Hp infection rate, antibody typing and logistics regression analysis of 1111 physical examination people in plateau area / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection rate and antibody typing of 1111 physical examination people in plateau area, and to analyze the risk factors of Hp infection by logistics regression analysis. Methods 1111 healthy people with physical examination in plateau area from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The Hp infection rate and antibody typing were calculated, and the risk factors of Hp infection were analyzed by logistics regression analysis. Results The Hp infection rate of physical examination people in plateau area was 62.47% (694/1 111). The infection rate of type I HP in infected patients was higher than that of type Ⅱ HP(75.50% vs 24.50%) (χ2=361.141, P2=4.418, 8.708, 16.565, 32.583, P=0.036, 0.003, 2=5.153, P=0.023). Often eating pickled or barbecued foods [OR (95%CI)=2.038 (1.049-3.961)], history of chronic gastric disease [OR(95%CI)=1.706 (1.132-2.569)] and family members living together≥4 [OR (95%CI)=1.857 (1.135-3.037)] were risk factors of Hp infection, and regular garlic consumption [OR (95%CI)=0.559 (0.346-0.903)] was a protective factor (P=0.036, 0.011, 0.014, 0.018). Conclusion The Hp infection rate and antibody Ure positive rate are higher in physical examination people in plateau area, and chronic gastric disease history and often eating pickled or barbecued foods are risk factors of Hp infection.

Analysis of factors influencing elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa, and to analyze their association with lifestyle and other factors, so as to provide a basis for the intervention measures targeting elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity among middle school students in high altitude area.@*Methods@#Using a stratified cluster random sampling method in September 2021, a total of 1 488 Tibetan junior and high students from Lhasa City were investigated with blood pressure measurement, physical examination and questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity and their comorbidities association were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and their comorbidities were 17.8%, 17.4% , 5.0% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR =0.81), residence, body mass inex(BMI) and gender were the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure; and the risks of elevated blood pressure in female students were higher than male students ( OR =1.89), suburban students were higher than urban students ( OR =8.06), overweight and obesity groups were higher than normal groups ( OR =2.55, 2.87) ( P <0.05). Adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, residence and school, and BMI (only for elevated blood pressure), daily screen time ≥2 h was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and its comorbidities ( OR =1.56, 1.59 , 2.51) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity are relatively high in Lhasa. Longer screen time is a common factor affecting with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and comorbidities among Tibetan students. Measures should be taken intervene in the lifestyle of Tibetan students, in order to reduce elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity.

Association between obesity and dyslipidemia among rural primary and middle school students in Students Nutrition Improvement Program Areas of Zhejiang Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aimed to analyze the association between different types of obesity and dyslipidemia among rural primary and middle school students in Zhejiang Province, so as to inform strategies for prevention and control of childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia.@*Methods@#As part of Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students, 1 244 participants were selected by stratified cluster random sampling in 5 counties of Zhejiang Province during September to December 2021. Physical examination, detection of blood lipid and questionnaire survey were conducted. The Chi -square test and Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between different types of obesity and dyslipidemia.@*Results@#The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hyperlipidemia were 15.11%, 12.46%, 17.60%, and 21.78%. Obesity and abdominal obesity were correlated to high risk of high triglycerides ( OR =3.97, 95% CI =2.54-6.20; OR =4.45, 95% CI =2.95- 6.72 )( P <0.05). Compared with the non overweight and obese group with normal waist circumference,the overweight and obesity group were correlated to high risk of high cholesterol ( OR=2.53, 95%CI =1.45-4.42, P <0.05). Abdominal overweight or obese group had the highest risk for dyslipidemia and triglycerides ( OR =1.82, 95% CI =1.33-2.48; OR =3.64, 95% CI =2.45-5.43) ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hyperlipidemia are relatively high in rural primary and middle school students of Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Zhejiang Province. Abdominal obesity is a more important risk factor for hyperlipidemia. Waist circumference should be the focus of considerable attention.

Relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events, and resilience in primary and secondary school teachers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and resilience among primary and secondary school teachers, so as to provide a reference for mental health promotion in school teachers.@*Methods@#During November to December 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenient cluster sampling method to select 11 332 in service teachers from 38 schools in 8 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, a self developed 21-item Adverse Life Events questionnaire, and a 10-item Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms, experiences of negative life events, and resilience levels of the teachers, respectively. The relationship between depressive symptoms, negative life events and psychological resilience were analyzed by multiple linear regression and stratified regression.@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers was 14.0%. Negative life events of primary and secondary school teachers were positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r =0.35), while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r =-0.45) ( P <0.05). After adjusting for possible covariates including gender and marital status, negative life events were positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( β=0.22, P <0.01). Resilience played a moderating role in the association of negative life events with depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school teachers ( B=-0.15, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Negative life events experiences are associated with higher level of depressive symptoms among school teachers. However, resilience might mitigate the negative effects of negative life events on depressive symptoms, playing a protective role in teachers mental health.

