Validação de questionário sobre a assistência do enfermeiro de práticas avançadas à idosos / Validation of questionnaire on advanced practice nurse assistance for elderly / Validación de cuestionario de prácticas avanzadas asistencia de enfermería para ancianos

Objetivo: Construir e validar instrumento para avaliar o grau de satisfação dos usuários idosos no modelo de atuação do enfermeiro navegador, clínico e de práticas avançadas em serviços de oncologia. Métodos: Estudo metodológico embasado no processo de construção e validação de instrumento que contemplou a estrutura conceitual; definição dos objetivos e população; construção dos itens e escala de resposta; seleção e organização dos itens; estruturação do instrumento; opinião de especialistas; pré-teste e validação de conteúdo. Resultados: Construiu-se instrumento com 13 itens, distribuídos em dois blocos temáticos: aspectos socioeconômicos, composto por oito itens, e cinco perguntas fechadas. Evidenciado por dois métodos estatísticos: correlação não paramétrica e coeficiente de concordância. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o instrumento de avaliação sobre o grau de satisfação de usuários idosos com um modelo de atuação do enfermeiro navegador, enfermeiro clínico e enfermeiro de práticas avançadas tem validade de conteúdo e aparência. (AU)

Objective: To construct and validate an instrument to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of elderly users in the nurse navigator, clinical and advanced practice models in oncology services. Methods: Methodological study based on the process of construction and validation of an instrument that included the conceptual structure; definition of objectives and population; construction of items and response scale; selection and organization of items; structuring of the instrument; expert opinion; pre-test and content validation. Results: An instrument with 13 items was constructed, distributed in two thematic blocks: socioeconomic aspects composed of eight items, and five closed questions. Evidenced by two statistical methods: non-parametric correlation and agreement coefficient. Conclusion: It is concluded that the assessment instrument on the degree of satisfaction of elderly users with a nurse navigator, nurse practitioner and advanced practice nurse performance model has content and appearance validity. (AU)

Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios mayores en los modelos de enfermera navegante, clínica y de práctica avanzada en los servicios de oncología. Métodos: Estudio metodológico basado en el proceso de construcción y validación de un instrumento que incluyó la estructura conceptual; la definición de los objetivos y la población; la construcción de los ítems y la escala de respuesta; la selección y organización de los ítems; la estructuración del instrumento; la opinión de expertos; el pre-test y la validación del contenido. Resultados: Instrumento construido con 13 ítems, distribuidos en dos bloques temáticos: aspectos socioeconómicos compuestos por ocho ítems, y cinco preguntas cerradas. Lo demuestran dos métodos estadísticos: la correlación no paramétrica y el coeficiente de acuerdo. Conclusión: Se concluye que el instrumento de aval sobre el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios idosos con un modelo de actuación del enfermero navegador, enfermero clínico y enfermero de prácticas avanzadas tiene validez de contenido y apariencia. (AU)

Validation of Filipino version of a questionnaire on work- related asthma among healthcare workers of the Philippine General Hospital: A prospective cross-sectional study

Objective@#This study aims to validate a Filipino version of the questionnaire by Delclos et al on occupational risk factors and asthma among the health care workers of the Philippine General Hospital.@*Methodology@#Forward and backward translation method for bilinguals was used in this study. The Filipino translation was administered to 110 health care workers selected by stratified random sampling. After 24 hours, the retranslated English version was given to the same respondents. Testing for internal consistency reliability was done by computing for Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was subsequently determined using the Cramer's V Coefficient.@*Results@#The Filipino questionnaire showed good internal consistency reliability, as shown by the overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.9016, which is comparable to that of the original version by Delclos. Likewise, our Filipino questionnaire showed good construct validity, supported by the Cramer’s V coefficients ranging from 0.2204 (strong relationship) to 0.7843 (very strong relationship).@*Conclusion@#Overall, the Filipino version of the questionnaire for work-related asthma tested among the health care workers of Philippine General Hospital showed good reliability and validity. This may now be used as screening tool for occupational asthma among health care workers who are at risk of developing the disease. In addition, this research tool may be utilized to establish the prevalence of occupational asthma in hospitals and later on, aid in the development of a better working environment for the whole health care team.

