Consenso mexicano de linfoma de Hodgkin / Mexican Consensus on Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Resumen El linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) se debe a la transformación clonal de células originadas en los linfocitos B, lo que genera las células binucleadas patognomónicas de Reed-Sternberg. El LH es una enfermedad de células B con una distribución bimodal, con mayor incidencia en la adolescencia y la tercera década de la vida y un segundo pico en personas mayores de 55 años. Las células del LH clásico habitualmente sufren una reprogramación de la expresión génica, ya que pierden la expresión de la mayoría de los genes típicos de las células B y han adquirido la expresión de múltiples genes que son típicos de otros tipos de células del sistema inmunitario. El algoritmo de tratamiento dependerá si se trata de LH clásico o de predominio linfocítico, si es un estadio temprano con marcadores de pronóstico desfavorables o no, el esquema inicial de manejo y si existe enfermedad voluminosa, entre las variables más relevantes.

Abstract Hodgkin's lymphoma is due to the clonal transformation of cells originating from B lymphocytes, generating the pathognomonic binucleate Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a B cell disease with a bimodal distribution, with higher incidence in adolescence and the third decade of life, showing a second peak in people over 55 years of age. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma cells routinely undergo gene expression reprogramming, as they lose the expression of most of the typical B-cell genes and acquire the expression of multiple genes that are typical of other types of cells in the immune system. The treatment algorithm will depend on whether it is classic or predominantly lymphocytic HL, if it is early stage with unfavorable prognostic markers or not, the initial management regimen, and whether there is bulky disease, among the most relevant variables.

Proteomic analysis and verification of protein expression after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the proteins expression difference after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin Lymphoma cell line, L428 cell, and verify the function of differential proteins.@*Methods@#The differential proteins were detected by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, cluster analysis was done by GOfact.@*Results@#There were 38 proteins screened out, of which 21 proteins were positively associated with CD99, while 17 proteins were negative. Among the 38 proteins, 32 proteins participated in biological process, and 35 proteins were involved in the composition and construction. And 28 proteins participated in multifaceted biological activities including antioxidation, protein binding, catalytic activity, regulation of enzyme, signal transduction, molecular structure, regulation of translation and ion transport.@*Conclusions@#The changes of the differential proteins, correlated with cytoskeleton, cell differentiation, signal pathway and regulating gene expression, are closely relevant to the translation between Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg and B lymphocyte cell.

Proteomic analysis and verification of protein expression after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the proteins expression difference after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin Lymphoma cell line, L428 cell, and verify the function of differential proteins. Methods: The differential proteins were detected by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, cluster analysis was done by GOfact. Results: There were 38 proteins screened out, of which 21 proteins were positively associated with CD99, while 17 proteins were negative. Among the 38 proteins, 32 proteins participated in biological process, and 35 proteins were involved in the composition and construction. And 28 proteins participated in multifaceted biological activities including antioxidation, protein binding, catalytic activity, regulation of enzyme, signal transduction, molecular structure, regulation of translation and ion transport. Conclusions: The changes of the differential proteins, correlated with cytoskeleton, cell differentiation, signal pathway and regulating gene expression, are closely relevant to the translation between Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg and B lymphocyte cell.

Hodgkins Lymphoma in a Child with Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Case Report

To study the co existence of Hodgkins lymphoma in sickle cell disease in a 10-year-old boy who is also a known case of sickle cell anaemia presented to out centre with symptoms of fever, weight loss. History of previous blood transfusions was given. On clinical examination, he was found to have pallor, generalised lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly. Complete blood picture revealed haemoglobin of 9 g/dl, white blood cell count of 12,000/cu mm, platelet count of 2 lakhs. Biopsy from the cervical lymph node revealed effacement of lymph nodal architecture with replacement by scattered atypical mononuclear and binucleate Reed–Sternberg cells with moderate cytoplasm, large vesicular nucleus and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli against a background of, mixed population of small lymphocytes, plasma cells and few eosinophils. Immuno histochemistry revealed positive expression of CD15, CD30, Pax-5 in the atypical cells and thus proved to be Hodgkins lymphoma.

Linfoma Hodgkin clássico de apresentação incomum. Relato de caso / An unusual presentation of a classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Case report

O linfoma é uma neoplasia originária do sistema linfático, a partir de células linfocitárias. A sintomatologia mais comum é febre, tosse, sudorese noturna, perda de peso, fraqueza e linfoadenopatia indolor. A etiologia ainda permanece desconhecida, tendo sido relacionada ao vírus Epstein-Barr. O diagnóstico se baseia na visualização das células de Reed-Sternberg. O esquema adriamicina, bleomicina, vinblastina e dacarbazina (ABVD) ainda é o tratamento preconizado, associado ou não à radioterapia. Relatamos um caso de linfoma de Hodgkin de apresentação atípica, cujo diagnóstico só foi possível por esplenectomia.(AU)

The lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system originating from lymphocyte cells. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss, weakness, and painless lymphadenopathy. The etiology remains unknown, having been related to the Epstein Barr virus. The diagnosis is based on visualization of Reed Sternberg cells. The adriamycin, bleomicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen is still the preferred treatment, with or without radiation therapy. We report a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma of atypical presentation, the diagnosis of which was only possible through splenectomy.(AU)

