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Chinese materia medica (CMM) powder has poor mobility, hygroscopic, viscous and easy reunion because of the complex physical and chemical properties. In recent years, pharmacy workers used domestic and foreign reference materials, chemicals, drugs and other chemical powder modification technology to improve the physicochemical properties of CMM powder, and have made some progress. This article summarizes the common modification technology and equipment of CMM powder, puts forward the basic ideas and the development prospects of CMM powder modification.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ultrafine pulverization technology in Chaige tuire powder;to compare the content and microcharacteristics between ultrafine powder and ordinary powder. METHODS:Using contents of 3 active ingredients(puera-rin,glycyrrhizin and baicalin)and powder d(0.5)as main indexes,bulk density,angle of repose and microcharacteristic as refer-ence indexes,orthogonal test was designed to optimize the initial particle size,moisture and pulverized frequency in ultrafine pul-verization technology. Contents of 3 active ingredients of ultrafine powder and ordinary powder(over 65/80 mesh sieve)and obser-vation results of calcium oxalate crystal under microscope were compared. RESULTS:The optimized technology was as follow as over 65 mesh sieve,moisture of 2.5%preliminary powder in 60 Hz of frequency for pulverization. In verification test,d(0.5)aver-age value of 3 ultrafine powder samples was 31.5 μm(RSD=0.45%,n=3);contents of puerarin,glycyrrhizin and baicalin were 0.232 mg/g(RSD=1.31%,n=3),0.212 mg/g(RSD=1.62%,n=3),8.962 mg/g(RSD=0.89%,n=3),respectively,which were increased about 30%-40% than in ordinary powder(0.158,0.15669,6.140 mg/g). There were no or little bundles of calci-um oxalate crystal that is common in ordinary powder. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized ultrafine pulverization technology is stable and feasible;contents of 3 active ingredients in Chaige tuire ultrafine powder are higher and calcium oxalate crystal are litter than ordi-nary powder,which possibly reduces the adverse reactions in clinical application.
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Objective To determine the dissolution rate of Erzhi pill which was prepared by using different crushing technologies with specnuezhenide as index - and study the influence of superfine pulverization technology on the dissolution of Erzhi pill. Methods Crude drugs were crushed into the fine powder by employing general crusher and ultra-micro pulverizer-respectively. The water-honeyed pills were prepared by using these fine powders. The method of rotating basket and HPLC were used for the determination of dissolution of specnuezhenide in vitro. The data were analyzed by applying the law of Weibull. Results Compared with Erzhi pill B- the dissolution parameters of specnuezhenide in Erzhi pill A - including T50, T60, T70, T80, T90, F1h and F2h- showed significant differentce(P<0.05). Conclusion Applying the superfine pulverization technology can improve the dissolution of Erzhi pills in vitro.
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Objective To determine the dissolution rate of Erzhi pill which was prepared by using different crushing technologies with specnuezhenide as index , and study the influence of superfine pulverization technology on the dissolution of Erzhi pill. Methods Crude drugs were crushed into the fine powder by employing general crusher and ultra-micro pulverizer,respectively. The water-honeyed pills were prepared by using these fine powders. The method of rotating basket and HPLC were used for the determination of dissolution of specnuezhenide in vitro. The data were analyzed by applying the law of Weibull. Results Compared with Erzhi pill B,the dissolution parameters of specnuezhenide in Erzhi pill A ,including T50、T60、T70、T80、T90、F1h and F2h, showed significant differentce(P<0.05). Conclusion Applying the superfine pulverization technology can improve the dissolution of Erzhi pills in vitro.
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A utilização de equipamentos de pulverização com menor volume de aplicação no controle de doenças é uma tendência na agricultura. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a eficiência de equipamentos com baixo volume de aplicação no controle de doenças foliares do trigo. O experimento foi conduzido em duas safras agrícolas e três cultivares no município de Santa Maria, RS. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de diferentes equipamentos de pulverização, sendo eles: pontas hidráulicas do tipo leque (XR 110015) e cone vazio sem indução de ar (TX-VK6), ambos com volume de aplicação de 120L ha-1, atomizadores rotativos de discos, utilizando baixo volume oleoso (BVO(r)), com volumes de aplicação de 24L ha-1 e 34L ha-1 e uma testemunha sem aplicação. As gotas geradas pelos equipamentos (densidade, diâmetro mediano volumétrico) foram avaliadas através da utilização de papéis hidrosensíveis. Também foram avaliadas a severidade da mancha amarela e da ferrugem da folha. A utilização de bicos hidráulicos com volume de aplicação de 120L ha-1 apresentaram as maiores eficiências no controle das doenças. O atomizador rotativo de discos com volume de aplicação de 34L ha-1 apresentou eficiência no controle das doenças semelhantes ao bico hidráulico. A densidade de gotas foi superior a 40 gotas cm-2 em todos os tratamentos, mesmo nos tratamentos com atomizadores rotativos de disco com baixo volume de aplicação. O controle das doenças não apresentou relação direta com a cobertura mensurada pelos cartões hidrosensíveis.
The use of spraying equipments with lower spray volume at disease control is a tendency in agriculture. The study aimed to determinate the efficiency of low spray volume at the wheat leaf diseases control. The experiment was carried during two harvest years and three cultivars in Santa Maria, RS. The treatments were constituted of different spraying equipments: hydraulic nozzle (XR 110015) and hollow cone (TX-VK6), both with spray volume of 120L ha-1, rotary-disk atomizer using low volume in oil, with spray volume of 24L ha-1 and 34L ha-1 and a control treatment without application. The droplets generated by the equipments (density, medium volumetric diameter) were evaluated throughout the use of water sensible cards. Also were evaluated the yellow leaf blight and leaf rust. The use of hydraulic nozzle at spray volume of 120L ha-1 showed higher efficiency on the disease control. The rotary-disk atomizer with spray volume of 34L ha-1 showed similar efficiency in the disease control of hydraulic nozzle. The droplet density was superior to 40 droplets cm-2 in all treatments, also at the rotary-disk treatments with low pulverization rates. The disease control did not show direct relation with the coverage measured by the water sensible cards.