Translation and validation of the Tagalog trust in ophthalmologist scale

Objective@#This study adapted and translated the Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS) into the Tagalog Trust in Ophthalmologist Scale (TTOS) and validated the latter.@*Methods@#The 18-item TiOS questionnaire was translated into Tagalog and validated in a cohort of 200 Filipino ophthalmology patients of a single institution. Internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliabilities were determined. Exploratory factor analyses were also performed.@*Results@#The TTOS showed high internal consistency with Cronbach alpha of 0.92, high reliability with Pearson's coefficient of 0.85, and high validity with Spearman’s coefficient of 0.67.@*Conclusion@#The TTOS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the level of trust of Filipino patients in their ophthalmologists.

Adaptación y validación al español de la Escala de Empoderamiento Psicológico / Spanish adaptation and validation of the Psychological Empowerment Scale

Resumen El empoderamiento psicológico es un constructo de gran importancia en Psicología. Aunque existen diversos instrumentos de medida, el Psychological Empowerment Instrument de Spreitzer (PEI, 1995) ha sido tradicionalmente el más utilizado en el área de la Psicología Organizacional. Originalmente, este instrumento constaba de 16 ítems organizados en cuatro factores. Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo fue la adaptación y validación al español del PEI, así como el análisis de su estructura factorial. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios independientes. El objetivo del primero fue su traducción al español y su adaptación cultural en una muestra de 242 estudiantes universitarios para analizar la estructura factorial de los ítems y su fiabilidad. En el segundo estudio, se aplicó el nuevo instrumento traducido a una muestra de 317 trabajadores de una empresa de servicios con el fin de validarlo y comprobar la bondad del modelo, así como la validez concurrente con otras variables, tales como el empoderamiento estructural, el compromiso afectivo y la rotación, de la que se conoce su relación por estudios previos. El nuevo cuestionario resultante confirmó la estructura factorial original en cuatro dimensiones (competencia, significado, autonomía e impacto), aunque redujo el número de ítems (de los 16 originales a 13). El cuestionario adaptado al español obtenido tuvo, además, buenos parámetros psicométricos y de bondad de ajuste. El trabajo finaliza discutiendo sobre la relevancia del instrumento adaptado y sus posibles aplicaciones.

Abstract Psychological empowerment is a construct with a multifaceted character composed of four basic cognitions (impact, competence, meaning, and self-determination), which goes beyond a simple delegation of power. The impact of empowerment in different fields of Psychology has been important due to the proven relations maintained with other well-founded psychological variables in the scientific literature, and because of the positive consequences on the results and well-being of people. Although there are different instruments for the measurement of this construct, the Psychological Empowerment Instrument (PEI) by Spreitzer (1995) has been traditionally the one most employed to measure the psychological empowerment in the area of Organizational Psychology, counting with more than one thousand publications, and articles as well as translations and adaptations to different languages. The original questionnaire elaborated by Spreitzer consists of 16 items organised in four factors following the four basic cognitions that were described above. Therefore, the aim of this article is the adaptation to Spanish, validation of the PEI, and to analyse its factor structure. In order to do so, two independent studies were carried out. The specific objective of the first study was to translate into Spanish and to adapt culturally such questionnaire. In the second study, the objective was to validate the resulting questionnaire and to analyse the factor structure and its goodness and with other psychological and organisational variables as well as the external validity in a sample of workers. In order to do so, in the first study it was carried out an inverse translation and adaptation to Spanish with a sample of 242 university students to subsequently analyse the factorial structure of the items and its reliability. The resulting translated questionnaire confirmed the factor structure in four dimensions (Competence, Meaning, Self-determination, and Impact), although the number of items was reduced from the original 16 to 13, which would explain the 74.08 % of the sampling variance. To confirm the psychometric characteristics of this new questionnaire, we performed a second study with 317 workers of a Spanish service company in order to analyse through confirmative procedures the internal structure of this new instrument, verify its adequacy and goodness of fit of the resulting factors as well as assessing the relation and external validity in a sample of workers and concurrency with other variables (structural empowerment, affective commitment and intention to leave), which are known to have a relation with psychological empowerment from previous research. From the application of this new questionnaire translated to Spanish into this sample of workers, we confirmed again the structure of 13 items in four factors from the first study. Furthermore, we obtained good fit indexes (GFI, AGF, and NNFI), with values between .90 and .96. Additionally, through regression analysis we obtained positive and statistically significant results between psychological empowerment and other variables included in the study (structural empowerment, affective commitment, and intention to leave), testing the interrelations among them. Therefore, those people with a greater cognition on their empowerment developed a greater engagement and attachment towards the organisation, and consequently, their wish to leave was lower. Our study concludes with a discussion about the importance of the adapted instrument and its possible applications.

