Preparation,identification and comparison of murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against matrix protein of rabies virus strain CVS-11 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To prepare murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against rabies virus(RV) matrix(M) protein and compare their reactivity.Methods The prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a-M was constructed by using the cDNA of cells infected with RV CVS-11 strain as template,then transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3),and the induced by IPTG to express M protein.After nickel column affinity chromatography and dialysis renaturation,female BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with the M protein,and the whole blood was taken to separate the serum.The titers of the murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were detected by ELISA,and the reactivity was measured by Western blot,indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and immunoprecipitation(IP).Results The plasmid pET-28a-M was constructed correctly as identified by sequencing.The titers of murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were 1:100 and 1:256 000respectively,and the polyclonal antibodies had reactivity with different RV strains.Conclusion The murine and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against M protein were successfully prepared,which provides important biological tools for exploring the interaction between M protein and host protein as well as studying the pathogenesis of RV.

Study on injectable chitosan hydrogel with tendon-derived stem cells for enhancing rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs; hereinafter referred to as TDSCs/CS hydrogel) on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rabbits.@*METHODS@#TDSCs were isolated from the rotator cuff tissue of 3 adult New Zealand white rabbits by Henderson step-by-step enzymatic digestion method and identified by multidirectional differentiation and flow cytometry. The 3rd generation TDSCs were encapsulated in CS to construct TDSCs/CS hydrogel. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of TDSCs in the hydrogel after 1-5 days of culture in vitro, and cell compatibility of TDSCs/CS hydrogel was evaluated by using TDSCs alone as control. Another 36 adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=12): rotator cuff repair group (control group), rotator cuff repair+CS hydrogel injection group (CS group), and rotator cuff repair+TDSCs/CS hydrogel injection group (TDSCs/CS group). After establishing the rotator cuff repair models, the corresponding hydrogel was injected into the tendon-to-bone interface in the CS group and TDSCs/CS group, and no other treatment was performed in the control group. The general condition of the animals was observed after operation. At 4 and 8 weeks, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the relative expressions of tendon forming related genes (tenomodulin, scleraxis), chondrogenesis related genes (aggrecan, sex determining region Y-related high mobility group-box gene 9), and osteogenesis related genes (alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related transcription factor 2) at the tendon-to-bone interface. At 8 weeks, HE and Masson staining were used to observe the histological changes, and the biomechanical test was used to evaluate the ultimate load and the failure site of the repaired rotator cuff to evaluate the tendon-to-bone healing and biomechanical properties.@*RESULTS@#CCK-8 assay showed that the CS hydrogel could promote the proliferation of TDSCs ( P<0.05). qPCR results showed that the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes were significantly higher in the TDSCs/CS group than in the CS group and control group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes at 8 weeks after operation were significantly higher than those at 4 weeks after operation in the TDSCs/CS group ( P<0.05). Histological staining showed the clear cartilage tissue and dense and orderly collagen formation at the tendon-to-bone interface in the TDSCs/CS group. The results of semi-quantitative analysis showed that compared with the control group, the number of cells, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation, and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group increased, the vascularity decreased, showing significant differences ( P<0.05); compared with the CS group, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group significantly increased ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the number of cells and vascularity ( P>0.05). All samples in biomechanical testing failed at the repair site during the testing process. The ultimate load of the TDSCs/CS group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the CS group ( P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TDSCs/CS hydrogel can induce cartilage regeneration to promote rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.

Risk of induction of corneal neovascularization with topical erythropoietin: an animal safety study

Purpose: To evaluate the pro-angiogenic effect of topical erythropoietin on cornea in chemical burn-injured rabbit eyes. Methods: The corneal alkali-burn injury was induced in 10 eyes of 10 rabbits using filter paper saturated with 1.0 mol sodium hydroxide. The eyes were categorized into the treatment group (n = 5) that received topical erythropoietin (3000 IU/mL) every 8 hr for one month versus the control group (n = 5) that received normal saline every 8 hr for one month. All eyes were treated with topical ciprofloxacin every 8 hr until corneal re-epithelialization was complete. Corneal epithelial defects, stromal opacity, and neovascularization were evaluated after the injury. At the conclusion of the study, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were submitted to histopathological examination. Results: Baseline characteristics including the rabbits' weight and the severity of corneal injury were comparable in two groups. Time to complete corneal re-epithelialization was 37 days in the treatment group and 45 days in the control group (P = 0.83). There was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of epithelial healing or corneal opacification. Clinical and microscopic corneal neovascularization was observed in one eye (20%) in the treatment group and two eyes (40%) in the control group (P = 0.49). Conclusion: Recombinant human erythropoietin administered topically did not induce vessel formation in rabbit corneas after chemical burn.

