninas. Idade média: 13.92 anos. Meninos praticaram mais e meninas sofreram mais bullying. 56,35% reportaram envolvimento com agressão: 35,22% como vítimas, 21,13% como agressores e 14,09% como vítimas/ agressores. "Pensar em ferir-se" e "ferir-se de propósito" possuem correlação moderada e positiva com a prática de bullying e a escala SCARED apresentou associação fraca, mas significativa com o sofrer bullying. A análise de regressão mostrou que: 1) "pensar em ferir-se" tem possibilidade de predizer significantemente a prática de bullying e explica 15% de sua variância; 2) "ferir-se de propósito" tem potencial para predizer a prática da agressão, explicar 18% de sua variância e para predizê-la significativamente. A Scared associada com sofrer bullying explica 9% da variância e foi capaz de predizer o sofrer bullying. Não houve correlação com CDI e uso de álcool. Conclusão: a ocorrência de violência na escola é alta, sugerindo-se psicoeducação sobre bullying no ambiente escolar, tanto para os pais quanto para a população em geral.

Introduction: bullying occurs in 5% up to 35% of students, and can generate psychopathologies. Objectives: to verify the incidence of "practicing" and "suffering" bullying and correlations with SCARED and CDI scales; alcohol; "thoughts of self-wounding" and "behaviors of self-wounding on purpose." Methodology: to calculate the occurrence of the direct form of aggression in seventy-one school youngsters, aged between twelve and seventeen, in the context of a study offering training based on Cognitive Processual Therapy. Pearson's correlation was calculated, linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics of the sample (mean and standard deviation). Results: 54.93% were girls. Average age: 13.92 years. Boys practiced more and girls suffered more bullying. 56.35% reported involvement with aggression: 35.22% as victims, 21.13% as aggressors and 14.09% as victims/aggressors. "Thinking about getting hurt" and "hurt on purpose" have a moderate and positive correlation with the practice of bullying and the SCARED scale has a weak but significant association with suffering bullying. The regression analysis showed that: 1) "thinking about being hurt" has the possibility to significantly predict the practice of bullying and explains 15% of its variance; 2) "injuring oneself on purpose" has the potential to predict the practice of aggression, explain 18% of its variance, and to predict it significantly. SCARED associated with bullying, explains 9% of the variance and was able to predict suffering bullying. There was no correlation with ICD and alcohol. Conclusion: the incidence of violence within school is high, the measurement has biases and it is suggested psychoeducation on bullying in the school environment, for parents and for the population in general.

Tradução e validação para a língua portuguesa da escala de neofobia em relação à tecnologia de alimentos: food technology neophobia scale / Translation and validation to portuguese language of food technology neophobia scale

As indústrias de alimentos vêm inovando e desenvolvendo novos produtos e processamentos, e os consumidores estão mais conscientes e preocupados em relação às novas tecnologias alimentares, o que pode influenciar a aceitação dos alimentos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se disponibilizar para a língua portuguesa o questionário originalmente desenvolvido em inglês que avalia a neofobia em relação à tecnologia de alimentos, denominado Food Technology Neophobia Scale (FNTS). O instrumento original composto por treze afirmações foi inicialmente traduzido para o português por três indivíduos bilíngues, de forma independente; na sequência, as versões em português foram traduzidas novamente para o inglês por outros três indivíduos bilíngues, também de forma independente. Procedeu-se então à análise das versões e ajustes para se obter uma única versão em português com equivalência conceitual e linguística, a qual recebeu o nome de Escala de Neofobia em relação à Tecnologia de Alimentos. As versões original e traduzida foram aplicadas a 30 indivíduos bilíngues para avaliação da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade do questionário. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a tradução do instrumento foi adequada e confiável, podendo, portanto, ser empregada em estudos com consumidores brasileiros.

The food industries have been innovating and developing new products and processes.Consumers are aware and well concerned about new food technologies, which can influence food acceptance . In this context, the objective was to provide a portuguese version of the questionnaire developed in English to evaluate neophobia for food technology called Food Technology Neophobia Scale (FNTS). The original instrument consists of thirteen items and was initially translated into Portuguese by three bilingual individuals independently. Following the Portuguese versions were translated back into English by three other bilingual individuals, also independently. Analysis of versions and adjustments were performed to obtain a single version in Portuguese with linguistic and conceptual equivalence, which was called "Escala de Neofobia em relação à Tecnologia de Alimentos". The original and translated versions were applied to 30 bilingual individuals to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the questionnaire. The results showed that the translation of the instrument was adequate and reliable, therefore can be used in studies with Brazilian consumers.

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Objective: To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. Methods: Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. Results: The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. Conclusions: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a cost-effective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide. .