Diseño y validación de cuestionario de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la enfermedad de Chagas / Design and validation of the survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices of Chagas disease

La enfermedad de Chagas es considerada una afección desatendida a nivel mundial que afecta principalmente a la población de escasos recursos en Latinoamérica, con aproximadamente 10 millones de personas afectadas. Se estima que en Ecuador más de 200000 personas son seropositivas para T. cruzi y 4.400 adquieren la infección anualmente. Se han realizado estudios en zonas endémicas como Loja, Manabí, Guayas y El Oro, las cuales constituyen el hábitat de cinco especies de triatómicos, responsables de la transmisión vectorial de la enfermedad, no obstante, se requiere información epidemiológica actualizada en áreas consideradas prioritarias. Es por ello, que se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para diseñar y validar un cuestionario de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la enfermedad de Chagas en las 5 áreas prioritarias en Ecuador. Se diseñó un cuestionario inicial de 36 ítems, empleado para un estudio piloto con 5 expertos claves que validaron dicho instrumento, Para evaluar la validez de contenido se empleó la V de Aiken (0,82) y la validez del constructo fue evaluada a través del análisis factorial exploratorio, del cual se obtuvieron 3 dimensiones; ´ mientras que la prueba de alfa de Cronbach (>0,7) demostró la consistencia interna del instrumento. La versión final del cuestionario contentiva de 31 ítems fue aplicada a 20 participantes con características epidemiológicas diferentes de cada área prioritaria, demostrando que el mismo reúne todas las condiciones de validación y confiabilidad y puede ser aplicado en otros estudios epidemiológicos relacionados con la enfermedad de Chagas(AU)

Chagas disease is considered a neglected condition worldwide which mainly affects the poor population in Latin America, with approximately 10 million people affected. It is estimated that in Ecuador more than 200,000 people are seropositive for T. cruzi and 4,400 acquire the infection annually. Studies have been carried out in endemic areas such as Loja, Manabí, Guayas and El Oro, which constitute the habitat of five species of triatomics, responsible for the vector transmission of the disease, however, updated epidemiological information is required in areas considered priority. For this reason, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to design and validate a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices of Chagas disease in the 5 priority areas in Ecuador. An initial questionnaire of 36 items was designed, used for a pilot study with 5 key experts who validated said instrument. To evaluate the content validity, Aiken's V (0.82) was used and the validity of the construct was evaluated through the exploratory factor analysis, from which 3 dimensions were obtained; While the Cronbach's alpha test (> 0.7) demonstrated the internal consistency of the instrument. The final version of the questionnaire containing 31 items was applied to 20 participants with different epidemiological characteristics from each priority area, showing that it meets all the validation and reliability conditions and can be applied in other epidemiological studies related to Chagas disease(AU)

Diseño y validación de un instrumento sobre las capacidades cognitivo-prácticas para el tratamiento con mínima intervención de la caries dental en la carrera de Estomatología / Design and validation of a tool about cognitive-practical capacities for the minimal intervention treatment of dental caries in undergraduate dental training

Introducción : El desarrollo científico-tecnológico en el tratamiento de la caries dental hace necesario la sistematización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y una didáctica apropiada que permita que los educandos adquieran conocimientos y habilidades para su ejercicio. Objetivo : Diseñar y validar un instrumento para la medición de la correspondencia del plan de estudios y de la estrategia didáctica con las capacidades cognitivo-prácticas necesarias para el tratamiento de mínima intervención de la caries dental en la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos : Estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en el que participaron 28 expertos seleccionados sobre la base de su trayectoria docente, científica y experiencia en el tema. Los mismos ofrecieron sus opiniones a través de cuestionarios autogestionados respecto a la claridad, coherencia, precisión, relevancia y presentación del instrumento mencionado. Se empleó la Razón de validez de contenido, por el método de Tristán y el índice de validación de contenido. Resultados : La totalidad de los ítems fueron válidos en los 4 criterios medidos, por lo que coincidieron los índices de validación de contenido global y aceptable. El instrumento mostró coherencia, precisión y relevancia la claridad con cifras de índice de validación de contenido de 0,90; 0,93; 0,92; y 0,94, respectivamente. Conclusiones : Se diseñó y validó un instrumento efectivo en contenido y presentación, por lo que está disponible para continuar con la siguiente etapa para su aprobación final(AU)