Establishment and evaluation of rabbit model of closed tibial fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of a modified three-point bending fracture device for establishing a rabbit model of closed tibial fracture.@*METHODS@#The model of closed tibial fracture was established in 40 6-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits with a body weight of 2.5 to 3.0 kg, and the model was verified at 6 weeks after operation. Five rabbits underwent pre modeling without temporary external fixation before modeling, and then were fractured with a modified three-point bending fracture device;35 rabbits underwent formal modeling. Before modeling, needles were inserted, and splints were fixed externally, and then the fracture was performed with a modified three-point bending fracture device. The fracture model and healing process were evaluated by imaging and histopathology at 2 hours, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after operation.@*RESULTS@#Two hours after modeling, the prefabricated module showed oblique fracture in varying degrees and the broken end shifted significantly;Except for 1 comminuted fracture, 2 curved butterfly fractures and 2 without obvious fracture line, the rest were simple transverse and oblique fractures without obvious displacement in formal modeling group. According to the judgment criteria, the success rate of the model was 85.71%. Four weeks after modeling, the fixed needle and splint of the experimental rabbits were in good position, the fracture alignment was good, the fracture line was blurred, many continuous callus growths could be seen around the fracture end, and the callus density was high. Six weeks after modeling, many thick new bone trabeculae at the fracture, marginal osteoblasts attached, and a small number of macrophages were seen under the microscope. The intramembrane osteogenesis area was in the preparation bone stage, the medullary cavity at the fracture had been partially reopened, the callus was in the absorption plastic stage, and many osteoclasts were visible. The X-ray showed that the fracture line almost disappeared, part of the medullary cavity had been opened, the external callus was reduced around, the callus was in the plastic stage, and the bone cortex was continuous. It suggests that the fracture model showed secondary healing.@*CONCLUSION@#The improved three-point bending fracture device can establish a stable rabbit model of closed tibial fracture, and the operation is simple, which meets the requirements of closed fracture model in basic research related to fracture healing.

Clinical trial of low-dose rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin for induction therapy of kidney transplantation in children / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of low-dose rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (rATG) for induction therapy of kidney transplantation (KT) in children.Methods:From October 2018 to May 2021, clinical data were reviewed retrospectively for 77 pediatric KT recipients on a low-dose rATG induction protocol.Recipient/graft survival rate, renal function recovery, acute rejection (AR) and adverse reactions were observed at 1 year post-operation.The postoperative changes of renal function were examined by Friedman’s test; According to the preoperative baseline data, Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was utilized for examining the influencing factors of postoperative AR.Results:A total of 16(20.78%) recipients had AR within the first 6 months post-operation.The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) was 14.29%(11/77); The incidence of severe infection post-transplantation 18.18%(14/77), the infection rate of BK virus 25.97%(20/77) and the incidence of neutropenia 32.47%(25/77).The recipient/graft survival rate at 1 year post-operation was 97.40%(75/77) and 94.81%(73/77) respectively.Chi-square test indicated that the incidence of postoperative infection in children with body weight ≤30 kg and height ≤138 cm was 28.95%(11/38) and 27.50%(11/40) respectively, Both were higher than 7.69%(3/39) and 8.11%(3/37) of children with body weight >30 kg and height>138 cm.The difference between groups was statistically significant ( P=0.016 and 0.028). Conclusions:Low-dose rATG is generally excellent in preventing AR in pediatric KT recipients.And the risk of related AR may be lower.The infection rate of recipients with decent preoperative development is low.

Experimental study of percutaneous transhepatic implantation of recoverable fiducial marker in Cyberknife tracking therapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a novel liver fiducial marker implantation method for internal fixation and removal of rabbit livers, in order to use in Cyberknife tracking therapy.Methods:Experiments were conducted in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, three fiducial markers were implanted percutaneously in each liver of ten rabbits under anesthesia, and the fourth fiducial marker with an external catheter and fixed thin wire was implanted ten days later. After the reference group (the first and the second maker), and the casing group (the first and the fourth marker) were respectively registered and tracked with the Cyberknife, the implantation success rate, registration accuracy, and removal safety of fiducial markers were assessed. The tensile test was performed using liver in vitro by measuring the resistance required to dislodge the spring coil fiducial markers and the fiducial markers without spring coil from liver. Results:The intrahepatic catheter implantation and removal of fiducial marker in rabbit liver had a success rate of 100% and no distant migration. The operation-related and postoperative complications were not occurred. All fiducial markers were successfully traced. Compared to the reference group, the casing group had slightly higher translational errors in supero-inferior and antero-posterior directions ( Z=-11.77, -4.57, P<0.05), and lower translational errors in left-right direction ( Z=-2.52, P<0.05). The dislodgement forces for spring coil fiducial markers was (2.23±0.85) N, significantly different with (0.81±0.13) N for fiducial markers without spring coil ( Z=- 2.31, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The spiral coil structure provides superior fixation in the punctured needle channel, the thin line limits the distant displacement of the fiducial marker outside the liver, and the catheter establishes a channel for the removal. The general operation is simple and easy.

