Lesión de Bony Bankart: conceptos fundamentales para su comprensión y tratamiento / Bony Bankart lesions: fundamental concepts to understand and treat them

Las lesiones óseas en el borde anterior del anillo glenoideo secundarias a un episodio de inestabilidad anterior del hombro cada vez son más reportadas. Conocidas como lesión de Bony Bankart, su presencia genera una pérdida de la estabilidad estática glenohumeral que provoca un aumento del riesgo de un nuevo evento de luxación. Por ende, resulta fundamental que los cirujanos ortopédicos comprendan y diagnostiquen estas lesiones de forma correcta y oportuna para evaluar la necesidad de restaurar la superficie articular glenoidea. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es otorgar los conceptos más importantes de la lesión ósea de Bankart para comprender y enfrentar de forma adecuada esta lesión.

Bony lesions of the anterior glenoid rim secondary to an episode of anterior instability of the shoulder are increasingly being reported. Known as a bony Bankart lesion, its presence generates a loss of static glenohumeral stability that causes an increased risk of a new dislocation event. Therefore, it is essential that orthopedic surgeons correctly and accurately diagnose these injuries to assess the need to restore the glenoid articular surface. The purpose of the present narrative review is to provide the essential concepts of the bony Bankart lesion to properly understand and deal with this type of injury.

Pérdidas óseas de la glenoides en las inestabilidades anteriores recurrentes del hombro / Shoulder recurrent instability associated with glenoid bone loss

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la frecuencia e importancia de las perdidas óseas glenoideas que no fueron consideradas por mucho tiempo y las posibilidades terapéuticas teniendo en cuenta dicha lesión. Presentar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento estandarizado de las luxaciones recurrentes anteriores del hombro, vírgenes de cirugía previa, enfatizando en las pérdidas óseas antero inferiores del reborde glenoideo. Objetivo: Determinar la importancia de las pérdidas óseas de la glenoides en inestabilidades recurrentes de hombro. Material y Métodos: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes sin tratamiento quirúrgico previo por la patología descripta, con edades entre 18 y 45 años, con un claro predominio del sexo masculino (proporción 8 a 2). Se operaron con la técnica abierta modificada de Bristow Latarjet. La base de nuestro enfoque es la correcta selección de los pacientes, la técnica aplicada y el programa de rehabilitación precoz. La serie la consideramos de homogeneidad aceptable entre sus integrantes, así como los procedimientos quirúrgicos y la evaluación efectuada. Resultados: Se realizó una evaluación retrospectiva objetiva y subjetiva de los resultados a los dos años en una cohorte de 22 pacientes. Se valoraron de acuerdo con exámenes físico, imagenológico y de resultados, por cuestionarios completados por médicos y pacientes con el Score de Constant y de la ASES. Las cifras obtenidas fueron: 86% presentó hombros estables, indoloros o con poco dolor con una mínima pérdida de la rotación externa considerada entre los 6 y 8°, con limitaciones menores para las actividades por encima de la cabeza. No observamos re luxaciones o problemas con la consolidación de la coracoides ni tampoco artrosis temprana. Los consideramos resultados excelentes o buenos. Los mismos encuentran su principal objeción en la falta de verificaciones a largo plazo, que es cuando puede observarse la aparición de artrosis secundaria...

Background: Treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability isin continuous development. This disabling condition requires allthe possible knowledge, skills and broad experience to be solved. The purpose of this study was emphasized the importance of the glenoid bone loss and to verify th e hypothesis that the open coracoid transfer as described by Bristow Latarjet is a highly successful for treating recurrent glenohumeral instability associated with glenoid bone losses.Objectives: To determine glenoid bone losses importance inshoulder recurrent instability. Material and Methods:We selected a cohort of 22 patients, ages between 18 and 45 y.o. with predominance of males over females (rate 8 to 2), with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. All of them were treated with open Bristow Latarjet technique. We considered there is acceptable homogeneity in this cohort as wellas in the surgical procedure and the final evaluation methods.Results: Our results were obtained with an average outcome of 2 years. We perform physical examination, images screening, surveys between patients performed by physicians, and the Constan and ASES scores. 85% showed a stable shoulder, painless, with minimal external rotation loss (between 6 and 8...

Arthroscopic Stabilization Using Remplissage Technique In Recurrent Shoulder Instability with Large Hill-Sachs Lesion: Minimum Six Months Follow-Up Results

PURPOSE: To evaluate shoulder stability, clinical, and functional results more than 6 months after utilizing the 'Remplissage' technique, consisting of an arthroscopic posterior capsulodesis and infraspinatus tenodesis, to fill Hill-Sachs lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients were followed-up more than 6 months after the 'Remplissage' procedures performed in our hospital from August 2008 to August 2009. The mean age of the patients was 28.6 years and the mean follow-up time was 10 months. Evaluations included ROM, ASES score, KSSI score, ROWE score, and postoperative MRI. RESULTS: In a functional evaluation of the patients with an average postoperative time of 10 months, the ASES score improved from 51.4 preoperatively to 76.8 postoperatively, the KSSI score improved from 46.5 preoperatively to 76 postoperatively, and the ROWE score improved from 43.5 preoperatively to 76.3 postoperatively. After an average postoperative time of 10 months, the range of motion was nearly normal (>170 degrees in further flexion, and >45 degrees in external rotation). CONCLUSION: In recurrent shoulder instabilities with large Hill-Sachs lesions, the 'Remplissage' technique resulted in good outcomes in terms of shoulder stability, clinical, and functional results after postoperative times of more than 6 months.

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using the Autogenous Hamstring Tendon for Recurrent Patellar Instability: A Preliminary Report

PURPOSE: We present the short-term results of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using the autogenous hamstring tendon for recurrent patellar instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with recurrent patellar instability were treated with MPFL reconstruction using a semitendinosus or gracilis autograft from February 2008 to November 2008. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively according to the physical findings, scores and radiographs, with a mean follow-up of 13.6 months (range: 12~15 months). RESULTS: The apprehension test was positive in all the knees preoperatively and no knee was found to be positive at the follow-up. The grind test was positive in all the knees preoperatively and one knee was found to be positive at the follow-up. The Q-angle was 16.9degrees preoperatively and 18.3degrees at the follow-up. The Kujala score improved from 33.7 points to 94.1 points (p=0.018), the Lysholm score improved from 42.4 points to 92.6 points (p=0.018) and the Tegner activity level improved 2.1 to 5.1 (p=0.026). The congruence angle was 10.2degrees preoperatively and -3.4degrees at follow-up (p=0.018). The patellar height was 1.95 preoperatively and 1.6 at follow-up (p=0.028). There were no patients with recurrent dislocation. CONCLUSION: MPFL reconstruction using the autogenous hamstring tendon for recurrent patellar instability is an effective operation, according to the short term follow-up.