Introduction: Scientific and technological development in the treatment of dental caries requires systematization of the teaching-learning process and an appropriate methodology fostering the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for professional practice. Objective: Design and validate a tool to measure the correspondence of the curriculum and the didactic strategy to the cognitive-practical capacities required for the minimal intervention treatment of dental caries in undergraduate dental training. Methods: A technological development study was conducted with 28 experts selected for their teaching experience, their scientific background and their knowledge about the topic. The experts contributed their opinions through self-administered questionnaires about the clarity, coherence, accuracy, relevance and layout of the tool. Use was made of content validity ratio by the Tristan method and the content validation index. Results: All the items were found to be valid in terms of the four criteria measured, showing agreement between global and acceptable content validation indices. The tool exhibited coherence, accuracy, relevance and clarity, with content validation index values of 0.90, 0.93, 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: A tool was designed and validated which is effective for its content and presentation. It is therefore available for final validation(AU)

Design and Validation of Web-Based or Online Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults: A Scoping Review

@#This article aimed to review the design features of web-based or online FFQ developed for adults and statistical analysis used in the validation, comparison, or reproducibility studies. The search identified 863 articles, and 29 studies met the criteria. The number of food list ranges from 12 to 279 items. The food portion size was estimated using images or a standard portion size using household measurement. Web-based FFQ was validated with other dietary assessment tools, Block FFQ and biomarker. Comparison study of web-based FFQ was done using paper-based FFQ and interviewed-administered FFQ. Two studies conducted validation and comparison study using other dietary assessment methods, biomarker and paper-based FFQ. Seven studies conducted reproducibility studies. Overall, webbased FFQs showed acceptable validity with the respective reference method and good reproducibility. Strategies to improve the application of current evidence on best practices in designing and validating a web-based FFQ can improve nutritional epidemiology studies.

Validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario que evalúa competencias investigativas e innovativas / Validity and reliability of a questionnaire evaluating innovative and research competences

RESUMEN Introducción: el desarrollo de competencias investigativas e innovativas en los profesionales, es esencial para la aplicación de resultados generados por la investigación y por la innovación. Objetivos: evaluar la validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario destinado a cuantificar el nivel de desarrollo de competencias investigativas e innovativas de profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo evaluativo, de enero a mayo del 2019. La validación del contenido se realizó aplicando los postulados de Moriyama. Su consistencia interna por el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y la validez de construcción lógica por análisis factorial de los componentes principales. Resultados: el Alfa de Cronbach obtenido fue de ,930. La validación de contenido permitió considerar que la formulación de los ítems, es razonable, justifican su presencia en el cuestionario. Las categorías propuestas para ser incluidas en la construcción del instrumento son adecuadas. Los resultados sugirieron la presencia de cuatro factores que explicaron el 71,16 % de la varianza acumulada por todos los factores. Conclusiones: los resultados de validez fueron favorables. Está disponible un instrumento con condiciones adecuadas y criterios válidos que justifican su uso y aplicación en el terreno investigativo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the development of research and innovative competences in the professionals is essential for the application of results generated by research and innovation. Objective: to assess the validity and reliability of a questionnaire designed to quantify the development level of research and innovative competences of professors of the University Of Medical Sciences Of Matanzas. Materials and methods: an evaluative-kind study was carried out from January to May 2019; the content validation was made applying Moriyama´s postulates, its internal consistence applying Chronbach´s alpha coefficient, and its logical construction validity applying the factorial analysis of the main components. Results: the obtained Chronbach´s alpha was ,930. The content validation allowed considering that items formulation is reasonable, justifying their presence in the questionnaire. The categories proposed to be included in the instrument construction are adequate. The results suggest the presence of four factors explaining 71.16 % of the variance accumulated by all the factors. Conclusions: the validity results are favorable. An instrument is available with adequate conditions and valid criteria justifying its use and application in the research field (AU).

Validación del cuestionario pediátrico de sueño en la población colombiana / Validation of the pediatric sleep questionnaire in colombian population

