RESUMEN
In 2003, the responsibility of radiation source safety supervision was redivided and transferred from the health department to the environmental protection department. After the promulgation and implementation of the Rule on the Administration of Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy in 2006, due to the incorporation of a large number of medical practice supervision rules, the radiation health supervision of medical institutions has evolved into the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy supervision. In the past 16 years, radiation, occupational health supervision, and medical practice supervision have not been well integrated, and there are many legal problems in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy supervision. The regulation rules of environmental protection, metrology, and other relevant departments on radiation sources and radiation devices have been constantly changing, resulting in overly complex regulatory requirements on radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, which increases the burden of medical institutions. This paper reviews the historical evolution and legal system changes of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy supervision, analyzes the problems and challenges faced by the relevant regulatory departments, and proposes ways to improve the supervision system.
RESUMEN
Caudal regression syndrome is a very rare neural tube disorder, in which the caudal vertebral column and spinal cord develop abnormally, causing substantial sensory and motor deficits, primarily in the legs. An abnormality in the spinal cord and nerve roots interacts with a section of lumbar, lumbosacral, or coccygeal spinal dysgenesis or agenesis. Here, we present a rare case of caudal regression syndrome in a 3-year-old male child who was brought to the pediatrics department with a serious complaint of urine dribbling since infancy. The infant was discovered with spina bifida, lumbar scoliosis, and cavus deformity in both feet during a routine health check. For which, a neurological opinion was taken. Plain X-ray revealed a partial sacral agenesis, MRI revealed anterior and posterior nerve roots of cauda equina divided into two bundles of fibers due to abnormal path. The lower back and both gluteal areas were underdeveloped. On the basis of radiological findings, a diagnosis of the syndrome was confirmed.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the basic situation of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy institutions and the frequency of medical exposure in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. Methods A general survey using the questionnaire was conducted online to obtain the basic situation of the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy institutions, the number of people in each type of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy project, and the number of the usually resident population in the whole district in 2019, thus obtaining the frequency of medical exposure in each type of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy project. Results There were 60 radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy institutions, 565 radiology staff, and 199 sets of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment in the whole district in 2019. The frequency of medical exposure was 521.29 per 1000 people, among which conventional medical diagnostic X-ray workers accounted for 301.79 per 1000 people (57.89%) and computed tomography workers accounted for 207.56 per 1000 people (39.82%). The number of tertiary hospitals accounted for 6.67% of the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy institutions, and the number of people exposed tomedical radiation in tertiary hospitals accounted for 52.25% of the total. The number of secondary hospitals accounted for 5.00% of the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy institutions, and the number of people exposed to medical radiation in secondary hospitals accounted for 27.83% of the total. Conclusion The distribution of medical exposure in Fangshan District is uneven. The radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy technology used is relatively single. Relevant departments should strengthen macroscopic readjustment and control, and formulate reasonable policies, so as to rationally allocate and effectively utilize medical and health resources.
RESUMEN
@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the current status of application of resources on medical exposure in Dongying, China, and to provide fundamental data for setting up the health information management system of occupational radiation diseases and implementing health supervision and management strategies. <b>Methods</b> According to the requirements of monitoring program on radiation health of Dongying in 2021, a general survey was carried out in all medical institutions (other than dental clinics) providing radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy services by the field investigation method using the unified questionnaires and survey content, and a descriptive analysis was conducted on the results. <b>Results</b> There were 92 institutions of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in Dongying, 1112 radiation workers who accounted for 5.9% of all workers on duty, including 679 (61.1%) males and 433 (38.9%) females, and 364 pieces of radiation equipment, including 339 for X-ray diagnosis, 8 for radiotherapy, 2 for nuclear medicine, and 15 for interventional radiology. The allocation of personal protective equipment for interventional radiology staff in tertiary hospitals was higher than that in secondary hospitals, in which there were 0.36 and 0.23 pieces of lead-rubber aprons, 0.43 and 0.30 pieces of lead-rubber hats, 0.50 and 0.35 pieces of lead-rubber collars, 0.05 and 0 pairs of lead-rubber gloves, and 0.31 and 0.17 pairs of lead protection glasses per capita, respectively. The allocation rates of lead-rubber collars and lead protection glasses in the nuclear medicine staff were higher than those in the interventional radiology staff, with 0.63 collars and 0.88 pairs per capita, respectively. The annual frequency of medical exposure was calculated to be 864.3 person-times per 1000 population for radiodiagnosis and 5.2 patients per 1000 population for radiotherapy. <b>Conclusion</b> The allocation and application of resources on medical exposure in Dongying is unbalanced, so it is demanded to set up a health information management system of occupational radiation diseases for continuously mastering the application of medical exposure and adopting differentiated regulatory measures such as rating classification in Dongying.