Expression of Septin2 in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428 and its role in promoting H/RS cells’ redifferentiation to B lymphocytes / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To explore the role of GTP binding protein 2 (Septin2) in the differentiation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma H/RS cells (Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg) to B lymphocytes.@*Methods@#The expressions of Septin2 mRNA and protein in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma cell line L428 which CD99 was overexpressed were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,confocal laser microscopy and immunocytochemistry (ICC) . RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to assay the expression of Septin2 after Septin2-siRNA transfected into L428 cells, and confocal laser microscopy, CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the changes of F-actin cytoskeleton,cell proliferation ability and immunophenotype.@*Results@#The low expressions of Septin2 mRNA and protein were detected in L428 cell line after overexpresion of CD99 (0.329±0.019 vs 1.000, P=0.001) and Septin2 siRNA transfection (0.276±0.025 vs 1.000, P=0.000) compared to controls. Compared to vector group, Septin2 siRNA transfection could lead to decrease of cell size, decline of proliferation activity (F=204.927, P<0.001) and reconstruction of F-actin cytoskeleton, and the expression of specific antigen markers CD30 and CD15 of H/RS cell decreased, B cell antigen marker CD19 as well as germinal center marker CD10 and early plasma cell marker CD38 were up-regulated.@*Conclusion@#Septin2 interference promotes H/RS cells’ redifferentiation to B lymphocytes

Reed–Sternberg Cells in Pericardial Effusion - Rare Finding in a Case of Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Causes of malignant pericardial eff usion include metastatic carcinomas, acute leukemias, chronic leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and rarely Hodgkin lymphoma. We report here a case of nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with massive pericardial eff usion. Cytological fi ndings of the pericardial fl uid and histopathology of the lymph node are presented. A 13-year-old girl came with complaints of a cough and progressive breathlessness for 5 months. She also had B symptoms. Imaging showed massive pericardial eff usion, along with mediastinal, cervical, and abdominal lymphadenopathy. Pericardiocentesis was done. A cytology of the pericardial fl uid showed large atypical Reed–Sternberg (RS) - like cells in a background of lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells – suggestive of Hodgkin lymphoma. Cervical lymph node biopsy and immunohistochemistry confi rmed the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma – nodular sclerosis subtype. Th e institution of chemotherapy resulted in signifi cant decrease in pericardial eff usion, and the patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition. Hodgkin lymphoma presenting clinically with massive pericardial eff usion and showing RS cells in the pericardial fl uid is very rare. A cytopathologist needs to be aware of this possibility which will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.

Interfollicular Hodgkin's Lymphoma - A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma represents an unusual pattern of focal involvement of interfollicular zones by Hodgkin's lymphoma along with florid reactive follicular hyperplasia. It is often mistakenly diagnosed as a reactive change. We report a case of a 36 years old male with persistent lymphadenitis for three years, who was finally diagnosed as Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma after being incorrectly diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis. This case is reported in view of the unusual pattern of Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as its misdiagnosis as a benign lesion.

A Case of Cutaneous Hodgkin's Disease Presented with a Maculopapular Rash / 대한피부과학회지

Hodgkin's disease (HD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder that presents as a clinically asymptomatic mass or painless lymph node swelling. Cutaneous HD is a very rare manifestation in patients with HD. A 66-year-old man complained of a maculopapular rash waxing and waning for one year. A painful mass had developed on his left axilla 7 weeks prior to presenting. The biopsy specimens of both skin and lymph node revealed Hodgkin's lymphoma with atypical lymphoid cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. We report a case of cutaneous involvement of HD, which had been presented as a maculopapular rash for one year.

A case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg like cells associated with Epstein-Barr virus / 대한내과학회지

The Reed-Sternberg like cells (RS-like cells) are by no means specific to Hodgkin lymphoma, but they have been reported in various other lymphoproliferative disorders, including infectious mononucleosis. Many studies have postulated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may play a role in the development of RS-like cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There are many accounts in the literature about these RS-like cells in lymph node aspirates and biopsies creating diagnostic confusion with Hodgkin lymphoma, but no report in Korea. We experienced a case of a 44 year-old male patient who had multiple lymph nodes enlargement with the history of treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma 15 years ago. At this time, this patient was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma with RS-like cells associated with EBV in lymph node biopsy. Here, we report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

The Effect of Long-term Steroed Therapy combined with Azathioprine in Henoch-Schonlein Nephritis

We describe cytologic findings of two cases of pilomatrixoma which had been cytologically misdiagnosed as suspicious malignant and malignant lesions in 35 year-old and 22 year-old females who presented a palpable neck mass. The cytologic smears showed many basaloid cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromatism and prominent nucleoli, keratinized squamous cells with pyknotic nuclei, foreign body giant cells, and chronic inflammatory cells in necrotic background. Retrospective view of this aspiration smear revealed that these findings were characteristic features of pilomatrixoma, and the evenly distributed chromatin pattern as well as the lack of nuclear pleomorphism were considered to be the differential points from malignant neoplasm. Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm which should be included in differential diagnosis if the fine needle aspiration cytologic smear of a neck mass or subcutaneous mass of any site showed these features.

Cytologic findings of Hodgkin's disease with special emphasis on Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants / 대한세포병리학회지

Cytologic findings from five cases with variable types of Hodgkin' disease were reviewed with special emphasis on the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells and their variants. Typical R-S and Hodgkin's cells were mono- or binucleated, and nuclei had rounded smooth contour. Acidophilic prominent nucleoli with perinucleolar halo were conspicuous. In comparison to typical Reed-Sternberg cells, L & H (lymphocytic and histiocytic) cells in the lymphocyte predominant type tended to show pop-corn like irregular nuclear contour and to lack the prominent nucleoli. Lacunar cells in the nodular sclerosis type had multilobated nuclei with prominent acidophilic nucleoli. There was no prominent perinucleolar halo in L & H and lacunar cells. In conjuction with the number of Reed-Sternberg cells and back ground findings observed on the smears, the characteristic features of R-S cells and their variants allowed to make typing of Hodgkin's disease.