Introducción: El síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño es una patología frecuente en la población pediátrica que genera un alto impacto en la calidad de vida tanto de los pacientes como de sus familias. Objetivo: Realizar la validación del Cuestionario Pediátrico de Sueño a la población pediátrica colombiana a grandes alturas y determinar si existe asociación entre los hallazgos en el cuestionario y los hallazgos polisomnográficos. Diseño: Observacional analítico prospectivo. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio fue realizado a 2,600 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Se incluyeron 121 pacientes entre 2 y 18 años, candidatos a adeno/amigdalectomía a los que se les aplicó el cuestionario pediátrico de sueño, y fue sometido a un proceso de validación específico para la población colombiana. Resultados: No se obtuvo una correlación de los resultados del cuestionario con los resultados de severidad de la enfermedad en el polisomnograma. Discusión: El cuestionario pediátrico de sueño (PSQ) fue sometido a un proceso de validación específico para la población colombiana a grandes alturas. Sin embargo, dado que los ítems A24, A25, B7, B9, y B22 se determinaron como redundantes, se podría proponer una escala condensada específica para la población colombiana, omitiendo estas preguntas. Conclusiones: El cuestionario pediátrico de sueño (PSQ) fue validado satisfactoriamente a la población colombiana habitante de grandes alturas. Sin embargo, se propone una modificación, eliminando las preguntas A24, A25, B7, B9, y B22, logrando un cuestionario más corto y simplificado, sin tener efectos sobre la validez del mismo.

Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome is a frequent pathology in the pediatric population that generates a high impact on the quality of both patients and their families. Objective: To validate the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire to the Colombian pediatric population. Design: Prospective analytical observational. Methods: This study was conducted at 2,600 meters above sea level. We included 121 patients between 2 and 18 years old, who were candidates for adeno/tonsillectomy to whom the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire was applied; this questionnaire was underwent to a specific validation process for the Colombian population. Results: The results of the questionnaire was not correlated with disease severity determined by polysomnogram. Discussion: The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) was underwent to a specific validation process for the Colombian population at high altitudes. However, due to that articles A24, A25, B7, B9 and B22 were determined as redundant, a specific escalation could be proposed for the Colombian population, omitting these questions. Conclusions: The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) was validated satisfactorily in the Colombian population living at high altitudes. However, a modification is proposed, eliminating the questions A24, A25, B7, B9 and B22, obtaining a shorter and simplified questionnaire, without having effects on the duration of the same.

Validación de una propuesta de encuesta sobre regulación de servicios farmacéuticos en México / Validation of a proposal of survey on the regulation of pharmaceutical services in Mexico

Introducción: la situación actual de los servicios farmacéuticos básicos y su regulación en México están más dirigidas para el aumento en la competencia comercial que para la participación de los farmacéuticos hacia la resolución de la problemática comunitaria, por lo que documentar cuáles son los servicios que actualmente se brindan y que no se regulan, resultaría interesante. Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento de medición que permita conocer la opinión de los protagonistas de los sistemas farmacéuticos acerca de los servicios que se brindan. Métodos: se elaboró un cuestionario dirigido a la comunidad farmacéutica, que aborda diferentes tipos de actuaciones a desarrollar en los servicios farmacéuticos, englobados por dimensiones, con preguntas cerradas, se consideran los servicios que se relacionan con la disponibilidad y acceso, información, vigilancia, atención clínica y farmacéutica, educación, promoción para la salud y de los medicamentos, investigación científica y algunos otros servicios a desempeñar. Resultados: el cuestionario se envió para su validación, mediante correo electrónico a 75 expertos procedentes de áreas académicas de farmacia de las universidades públicas y privadas, miembros de asociaciones del área farmacéutica comercial en México y a colaboradores de la Drug Utilization Research Group Latinoamérica de siete países, solo 20 lo responden. Los resultados se agrupan en 10 Dimensiones y 56 preguntas. Se calificaron 67 respuestas relacionadas con los servicios que se brindan y sus regulaciones como poco conocidas y 120 respuestas relacionadas con las consideraciones de lo que se debe regular o las necesidades de enseñanza en las universidades y programas académicos idóneos calificadas como de acuerdo; ningún experto dejó de responder. Conclusiones: se califica el cuestionario como instrumento de medición adecuado para conocer la situación de los servicios que se brindan en los establecimientos farmacéuticos en México, lo que permitirá posteriormente extenderla a América Latina(AU)

Introduction: the current situation of basic pharmaceutical services and their regulation in Mexico are more oriented to increase market competition than to encourage the participation of pharmacists in solving community-based problems, so it will be interesting to document those services that are rendered but not regulated. Objective: to develop a measuring instrument that allows learning about the opinions of the leading players in the pharmaceutical systems on the services that are offered. Methods: a questionnaire aimed at the pharmaceutical community was drafted to deal with different types of performances in the pharmaceutical services, encompassed by dimensions and with close questions; it takes into account the services that relate to availability and access, information, surveillance, clinical and pharmaceutical care, education, health promotion and drug promotion, scientific research and some other services to be rendered. Results: the questionnaire was e-mailed for validation to 75 experts from academic areas of pharmacy from public and private universities, members of associations in the commercial pharmaceutical area in Mexico and collaborators of Drug Utilization Research Group Latin America from 7 countries; just 20 of them answered the questionnaire. The results were grouped into 10 dimensions and 56 questions. Sixty seven answers related to services that are given and their regulations were rated as barely known and 120 answers related to analysis of what to be regulated or the learning requirements in universities and the ideal academic programs were rated as agreed upon. All experts sent their answers. Conclusions: this questionnaire is regarded as adequate measuring instrument to find out the situation of rendered services in the pharmacies of Mexico, which will allow further extend this survey to Latin America(AU)