First observation of Afromorgus chinensis (boheman, 1858) (Coleoptera: Trogidae) on a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758) carcass and its implications in forensic entomology

@#Beetles (Coleoptera) are known to constitute forensic evidence in medico-legal investigations as their presence can be used to date human remains in almost all decomposition stages. Many forensic studies focus on the successional colonization pattern of flies (Diptera); however, beetles have not so far been studied extensively for this aspect. A beetle of the genus Afromorgus Scholtz, 1986, A. chinensis (Boheman, 1858) (Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae), was found beneath a late decaying rabbit carcass at Paya Indah Wetland, Dengkil, Malaysia, for the first time. Both genus and species are already known to occur in Malaysia from literature.

Histological study of platelet-rich fibrin combined with MTA for direct pulp capping of rabbit teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the outcomes of a novel direct pulp capping agent containing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). @*Methods @# A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the PRF+MTA group (P+M group), PRF group (P group), MTA group (M group) and blank control group (BC group), with 8 rabbits per group. Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping were performed, and complete crown square sealing was performed on 2 mandibular central incisor teeth of each rabbit. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized after each observation period (7 and 28 days). The experimental teeth were subjected to HE staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration, calcified bridge formation and pulp tissue disorganization were observed and graded. @*Results@#Inflammatory cell infiltration: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05); group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Calcified bridge formation: on the 7th and 28th days, group P+M was lighter than group P, group M and group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group M was higher than group BC (P<0.05). Under microscope, the calcified bridge contained cellular components and was surrounded by odontoblast-like cells, sharing a structure resembled osteodentin; dentin tubule-like structure could not be observed in calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin. Pulp tissue disorganization: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05). group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The combination of PRF and MTA for direct pulp capping provided light inflammatory cell infiltration, stable pulp status and a strong ability of pulp tissue to form calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin.

Effect of Kartogenin combined with adipose-derived stem cells on tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Kartogenin (KGN) combined with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rabbits.@*METHODS@#After the primary ADSCs were cultured by passaging, the 3rd generation cells were cultured with 10 μmol/L KGN solution for 72 hours. The supernatant of KGN-ADSCs was harvested and mixed with fibrin glue at a ratio of 1∶1; the 3rd generation ADSCs were mixed with fibrin glue as a control. Eighty adult New Zealand white rabbits were taken and randomly divided into 4 groups: saline group (group A), ADSCs group (group B), KGN-ADSCs group (group C), and sham-operated group (group D). After the ACL reconstruction model was prepared in groups A-C, the saline, the mixture of ADSCs and fibrin glue, and the mixture of supernatant of KGN-ADSCs and fibrin glue were injected into the tendon-bone interface and tendon gap, respectively. ACL was only exposed without other treatment in group D. The general conditions of the animals were observed after operation. At 6 and 12 weeks, the tendon-bone interface tissues and ACL specimens were taken and the tendon-bone healing was observed by HE staining, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) immunohistochemical staining, and TUNEL apoptosis assay. The fibroblasts were counted, and the positive expression rate of JNK protein and apoptosis index (AI) were measured. At the same time point, the tensile strength test was performed to measure the maximum load and the maximum tensile distance to observe the biomechanical properties.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-eight rabbits were excluded from the study due to incision infection or death, and finally 12, 12, 12, and 16 rabbits in groups A-D were included in the study, respectively. After operation, the tendon-bone interface of groups A and B healed poorly, while group C healed well. At 6 and 12 weeks, the number of fibroblasts and positive expression rate of JNK protein in group C were significantly higher than those of groups A, B, and D (P<0.05). Compared with 6 weeks, the number of fibroblasts gradually decreased and the positive expression rate of JNK protein and AI decreased in group C at 12 weeks after operation, with significant differences (P<0.05). Biomechanical tests showed that the maximum loads at 6 and 12 weeks after operation in group C were higher than in groups A and B, but lower than those in group D, while the maximum tensile distance results were opposite, but the differences between groups were significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#After ACL reconstruction, local injection of a mixture of KGN-ADSCs and fibrin glue can promote the tendon-bone healing and enhance the mechanical strength and tensile resistance of the tendon-bone interface.

ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantation: report of 23 cases / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ABO-incompatible (ABOi) living-related kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 23 recipients undergoing ABOi living-related kidney transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to the initial blood group antibody titers in the recipients before surgery, different individualized pretreatment regimens were adopted, including oral intake of immunosuppressive drugs plus rituximab, or oral intake of immunosuppressive drugs plus plasma exchange and/or double filtration plasmapheresis plus rituximab. The blood group antibody titers before and after pretreatment, before and after kidney transplantation, and perioperative renal function and related complications were monitored. Renal allograft function and related complications were observed during postoperative follow-up. Results Among 23 recipients undergoing ABOi living-related kidney transplantation, except for one case presenting with hyperacute rejection during operation, the serum creatinine levels of the remaining 22 recipients were restored normal. Perioperative complications included lymphatic fistula in 4 cases, 1 case of urinary fistula, 1 case of perirenal hematoma complicated with T cell-mediated rejection, 6 cases of urinary system infection, 1 case of acute tubular necrosis, 1 case of acute pancreatitis, 1 case of blood group antibody titer rebound, and 1 case of primary disease recurrence, and all of these complications were cured after corresponding treatment. During postoperative follow-up, the graft and recipient survival rates of 22 recipients were 100%, and renal allograft function was normal. The blood group antibody titer were all ≤1:8 during follow-up. Complications during follow-up included 2 cases of severe lung infection, 1 case of antibody-mediated rejection, 2 cases of primary disease recurrence, 1 case of lymphocyst, 1 case of urinary system infection, 1 case of herpes zoster, 1 case of BK viruria and 2 cases of abnormal blood glucose levels. Conclusions ABOi living-related kidney transplantation may be safely performed by selecting individualized pretreatment regimens according to antibody titers by different blood groups. However, high-dose rituximab or combined use of rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin may cause severe infectious complications in highly sensitized recipients.

Biología comparada del conejo criollo (Sylvilagus sp.) y el conejo doméstico europeo (Oryctolagus sp.) con antecedentes de su consumo en una ciudad de Venezuela / Compared Biology of the Native Rabbit (Sylvilagus sp.) and the European Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus sp.) with a Background of Rabbit Consumption in a Venezuelan City

Resumen Las diferencias biológicas entre el conejo criollo Sylvilagus sp. (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) y el conejo europeo (Oryctolagus sp.) son poco conocidas entre cunicultores de Latinoamérica, bien sea porque la cunicultura es una explotación menor, comparada con las de otras especies de animales domésticos, o porque la enseñanza de esta materia en estudios universitarios es escaza. El objetivo central de esta investigación fue examinar comparativamente las diferencias existentes entre conejos Sylvilagus sp. y Oryctolagus sp., en relación con su biología, consumo y explotación comercial. Para ello se usó el sistema del metanálisis de trabajos científicos publicados sobre el tema, noticias de prensa y entrevistas realizadas a consumidores en el lapso del 2000 al 2019. Se tomaron en cuenta características morfológicas, fisiológicas, de origen genético y su comportamiento con relación al medio ambiente. Se organizaron y analizaron estas características para establecer las posibles semejanzas y diferencias entre ambos géneros. Como la familia Leporidae comprende tres géneros en Suramérica, se incluyó el género Lepus sp. solo en un cuadro comparativo de géneros. Se encontraron diferencias biológicas, genéticas y reproductivas significativas entre los géneros Sylvilagus sp. y Oryctolagus sp. que pueden ser imperceptibles para cunicultores inexpertos; por ende, se buscó hacer notar las características de cada género para su identificación práctica. Se determinó que el consumo de la carne de conejo depende de la disponibilidad que exista en el mercado.

Abstract Biologic differences between the native rabbit Sylvilagus sp. (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) and the European rabbit (Oryctolagus sp.) are quite unknown among Latin-American rabbit-breeders, either since rabbit-breeding is scarcely exploited as compared to other species of domestic animals or because this subject is taught very unusually in the college education. This research is aimed at examining comparatively the differences between Sylvilagus sp. and Oryctolagus sp. rabbits regarding their biology, consumption, and business exploitation. To do so, a meta-analysis was carried out on different scientific works dealing with this topic, news, and interviews to consumers during the term 2000 to 2019. Morphological, physiological, and genetic-origin characteristics were considered as well as how they behave in relation to the environment. These characteristics were organized and analyzed to determine the potential similarities and differences between both genuses. As the family Leporidae includes three genuses in South America, then the genus Lepus sp. was included only in a genus comparative table. Significant biologic, genetic and reproductive differences between Sylvilagus sp. And Oryctolagus sp. were found but they can be unnoticed to the unexpert rabbit-breeders. Therefore, characteristics typical to each genus were highlighted to allow a practical identification. It was determined that the consumption of rabbit meat depends on the availability in the market.

Histochemical assessment of mucin-secreting cells in the stomach of domestic rabbit / Evaluación histoquímica de células secretoras de mucina en el estómago de conejo doméstico

SUMMARY: The mucous substances of the stomach in mammals are important not only for the protection of the gastric epithelium from the acid environment and grinding actions, but it facilitates some other functions of the stomach such as antibacterial, antimetastatic, and immunological roles. The goal of the study is to highlight the distribution of mucin-secreting cells in the gastric mucosa in domestic rabbits, including the type of mucus synthesized. The gastric samples collected from ten individual rabbits were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin and underwent later standard paraffin tissue sample processing, which included dehydration, clarification, and embedding in paraffin. The tissue sections were eventually stained histochemically by PAS reaction and by Alcian blue method (pH 2.5) for neutral and acidic mucins detection, respectively. The quantification of mucins in the cytoplasm of mucus-secreting cells was performed by grading the gastric tissue samples from negative (-) to intensely positive (++). The mucus elaboration was observed in all the regions of the stomach (i.e., cardial, fundic, and pyloric regions), but only for the neutral mucin. The acidic mucin synthesis occurred only in the secretory units of the gastric glands from the cardial region in the stomach. Pyloric glands synthesized the largest amounts of neutral mucins, followed by moderate amounts elaborated by cardial glands, while the fundic region does not synthesize it at all. The description of new microscopic features of the stomach in rabbits is fundamental not only for comprehending species-related physiological features but gastric pathological processes.