RESUMEN
It is an important technical means to ensure that the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment can be put into use normally to carry out acceptance test after the newly installed, maintained or replaced important components. Health inspection found that medical institutions are often easy to ignore the acceptance test in the process of use, and do not carry out acceptance test on the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment after maintenance or replacement of important components. However, it is difficult to ask medical institutions to correct them without the definition and scope of ‘important components’ according to laws or technical standards. This paper studies and discusses the definition of ‘important components’ of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment, and puts forward some suggestions onthe practical application of the research results.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the current status of the radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy resources and medical exposure frequencies in Huai′an City.Methods:According to the monitoring data in the " Radiological Health Information Management Platform of Jiangsu Province" in 2020, a descriptive analysis was conducted on the personnel, equipment, and exposure frequencies in the institutes engaged in radiation-based diagnosis and treatment in Huai′an.Results:A total of 181 hospitals were investigated in 2020, including 7 tertiary hospitals(3.9%), 24 secondary hospitals(13.3%), 126 primary hospitals(69.6%), and 24 ungraded hospitals(13.3%). There were 1 397 radiation workers, including 948 males and 449 females, and 459 pieces of radiation equipment, including 420 for radio diagnosis, 13 for radiotherapy, 4 for nuclear medicine, and 22 for interventional radiology. The hospitals of different grades greatly differed in the number of radiation workers and equipment. There were 80.1, 20.9, 2.2, and 2.0 radiation workers and 15.7, 5.5, 1.4, and 1.6 pieces of radiation equipment in the tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, primary hospitals, and ungraded hospitals, respectively on average. There were 2 903 246, 27 648, 8 087, and 17 874 receiving radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and interventional radiology, respectively in 2020. The medical exposure frequencies in the whole city were calculated to be 599.50 per 1 000 population, including 334.59 treated with conventional X-rays, 239.82 receiving CT scan, 14.18 for breast and dentistry, 3.62 receiving interventional radiology, 5.61 treated with radiotherapy, and 1.69 receiving nuclear medicine.Conclusions:The radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy resources are unbalanced in the hospitals of different grades in Huai′an City. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the reasonable allocation of medical resources. Meanwhile, radiation workers in secondary hospitals may be more prone to job burnout. Facing the normalization of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, the supervision and management of radiological health should be strengthened to ensure the legitimacy of radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy and theoptimization of protection. The frequencies of medical exposure are consistent with the local economic level. To analyze the differences in medical exposure frequencies and predict the developmental trends in different regions, it is necessary to establish a more accurate prediction model.
RESUMEN
The rapid development of medical application of ionizing radiation has seen a range of safety and protection problems that might be of importance. This paper aims to introduce the current situation and existing problems in the public medical exposure, and to propose the relevant suggestions, based on a combination of judgment of medical radiation exposure justification, quality assurance and control of equipment in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, occupational protection of radiation workers, and health effects on patients undergoing radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.
RESUMEN
The incidence of prostate cancer has been gradually increasing in the world. Checking the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and a digital rectal examination (DRE) are the gold standards for prostate cancer screening. Prostate gland is divided into four zones, the peripheral zone (PZ), transitional zone and central zone and anterior nonglandular fibromuscular stroma. Prostate is divided into minimum 16 and optionally 27 regions of interest as per European consensus meeting. Until recently, most professionals have been skeptical that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used on a widespread basis to diagnose or stage prostate cancer with any degree of reliability, and therefore help with making treatment decisions. The aim of the present study was to study diagnostic value of mpMRI of prostate in cases of raised PSA but with negative biopsy. The present study was carried out in the post graduate department of Radiodiagnosis and imaging Govt. Medical College Srinagar over a period of one year from May 2016 to April 2017. All patients with negative prostatic biopsy were evaluated on Siemens 3 tesla MRI scanner. All patients underwent initial T1W scanning to look for any evidence of hemorrhage and patients having hemorrhage due to previous biopsy were also excluded from study or their study was deferred until hemorrhagic artifacts disappear. After proper case selection patients were subjected to detail Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for prostate 6-8 weeks period was given from previous biopsy time to MRI study and cases with hemorrhage on T1 weighted sequence were either excluded from study or their study was deferred till resolution of Aijaz Ahmad Hakeem, Irshad Mohiuddin, Tanvir Iqbal. Multi-parametric 3-Tesla MRI evaluation of prostate in cases with negative prostatic biopsy with raised PSA levels - A tertiary care hospital study. IAIM, 2018; 5(6): 5-13. Page 6 haemorrhage. The conclusion of the present study was that Mp-MRI prior to repeat biopsies can improve the detection rate of clinically significant PCa and allow for a more accuracy in prostate disease diagnosis.