Assessment of depression in medical patients: A systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory-II

To perform a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory for detecting depression in medical settings, this article focuses on the revised version of the scale (Beck Depression Inventory-II), which was reformulated according to the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. We examined relevant investigations with the Beck Depression Inventory-II for measuring depression in medical settings to provide guidelines for practicing clinicians. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria seventy articles were retained. Validation studies of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, in both primary care and hospital settings, were found for clinics of cardiology, neurology, obstetrics, brain injury, nephrology, chronic pain, chronic fatigue, oncology, and infectious disease. The Beck Depression Inventory-II showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression and anxiety. Its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients, suggesting the need for adjusted cut-off points. The somatic and cognitive-affective dimension described the latent structure of the instrument. The Beck Depression Inventory-II can be easily adapted in most clinical conditions for detecting major depression and recommending an appropriate intervention. Although this scale represents a sound path for detecting depression in patients with medical conditions, the clinician should seek evidence for how to interpret the score before using the Beck Depression Inventory-II to make clinical decisions.

Validação da Psychological Well-being Scale em uma amostra de estudantes universitários / Validation of the Psychological Well-being Scale in an undergraduate student’s sample / Validación de la Psychological Well-being Scale en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios

O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e validar a Psychological Well-being Scale (Escala de Bem-estar Psicológico – EBEP) em uma amostra de estudantes universitários. O processo de adaptação dos itens envolveu a tradução, análise de juízes e avaliação da familiaridade. Posteriormente, 313 estudantes universitários, com média de idade de 24,18 (DP = 6,44) anos, sendo 190 (60,7%) mulheres, responderam a EBEP. Para investigar a validade de construto foram conduzidas análises fatoriais confirmatórias e análises de correlação com indicadores de satisfação de vida, afetos positivos e negativos, balanço entre afetos e depressão. O modelo teórico de seis fatores oblíquos apresentou melhor ajuste e as seis subescalas se correlacionaram na direção e magnitude esperada com indicadores de bem-estar. A EBEP mostrou-se um instrumento válido e fidedigno.

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS) in an undergraduate student’s sample. The item adaptation process involved translation, judges’ analysis and evaluation of familiarity. Subsequently, 313 undergraduate students, with mean age 24.18 (SD = 6.44) years, with 190 (60.7%) females and 123 (39.3%) males, responded to PWBS. To investigate the construct validity confirmatory factor and correlation analyses with indicators of life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, affect balance and depression were conducted. The theoretical model of six oblique factors showed the best fit and the six subscales correlated in the expected direction and magnitude with others well-being indicators. The PWBS proved to be a valid and reliable instrument.

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al portugués brasileño la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBP). El proceso de adaptación de los ítems ha involucrado la traducción, el análisis de jueces y la evaluación de la familiaridad. Posteriormente, 313 estudiantes universitarios, con edad media de 24,18 (DE = 6.44) años, 190 (60.7%) mujeres y 123 (39.3%) hombres, respondieron a la EBP. Para investigar la validez del constructo se realizó análisis factorial confirmatorio y los análisis de la correlación con los indicadores de satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y negativo, equilibrio entre afectos y la depresión. El modelo teórico de seis factores oblicuos mostró el mejor ajuste y las seis subescalas correlacionan en la dirección y magnitud esperada con los indicadores del bienestar. La EBP se demostró un instrumento válido y confiable.

Application of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory in clinical patients / Aplicação do inventário de expressão de raiva estado-traço de Spielberger em pacientes clínicos

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factor structure of the Portuguese version of State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) in clinical patients. METHOD: 400 subjects from an internal medicine outpatient unit and 200 from a medical ward were recruited. Patients answered questions about clinical data, the STAXI, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Raw score of the STAXI was submitted to reliability assessment and factor analysis. RESULTS: Internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was of 0.84. The STAXI significantly correlated with BDI at r=0.352 (p<0.01). The final solution of Principal Component Analysis identified five meaningful factors: Trait-Anger, State-Anger, Anger-Control, Anger-Out, and Anger-In. This structural model is close to the original theoretical construct of Spielberger's STAXI. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese version of STAXI presented an adequate factorial structure that permits the evaluation of anger dimensions among clinical patients.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o construto e as propriedades psicométricas da versão em português do Inventário de Expressão de Raiva Estado-Traço (STAXI) em pacientes clínicos. MÉTODO: 400 indivíduos de uma unidade ambulatorial e 200 de uma enfermaria de clínica médica foram recrutados. Foram coletadas informações sobre aspectos clínicos, o STAXI e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Os escores brutos do STAXI foram submetidos à análise de confiabilidade e análise fatorial. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,84. O STAXI se correlacionou significativamente com BDI (r=0,352; p<0,01). A análise de Componentes Principais identificou cinco fatores significativos: Raiva-traço, Raiva-estado, Controle-de-raiva, Raiva-para-fora e Raiva-para-dentro. Esse modelo estrutural é similar ao apresentado originalmente por Spielberger. CONCLUSÃO: A versão em português do STAXI apresenta uma estrutura fatorial adequada que permite a avaliação das dimensões da raiva em pacientes clínicos.