RESUMEN: Las sustancias mucosas del estómago en los mamíferos son importantes no solo para la protección del epitelio gástrico del ambiente ácido y las acciones de trituración, sino que facilitan además otras funciones del estómago, como son las funciones antibacterianas, antimetastásicas e inmunológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue resaltar la distribución de las células secretoras de mucina en la mucosa gástrica de conejos domésticos, incluido el tipo de moco sintetizado. Las muestras gástricas recolectadas de diez conejos se fijaron en formalina tamponada al 10 % y se sometieron a un procesamiento que incluyó deshidratación, clarificación e inclusión en parafina. Las secciones de tejido finalmente se tiñeron histoquímicamente mediante la reacción de PAS y el método del azul de Alcian (pH 2,5) para la detección de mucinas neutras y ácidas, respectivamente. La cuantificación de mucinas en el citoplasma de las células secretoras de moco se realizó clasificando las muestras de tejido gástrico desde negativas (-) hasta intensamente positivas (++). La elaboración de moco se observó en todas las regiones del estómago (es decir, cardias, fúndica y pilórica), pero solo para la mucina neutra. La síntesis de mucina ácida ocurrió solo en las unidades secretoras de las glándulas gástricas de la región correspondiente al cardias del estómago. Las glándulas pilóricas sintetizaron la mayor cantidad de mucinas neutras, seguidas de cantidades moderadas elaboradas por las glándulas cardiales, mientras que la región fúndica no las sintetizó en abso- luto. La descripción de nuevas características microscópicas del estómago en conejos es fundamental no solo para comprender las características fisiológicas relacionadas con las especies sino también para entender los procesos patológicos gástricos.

Preliminary study of rabbits as an animal model of mammalian eye transplantation and literature review / Estudo preliminar de coelhos como modelo animal para transplante de olho em mamíferos e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe an innovative animal model of eye transplantation used in rabbits. Methods: six Dutch-belted male rabbits were submitted to lateral orbitotomy in the right eye, wide retrobulbar anatomy exposure, dissection of the structures, identification and distal section of the optic nerve followed by anastomosis either by vicryl (group 1) or fibrin glue (group 2). Electroretinography recording was performed before the section of the optic nerve and every 30 seconds after, to monitor the function of retina. Left eye was used as control group. Results: After optic nerve resection and anastomosis, stable ERG amplitude of the right eye was lost after 302 seconds in group 1 and after 296 seconds on group 2. Left eye kept longer stable ERG amplitude curves. Conclusions: The animal model of whole eye transplantation was effective in describing a novel technique to be used in rabbits, with success of the anatomic procedure. Further studies will clarify the best anastomosis methods and maintenance of function of the receptor organ. Translational relevance: this animal model of whole eye transplantation provides a novel perspective for blind patients and the research models, since we describe a novel mammal animal model. This model can be used as basis of a human model of whole eye transplantation in future studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever uma técnica cirúrgica inovadora para transplante de olho em um modelo animal em coelhos. Métodos: Seis coelhos machos com Dutch Belted foram submetidos à orbitotomia lateral do olho direito, com ampla exposição da anatomia retrobulbar, dissecção do cone muscular, exposição e secção distal do nervo óptico seguida de anastomose por vicryl (Grupo 1) ou cola de fibrina (Grupo 2). O registro da eletrorretinografia foi realizado antes da secção do nervo óptico e a cada 30 segundos após, para monitorar a função da retina. O olho esquerdo foi usado como grupo controle. Resultados: Após a ressecção do nervo óptico, a estabilidade da amplitude da eletrorretinografia foi perdida no olho direito após 302 segundos no Grupo 1 e após 296 segundos no Grupo 2. O olho esquerdo manteve eletrorretinografia estável por períodos mais longos. Conclusão: O modelo animal de transplante total de olho foi eficaz em descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica para ser utilizada em laboratório com coelhos, com sucesso do procedimento anatômico. Novos estudos esclarecerão os melhores métodos de anastomose e manutenção da função do órgão receptor.