RESUMEN
La protección radiológica del paciente busca evitar dosis innecesarias, que aumentan el riesgo de cáncer en la población. Se apunta a justificar y optimizar las prácticas, proteger a los individuos más sensibles, prevenir accidentes, realizar los estudios con radiación sólo cuando son imprescindibles y obtener las mejores imágenes con la menor dosis posible.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Pacientes , Protección RadiológicaRESUMEN
Objective To summarize the successful experience of radiodiagnosis specialist nursing model in our hospital.Methods Retrospectively analyze the course of establishment and development of radiodiagnosis specialist nursing model in our hospital.Many aspects including setting of the nursing unit,post,quota and salary,development of post responsibilities,systems,standards and procedures,establishment of quality control and performance evaluation system,standardization of the conventional specialist technology,study and application of the new specialist technology were expounded.Results Radiodiagnosis specialist nursing model had been established and improved after five years' exploration.Quality index of care,service and safety showed a steady upward trend.Specialist new technologies had prominent features.Teaching and research achieved initial success.Conclusions Establishment of radiodiagnosis specialist nursing model makes radiology nursing connotation more comprehensive.More importantly,it is of significance in guiding the development of radiodiagnosis specialist nursing.
RESUMEN
A pesar de la creciente utilización de estudios radiológicos durante el embarazo, continúan existiendo percepciones erróneas respecto a posibles riesgos materno/fetales de su uso. En esta revisión presentamos la evidencia relevante sobre los efectos potenciales y la seguridad clínica de la exposición a radiación en estudios diagnósticos durante el embarazo. La mayoría de los exámenes exponen al feto a radiación en dosis menores a 50 mSv, las que han demostrado no ser dañinas. Los medios de contraste yodados pueden producir efectos deletéreos en la glándula tiroides del feto en desarrollo. Para el gadolinio existe limitada experiencia, por lo que no se recomienda su uso, a menos que el beneficio justifique los riesgos potenciales. Tanto la ultrasonografía como la resonancia magnética son seguros para el feto, por lo que debieran ser preferidos. Recomendamos descartar embarazo antes de efectuar un estudio de radiodiagnóstico a una mujer en edad fértil, con el objetivo de no exponer a los fetos a radiación ionizante de manera no justificada. Sin embargo, cuando la necesidad diagnóstica y el tratamiento asociado lo requieran, el examen debe ser solicitado de manera usual informando a los pacientes los potenciales riesgos y beneficios.
Despite the increasing use of radiologic test during pregnancy, there are still wrong perceptions about maternal and fetal risks. Here we present relevant evidence about safety and potential side effects of radiation exposure in diagnostic imaging during pregnancy. Most x-ray studies expose the fetus to doses lower than 50 mSv, that have proven to be harmless. Iodine-based contrast media may damage the developing fetuses' thyroid gland. Experience in gadolinium use is limited, thus its use is not recommended, unless the potential benefit worth its potential risk. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance are safe to the fetus and they should be preferred over other techniques. We recommend discarding pregnancy before proceeding with any radio-diagnostic study in women of reproductive age, in order to prevent unnecessary fetal exposure to ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, when clinically justified, the x-ray study must be performed as usual, informing the patients about the potential risks and benefits.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Radiación Ionizante , Embarazo/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Apresenta o histórico da descoberta das radiações ionizantes, seus efeitos biológicos e a conseqüente necessidade de controle dos respectivos riscos à saúde. Descreve a evolução histórica do controle de risco em radiodiagnóstico no Brasil, demonstrando que este pode não estar associado apenas à dose recebida, mas também a erros de diagnóstico e a custos para o sistema de saúde. Salienta que a legislação sanitária tem um amplo leque de co-responsabilidade social para envolver todos os atores visando à proteção da saúde.