RESUMEN
Solid waste management (SWM) have becomes a very serious concern globally. The lack of individual responsibilities as well as proper attitude and approach leads to this issue. Rapid industrialization, increase in population and further increase in standard of living and poor waste management have increased the serous health issue. In India we generate about one 1 lakh ton of MSW per day. Almost every ton of MSW is disposed of unscientifically. Though the compostable organic waste ranges between 34-70 percent, improper segregation or no segregation at source has challenged the further treatment and disposal experiments. Ranchi city need to be taken care by various new SWM techniques, proper management skill and adequate care the diseases and improve medical conditions. This paper deals with the proper description of the current MSWM process and the real time scenario where every individual is a source of waste creation. The effect of growing population of last ten years outcome of waste quality and quantity generated throughout these years have been discussed. It is observed that more than 4000 tons of waste per month is being generated. Researches shows that the disposal of solid waste requires 2,700,000 m2 area for the land up to the year 2030. Far sustainable development and effective management it is suggested that implementation of newer technologies, training of common people, and effective implementation of government policies will help to come out of these current issues
RESUMEN
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular neoplasm of children. Retinoblastomas can present at birth but are usually diagnosed between 1 and 2 years of age, with heritable cases arising in younger infants. This is a retrospective study conducted at a Tertiary care centre, RAJENDRA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, RANCHI from May, 2018 to April 2019. 4 cases with histopathological diagnosis of retinoblastoma were included in the study. The age of the patients of these 4 cases were 20months, 24months, 31months and 68months. The mean age being 35.75months and median age being 22months. 3 out of 4 cases were male patients. Optic nerve as involved in 2 of the cases. It is important that attention be given to the details of the histopathological report in Retinoblastoma, particularly optic nerve invasion, corneal involvement, anterior and posterior chamber involvement to determine post-enucleation therapy and prognosis.
RESUMEN
Background: Increase in teenage pregnancy and illegal abortion have become a major concern in India and understanding adolescent sexual behavior still remains a challenge. Nearly 60% of abortion in India is illegal. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge about abortion among late adolescent girls (16–19 years). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Bachelor of Arts 1st year students of Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi. It included girls in the age group of 16–19 years. The duration of the study was 3 months (August–October 2018). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics analysis includes percentage and mean with standard deviation. To assess the knowledge level scoring was done. Analysis of variance was done to test the difference in knowledge score. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee and permission was then taken from the principal of Ranchi Women’s College. Results: A total of 71 students gave assent/consent. The mean age of study subjects was 18.25 (0.68) years. Every student had heard about abortion, but still 19 of them thought abortion to be illegal in India. Of 22 students who claimed to know the gestational age up to which abortion can be done, only 5.6% had correct knowledge. Regarding the place where abortion must be done, 40.8% answered correctly. Most of the respondents (39.4%) mentioned rape to be the condition for legal abortion followed by risk of child abnormality. The common complication is known as bleeding and infection. Friends were the most common source of information. Only 2.8% of girls had satisfactory knowledge, the average and low knowledge being present in 33.8% and 63.4% of girls, respectively. Conclusion: This study seeks to determine the existing knowledge of teenagers which was found to be very low. This calls researchers to explore the existing knowledge gap and ways to reduce it at early stage so that maximum could be benefitted from MTP act.
RESUMEN
The species diversity of a cultural eutrophic lake at Ranchi was studied in relation to external variables (forcing functions) and internal or state variables. The lake receives daily detergent inputs in the form of washings of a variety of objects. A model was constructed for the estimation of detergent inputs from the increase in the phosphate concentration, and from changes in the concentration of inorganic carbon. Nutrients such as inorganic carbon, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates were found to be high in contrast to natural unpolluted systems. The DOM, COD and BOD were also found to be high suggesting organic pollution of the system with an organic carbon load of 5.4 m moles l-1. The growth and development of the plankton constituents was studied in this regime. The natural planktonic rhythm was found to be modified by the polluted condition existing in the lake. The phytoplankton exhibited four peaks in March, May, August, and November while, the zooplankton showed three peaks in February, July and October. The abundance of zooplankton during the annual cycle oscillated with that of the phytoplankton. There was much more evenness in the zooplankton population in comparison to the phytoplankton. Analysis of both, the zooplankton as well as the phytoplankton population was done using the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, importance value index and Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The importance value index was found to provide a better evaluation of the plankton community than the diversity index. The phytoplankton population showed no correlation with nutrient availability as indicated by the correlation-regression analysis and the planktonic rhythm was not in tune with normal unpolluted conditions. The lake was classified as meso-polysaprobic using biological and chemical indices (Pantle and Buck index:3.5, BOD:60; DOM:9.3 and COD:130).