Effects of vibration on the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rabbits / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the effects of vibration on the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rabbits. Methods: Thirty-two 3.5-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into low-intensity group, medium-intensity group, high-intensity group and control group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in the experimental group were subjected to hind limb vibration load test for 45 days. The vibration intensity of the high intensity group was 12.26 m/s(2), the medium intensity group was 6.13 m/s(2), and the low intensity group was 3.02 m/s(2) according to the effective value of weighted acceleration[a(hw (4))] for 4 hours of equal energy frequency. The control group was exposed to noise only in the same experimental environment as the medium-intensity group. The noise levels of each group were measured during the vibration load experiment. After the test, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial fusion gene (Mfn1/Mfn2) and fission gene (Fis1, Drp1) by RT-PCR in the skeletal muscles were measured and the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscles were observed in high intensity group. Results: The mRNA expression of mitochondrial in the skeletal muscle tissues of control group, low intensity group, medium intensity group and high intensity group were Mfn1: 3.25±1.36, 3.85±1.90, 4.53±2.31 and 11.63±7.68; Mfn2: 0.68±0.25, 1.02±0.40, 0.94±0.33 and 1.40±0.45; Fis1: 1.05±0.62, 1.15±0.59, 1.53±1.06 and 2.46±1.51 and Drp1: 3.72±1.76, 2.91±1.63, 3.27±2.01 and 4.21±2.46, respectively. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Mfn1 mRNA, Mfn2 mRNA and Fis1 mRNA in the high-intensity group increased significantly (P<0.05) , and the expressions of Mfn2 mRNA in the medium-intensity group and the low-intensity group increased significantly (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of high intensity group showed mitochondrial focal accumulation, cristae membrane damage, vacuole-like changes; Z-line irregularity of muscle fibers, and deficiency of sarcomere. Conclusion: Vibration must be lead to the abnormal mitochondrial morphology and structure and the disorder of energy metabolism due to the expression imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes in skeletal muscles of rabbits, which may be an important target of vibration-induced skeletal muscle injury.

Establishment and Application of dose evaluation model for typical mammal in dry region in China / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To establish a simplified anatomical model with the selected rabbits widely distributed in China′s dry region as the reference species and compare the result of internal exposure dose coefficients based on the present mode and ERICA.Methods:A simplified anatomical model based on anatomy and geometry was established for rabbits. Combined with Monte Carlo program, the deposited energy of radionuclide particles in rabbit tissues/organs was obtained, and the internal and external exposure dose coefficient for rabbits was calculated following the empirical formula.Results:Simplified anatomy model-based dose coefficients were 129I 4.81 × 10 -6, 137Cs 4.34 × 10 -5, and 134Cs 3.81 × 10 -5(μGy·h -1)/(Bq·kg -1) for internal exposure and 129I 3.16 × 10 -7, 137Cs 2.39 × 10 -4 and 134Cs 6.22 × 10 -4(μGy·h -1)/(Bq· kg -1) for external exposure. respectively. ERICA-based dose coefficients were 129I 4.44 × 10 -5, 137Cs 1.94 × 10 -4 and 134Cs 2.34 × 10 -4(μGy·h -1)/(Bq·kg -1) for internal exposure and 129I 2.19 × 10 -6, 137Cs 2.52 × 10 -4 and 134Cs 6.95 × 10 -4(μGy·h -1)/(Bq·kg -1) for external exposure, respectively. Conclusions:The simplified anatomical model established is based on the measured data and focuses on the radiation doses to biological tissues/organs, and the calculated result based on the present model are closer to the actual situation, and can provide reference values for the reference biological evaluation of non-human species.

Saphenous vascular periosteal flap in prevention of bone bridge formation after epiphyseal plate injury: An experimental study / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To establish a model of epiphyseal plate injury in juvenile rabbits and explore the effect of periosteum flap with saphenous artery on preventing the formation of bone bridge after epiphyseal plate injury.Methods:From July 2017 to January 2018, 30 young New Zealand immature rabbit were randomly grouped into 3 groups (group A, B and C, with 10 rabbits per group). The blood vessels of knee joint were dissected and a periosteum flap with saphenous artery were designed. A model of distal femoral epiphyseal plate injury was established in immature rabbits with a 3.0 mm Kirschner wire on one side of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate as experimental side, and the other side of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate was assigned as control side. The injured epiphysis were prepared and described as follow: in experimental side of group A, a piece of periosteum with the same size as that in group C was resected and discarded. In experimental side of group B, a periosteal flap without vascular pedicle was filled in the injured area. And in experimental side of group C, a periosteum flap with saphenous artery was filled in the injured area. The length and varus angle of femur specimens of length and varus angle of femur specimens wihthin groups were measured at 24 weeks after surgery to evaluate the effect on bone growth in epiphyseal plate injury. The effect of the periosteum flap with saphenous artery on preventing a formation of bone bridge was assessed by section view of decalcified specimens, HE staining and toluidine blue staining. The measured data were expressed as Mean and standard deviation (Mean±SD), and data were compared within and between the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results:The femur of experimental side of group A and B showed obvious short with valgus deformity compared with that of control side, and the difference of length and varus angle of femur specimens wihthin groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the length and valgus angle of the femur between experimental side and its control side in group C ( P>0.05). In experimental side of group A, there were bone bridges in the epiphyseal lesion area, with a clear boundary to the surrounding epiphyseal plate. In experimental side of group B, the periosteum flap in the injured area was absorbed, accompanied by the formation of a few pale white bone tissue, and with a clear boundary to the surrounding epiphyseal plate. In experimental side of group C, the lesion area was filled with milky white cartilage tissue with the same colour as the epiphyseal plate, and with an unclear boundary with the epiphyseal plate. HE stain and toluidine blue staining showed that the injured area of group A was filled with a large number of bone tissue, but no obvious cartilage tissue was observed. In group B, the area of lesion was filled mainly with fibrous tissue, with a small amount of bone tissue. In group C, a large number of hyaline cartilage tissues were formed along the tunnel of the injury area, and closely connected with the normal epiphyseal plate. Conclusion:Filling a periosteum flap with saphenous artery after epiphyseal plate injury can prevent the formation of bone bridge and prevent the affected limb form shortening and angulation.