Creating and field-testing the questionnaire for the assessment of knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention among schoolgirls and female students / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire used to assess the level of general knowledge about cervical cancer, its primary and secondary prevention, and to identify sources of information about the disease among schoolgirls and female students. METHODS: The questionnaire development process was divided into four phases: generation of issues; construction of a provisional questionnaire; testing of the provisional questionnaire for acceptability and relevance; field-testing, which aimed at ensuring reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Field-testing included 305 respondents of high school female Caucasian students, who filled out the final version of the questionnaire. RESULTS: After phase 1, a list of 65 issues concerning knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention was generated. Of 305, 155 were schoolgirls (mean age+/-SD, 17.8+/-0.5) and 150 were female students (mean age+/-SD, 21.7+/-1.8). The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.71 (range for specific questionnaire sections, 0.60 to 0.81). Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.89 to 0.94. CONCLUSION: The Cervical-Cancer-Knowledge-Prevention-64 has been successfully developed to measure the level of knowledge about cervical cancer. The results confirm the validity, reliability and applicability of the created questionnaire.

Development, Validity and Reliability of a Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of a pregnancy symptoms questionnaire. A total of 214 pregnant women aged 19 to 40 years old were purposive randomly recruited from December 2009 to January 2010 in Antenatal Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pregnant mothers at second and third trimesters were interviewed to complete the Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ). The PSQ was developed by experts in nutrition, obstetrics and statistics. The PSQ consists of 38 items on frequency and severity of pregnancy symptoms. Factor analysis was done using Promax rotation method to check for construct validity. A total of 16 items which had poor correlation (<0.3) and less important content were removed during the final revise. The 22 remaining items were found to be loaded on the three components (general, constitutional and somatic pain). The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.93 and for each three components ranges from 0.70–0.87. The results suggest that the final PSQ consisting of 22 items is valid and reliable for measuring the frequency and severity of the symptoms experienced during pregnancy. It can be used in nutritional studies related to pregnancy and its outcome.

¿Qué tan capaces son los padres de niños con síndrome de Down en el cuidado de infecciones de vías respiratorias altas y la detección de complicaciones? / Are parents of children with Down's syndrome capable of general care and detection of complications of upper airway infections?

Introducción. Las infecciones de vías respiratorias altas son frecuentes en pediatría. En los niños con síndrome de Down se pueden presentar complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias con mayor frecuencia. Material y métodos. Se diseñó un cuestionario para revisar las principales áreas de atención general en el cuidado de infecciones respiratorias. Se validó por expertos. Se aplicó a los padres o cuidadores de pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa de genética, durante el período comprendido entre octubre y noviembre del año 2004. Resultados. Se aplicaron 29 cuestionarios. La confiabilidad del cuestionario fue de 0.75. El área de cuidado con mejor rendimiento fue la detección de complicaciones respiratorias, seguido de hidratación y manejo de la fiebre. El área que obtuvo el menor rendimiento fue la de alimentación. En general se encontró poca habilidad en el cuidado de infecciones respiratorias. Conclusiones. Los padres de niños con síndrome de Down tienen poca habilidad para el cuidado general y la detección de complicaciones en sus hijos.

Introduction. Upper airways infections are frequent in children. Down's syndrome patients frequently present cardiorespiratory complications. Material and methods. A specific questionnaire was constructed including the recommendations on general care of upper airway infection, and was validated through experts. It was then answered by the parents or care-givers of children who assisted to Genetics during October and November 2004. Results. Twenty nine persons participated. Confidence of the questionnaire was 0.75. Parents were most likely to identify respiratory complications, followed by hydration and fever management.The area with less correct answers was nutrition. Overall knowledge was considered low. Conclusions. Down's syndrome parents have scarce knowledge with respect to the general treatment and respiratory complications detection of respiratory tract diseases of their children.