RESUMEN
Resumo: O processo de construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sido, desde o início, espaço de disputa entre as forças políticas que defendem a ampliação da participação do setor privado na assistência e gestão dos serviços, e os defensores do fortalecimento da gestão pública. No contexto do subfinanciamento do SUS, associado às restrições impostas pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, novos modelos de gestão têm sido adotados, especialmente na área de gestão hospitalar, a exemplo da parceria público-privada (PPP). Considerando a relevância de investigar os processos de decisão relativos à adoção desses modelos pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os processos de tomada de decisão e incorporação desse modelo de gestão hospitalar no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, primeira concessão administrativa no setor de saúde do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que tomou como referencial teórico a teoria do jogo social, elaborada por Carlos Matus, articulada ao modelo analítico do Ciclo de Políticas Públicas. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chave que participaram dos momentos de pré-decisão e decisão acerca do modelo PPP. O artigo apresenta o jogo político em torno da escolha dessa alternativa entre outros modelos para gestão hospitalar, além de debater vantagens e desvantagens dos modelos segundo atores-chave entrevistados, e conclui que determinantes não apenas financeiros, mas também políticos e ideológicos marcaram o processo de decisão pelo modelo PPP na Bahia, que teve como fomentador e consultor o braço direito do Banco Mundial, a Corporação Financeira Internacional.
Abstract: The process of building Brazil´s Unified Health System has always been a space of dispute between the political forces that defend greater private sector participation in patient care and administration of services and those who defend strengthening public administration. In the context of underfinancing of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), associated with the restrictions imposed by the so-called Fiscal Responsibility Law, new management models have been adopted in hospital administration, including public-private partnerships (PPPs). Considering the relevance of investigating decision-making processes pertaining to the adoption of these models by State Health Departments, this study aims to analyze the decision-making processes and incorporation of this hospital administration model in the State of Bahia, Brazil, the first administrative concession in Brazil´s health sector. This is a case study in which the theoretical reference was Social Game Theory elaborated by Carlos Matus, linked to the Public Policy Cycle analytical model. The data were produced with document research and semi-structured interviews with key informants who participated in the pre-decision and decision-making stages of the PPP model. The article presents the political game involved in the choice of this alternative among other hospital administration models, besides debating the models´ advantages and disadvantages according to the key actors and concludes that determinants (not only financial, but also political and ideological) marked the decision-making process for the PPP model in Bahia, in which the driving factor and source of consultancy was the International Finance Corporation, an arm of the World Bank.
Resumen: El proceso de construcción del Sistema Único de Salud ha sido, desde el comienzo, un espacio de disputa entre las fuerzas políticas que defienden la ampliación de la participación del sector privado en la asistencia y gestión de los servicios, y los defensores del fortalecimiento de la gestión pública. En el contexto de la subfinanciación del SUS, asociado a las restricciones impuestas por la Ley de responsabilidad fiscal, se han adoptado nuevos modelos de gestión, especialmente en el área de gestión hospitalaria, como por ejemplo la colaboración público-privada (PPP por sus siglas en portugués). Considerando la relevancia de investigar los procesos de decisión, relativos a la adopción de esos modelos por parte de las Secretarías Estatales de Salud, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de toma de decisión e incorporación de este modelo de gestión hospitalaria en el Estado de Bahía, Brasil, primera concesión administrativa en el sector de salud de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio de caso, que tomó como marco de referencia teórico la Teoría de Juego Social, elaborada por Carlos Matus, coordinada con el modelo analítico del Ciclo de Políticas Públicas. Los datos fueron producidos a partir de una investigación documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes-clave que participaron en los momentos de pre-decisión y decisión acerca del modelo PPP. El artículo presenta el juego político en torno de la elección de esa alternativa entre otros modelos para gestión hospitalaria, además de debatir ventajas y desventajas de los modelos, según actores-claves entrevistados, y concluye que determinantes no solo financieros, sino políticos e ideológicos marcaron el proceso de decisión del modelo PPP en Bahía, que tuvo como fomentador y consultor al brazo derecho del Banco Mundial, la Corporación Financiera Internacional.
Asunto(s)
Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado , Administración Hospitalaria , Brasil , Sector Privado , Programas de Gobierno , Política de SaludRESUMEN
State that the private sector partnership is a general concept that encompasses formal legal relationships between government entities and the private sector to use private sector resources and expertise to ensure delivery of public services and property. This is because public services to improve the capacity for sustainable use of private sector skills and modernization of technology andfinancial resources, capacity building and increased capacity necessary to wait for the budget cost ofthe current economic situation of our country. Public-private partnership noted that the assessment made by international organizations to take place very effectively in our country. Therefore, the evaluation of the current public-private partnership in the health sector in order toimprove these conditions and to improve the quality and accessibility of care and identify ways of involvement in the implementation of a basis for the work of the study. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of public-private partnership conditions in the Mongolian health sector.We conducted overall 20 focus group interviews with 180 participants, including doctors and health care professionals. 17 out of 20 were from Ulaanbaatar and 3 were out of 20. From them, six interviews in the Aimag’s and district’s Complex Hospital represented for the secondary health care organizations, 8 interviews in the Family Clinic represented for primary health care organizations.3 interviews in the third health care organizations. Also 3 interviews in the private health care organizations.Is not known the advantages of public and private medical practitioners and medical specialists partners and do not have experience in working partner. But running has partnered with medical doctors, specialists increased support service types currently provided as a partnership between the hospital and doctor finds that your experience is improving and increasing the quality of service.For flip side is that partners can expand partnership working poor accountability. Future doctors and medical experts believe is necessary to strengthen the increasing awareness of the Partnership through the provision of secondary education, advocacy and policy.Doctors and medical experts believe that public-private partnerships Mongolian international health industry groups have developed expanding significantly. It believes that the lack of knowledge about the partnership, due to be implemented in a realistic policy document.