Experimental study on rabbit lamellar corneal transplantation with double-layer corneal stromal lens attactched by fibrin sealant / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the biocompatibility of double-layer corneal stromal lens attactched by fibrin sealant(FS)<i>in vivo</i>, and to explore the feasibility of using this material for corneal transplantation.<p>METHODS: Fifteen healthy and clean New Zealand white rabbits were selected for a self-control study. The right eye of the rabbit was used as the experimental eye and the left eye was used as the control eye. The experimental eyes used FS adhesived double-layer corneal stromal lens as the material for lamellar keratoplasty, and the control eyes did not undergo manual intervention. At 7,14, and 28d after surgery, a hand-held slit lamp was used to observe the cornea of the rabbits and then score the biocompatibility. The corneas of both eyes were taken for histopathological examination by HE staining to observe the corneal recovery at the same time.<p>RESULTS: Slit lamp observation results showed that by 28d after the operation, the corneal epithelium of the experimental eyes grew well, the degree of corneal transparency was basically restored, the degree of edema was reduced, the growth of neovascularization to the corneal edge was not aggravated, and no rejection reaction such as epithelial and endothelial rejection lines were seen; The control eyes had clear corneas and smooth corneal epithelium. The results of biocompatibility score showed that the degree of corneal implant edema gradually decreased, the transparency gradually recovered, the rejection reaction was less, and the biocompatibility of corneal implants was better in the experimental eyes after corneal transplantation. There were no differences in the degree of corneal transparency, edema and neovascularization growth between the experimental and control eyes at 28d after surgery(<i>P</i>>0.01). The results of histopathological examination showed that by 28d after corneal transplantation, there were 4-5 layers of corneal epithelial cells covering the surface of the implant in the experimental eyes, the corneal collagen was neatly and regularly arranged, no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in the implant, the boundary between the two lenses disappeared, the interlayer FS was completely absorbed by the organism, the implant was fused with the implant bed, and no obvious demarcation was seen.<p>CONCLUSION:Using FS pasted double-layer corneal stroma lens as a graft for lamellar keratoplasty has better recovery, less rejection and better biocompatibility, and can be used for lamellar keratoplasty.

Efecto antioxidante de la miel de abeja sobre la carne de conejo almacenada en refrigeración / Antioxidant effect of bee honey on rabbit meat stored under refrigeration

Resumen La oxidación de lípidos deteriora los alimentos, por lo que se usan antioxidantes sintéticos para disminuirla, sin embargo, estos compuestos en exceso poseen efectos carcinogénicos. Algunas plantas como el orégano, así como la miel de abeja, contienen antioxidantes naturales que no dañan la salud. Hasta el momento no se han encontrado registros del uso de la miel de abeja para disminuir la oxidación lipídica en carne de conejos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la miel de abeja como antioxidante en la carne cruda de lomo de conejo almacenada en refrigeración a 4 °C. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante (AA) de tres tipos de miel: oscura, ámbar y clara, para mezclarla con la carne de conejo. Se seleccionó la miel oscura por su mayor efecto antioxidante. Se prepararon 64 muestras de 100 g de carne cruda, 32 se mezclaron con 2 g de miel oscura y las otras 32 se dejaron sin miel (control). Las muestras se almacenaron a 4°C y se evaluó la AA y la concentración de malondialdehído (MDA) a los 0 d, 3 d, 6 d y 9 d de almacenamiento. La AA disminuyó y la concentración de MDA aumentó (P < 0.05) con el tiempo de refrigeración (cambios que indican deterioro de la carne). A los 3 d y 6 d, las muestras de carne cruda con miel exhibieron mayor AA (P < 0.05), y a los 6 d, menores valores de MDA (P < 0.05) comparadas con las muestras control (indicando que no hubo deterioro de la carne). La miel oscura de abeja contiene altas concentraciones de antioxidantes naturales que protegen a la carne cruda molida de lomo de conejo contra el daño oxidativo que puede presentarse durante la refrigeración, por lo que se recomienda su uso para este fin.

Abstract Lipid oxidation deteriorates foods; therefore, synthetic antioxidants are used to decrease it. However, excess synthetic antioxidants have carcinogenic effects. Some plants such as oregano, as well as bee honey, contain natural antioxidants which are not harmful to health. No reports were found on the use of bee honey to decrease lipid oxidation in rabbit meat. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of bee honey as antioxidant on raw rabbit loin, refrigerated at 4 °C. The antioxidant activity (AA)of three types of honey was evaluated: dark, amber and clear, to be mixed with rabbit meat. Dark honey was selected for its higher antioxidant effect. 64 samples of 100 g of raw meat were prepared, 32 samples were mixed with 2 g dark honey and the other 32 were left without honey (control). The samples were stored at 4 °C and AA as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were evaluated at 0 d, 3 d, 6 d and 9 d of storage. The AA decreased, and the MDA concentration increased (P < 0.05) with refrigeration time (changes that indicate meat spoilage). After 3 d and 6 d, the raw meat samples with honey showed higher AA (P < 0.05) and after 6 d, they showed lower MDA values (P < 0.05) compared to the control samples (these changes indicate no spoilage of meat). Dark bee honey contains high concentrations of natural antioxidants that protect ground raw rabbit loin against oxidative damage that can occur during refrigeration, therefore, its use is recommended for this purpose.

Acellular dermal matrix in skin wound healing in rabbits - histological and histomorphometric analyses

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the histology and histomorphometry of healing associated with acellular dermal matrix in skin wounds in rabbits. METHODS: Twelve male rabbits were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the matrix group (MG). Three skin wounds with a total area of 20 × 20 mm were created on the dorsal region of each animal. Photographic records of the lesions taken over a 21-day period and use of the ImageJ program allowed calculation of the wound contraction rate. The lesions were biopsied on days 3, 14 and 21 for histomorphometric analysis to define the thicknesses of the dermis and epidermis (hematoxylin-eosin) and calculate the densities of type I and type III collagen (picrosirius). RESULTS: No significant difference in the healing rate was found between the groups (p>0.05). The MG presented greater epidermal thickness on day 3 (p<0.05) and on days 14 and 21 (p<0.001). The MG presented greater dermal thickness throughout the study period (p<0.05). The type I collagen density was higher in the MG throughout the study period (p<0.05), and the type III collagen density was higher in the MG on days 3 and 14 (p<0.05) and on day 21 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of acellular dermal matrix increased the thickness of the dermal and epidermal layers and the amount of type I and III collagen during skin wound healing and did not alter the rate of wound contraction.

The role and significance of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young rabbits / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young rabbits.Methods:Sixty 8-week-old rabbits weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were randomly divided into steroid injection group (48 cases) and control group (12 cases). Rabbits in the former group were injected with Prednisolone Acetate 7.5 mg/kg into bilateral gluteal muscles twice a week for 8 weeks, and those with successful modeling were included in the disease group; otherwise, they were included in the non-disease group.Rabbits in control group were similarly injected with the same volume of 9 g/L saline.Penicillin sodium 50 000 U/rabbit was injected once a week for preventing infection.After 8 weeks of injection, CT was performed in all the experimental animals.They were then sacrificed for collecting bilateral femoral heads.Expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, Smad2 and Smad3 in the femoral head were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA level of Runx2 in the femoral head was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the expression differences of related factors in each group were compared.Results:In steroid injection group (48 cases), 6 rabbits were sacrificed, and 32 survived, involving 6/32 cases (18.75%) experimental animals with positive avascular necrosis (disease group), and 26 negative ones (non-disease group). ELISA data showed that expression levels of TGF-β1 in control group, non-disease group and disease group were (77.12±14.62) ng/L, (90.17±11.90) ng/L and (126.14±25.66) ng/L, respectively ( t=3.35, 4.24, all P<0.05). The expression levels of TGF-β2 in control group, non-disease group and disease group were (74.54±7.63) ng/L, (89.24±9.51) ng/L and (109.74±16.45) ng/L, respectively ( t=4.12, 5.65, all P<0.01). The expression levels of Smad2 in control group, non-disease group and disease group were (17.74±2.72) μg/L, (23.82±3.58) μg/L and (31.28±3.88) μg/L, respectively ( t= 4.54, 7.99, all P<0.01). The expression levels of Smad3 in control group, non-disease group and disease group were (1.76±0.52) μg/L, (2.39±0.45) μg/L and (3.53±0.47) μg/L, respectively ( t=5.60, 6.71, all P<0.01). qPCR data showed that the mRNA levels of Runx2 in control group, non-disease group and disease group were 1.02±0.17, 1.27±0.14, and 1.72±0.11, respectively ( t=7.60, 8.91, all P<0.01). Conclusions:TGF-β is up-regulated in the model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young rabbits, which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and triggers the process of bone remodeling.The TGF-β signaling pathway involved in the repair of necrotic bone.