Relationship between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms in college students: a cohort study / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide evidence for promoting physical and mental health of college students.@*Methods@#Using a cohort study design,a baseline survey of 1 415 college students in Shenyang Normal University in 2017 followed for three years from 2018 to 2020. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Selfrating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the physical activity levels and depressive symptoms of college students. According to the level of physical activity at baseline (MET ·h/week), participants were divided into three groups [T1 (≤36.4), T2 (>36.4-89.3) and T3 (>89.3)]. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between baseline physical activity levels and the incidence of depressive symptoms during the school years.@*Results@#In the 3year followup (2018-2020), 852 (60.2%) participants exhibited depressive symptoms. The numbers of individuals with depressive symptoms in the T1, T2, and T3 groups were 324, 268, and 260, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who participated in higher levels of physical activity decreased the risk of depressive symptoms by 34.2% [T2: OR(95%CI) = 0.658 (0.500-0.866)] and 38.9% [T3:OR(95%CI)=0.611(0.465-0.804)] compared with T1 group after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, healthrelated factors, and baseline depressive symptoms as covariates. The sexstratified analysis showed a negative correlation between physical activity levels and the incidence of depressive symptoms in female college students. Compared with T1 group, higher levels of physical activity reduced the incidence of depressive symptoms by 39.6% [T2: OR(95%CI)=0.604(0.445-0.820)] and 37.7% [T3: OR(95%CI)=0.623(0.459-0.846)], respectively (P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms in male college students (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is an inverse relationship between physical activity levels and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that schools should reduce the risk of depressive symptoms by promoting physical activity levels among college students.

Relationship among screen time，depressive symptoms and sleep parameters among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between daytime or nighttime screen time, sleep duration, bedtime, sleep quality and depressive symptoms, so as to provide reference for preventing depression symptoms in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 259 college students in one university in Beijing were recruited by using a cluster random sampling method for online and offline questionnaire surveys in October 2022 and April to May 2023. The sleeping quality, depression symptoms and screen time of participants were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Chinese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-C) and Screen Time Questionnaire. Logistic ordered regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation among screen time, sleep parameters and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.9 %. There was no significant correlation between daytime screen time and depressive symptoms for a week after controlling for night screen time in a week, gender and age ( OR= 1.00 , 95%CI=1.00-1.01, P >0.05). There was a significant correlation between night screen time and depressive symptoms for a week ( OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.03-1.06, P <0.01) after controlling for daytime screen time in a week, gender and age. However, after controlling for the weekday sleep duration, weekend bedtime, and sleep quality step by step, there was no significant correlation between the night screen time for a week and the depressive symptoms ( OR=1.01, 95%CI= 0.99 -1.02, P >0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, multiple linear regression analysis found that the duration of one week s night vision screen had statistical significance in predicting weekday sleep duration, weekend sleep time and sleep quality ( β=-0.29, 0.45, 0.26, P <0.05). There were positive correlation between the duration of sleep on study days, the duration of sleep on rest days, and the quality of sleep with depressive symptoms（ OR =1.27,1.39,1.45， P <0.01）.@*Conclusions@#Excessive night screen time has a greater impact on sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Reducing nighttime video and improving sleep habits are potential intervention goals for reducing depression symptoms in college students.

Associations of family functioning and parental styles with anxiety symptoms among high grade primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among high grade primary school students in Guangzhou and their correlation with family functioning and parental parenting styles, so as to provide theoretical basis and guidance for family based interventions for children s anxiety symptoms.@*Methods@#From June to September 2022, a multi stage cluster random sampling method was employed to select 5 396 students from grades 4 to 6 in 13 primary schools in Guangzhou. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale for Children, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Spence Children s Anxiety Scale Short Version were used for the survey. Inter group comparison was analysed by t test or analysis of variance. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of family function and parental parenting styles on anxiety symptoms in primary school students.@*Results@#The average score for anxiety symptoms among high grade primary school students in Guangzhou was (11.63±10.88). In terms of parenting styles, mothers scored higher than fathers in the dimensions of "care" (25.63±4.92) and "control" (5.08±2.58) compared to fathers ( 24.74± 5.50, 5.00±2.51) ( t =15.80, 4.21, P <0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of parents on the dimension of "encouragement of independence"（12.98±4.06,13.05±3.95)( t =-1.77， P >0.05）. After adjusting for general demographic characteristics, the results of linear regression analysis showed that primary school students family functioning ( B =0.47) and parental "control" ( B =0.67, 0.75) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms scores ( P <0.01). Meanwhile, parental "care" ( B =-0.53,-0.55) and "encouragement of independence" ( B =-0.62,-0.68) were negatively associated with anxiety symptom scores ( P <0.01). These associations remained statistically significant even after further adjusting for family functioning ( P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Family functioning, parenting styles are closely associated with anxiety symptoms among high grade primary school students. Positive family functioning and parenting styles may mitigate childhood anxiety symptoms, whereas excessive parental control may increase the risk of childhood anxiety symptoms.

Tobacco use and associated factors among high school students in Shannan City, Tibet in 2023 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation and related factors of tobacco use among high school students in Shannan City, so as to provide reference for tobacco control strategies for high school students.@*Methods@#A self administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 10 052 high school students from 6 high schools in Shannan City, Tibetan Autonomous Region by census methods from April to July in 2023. The comparison of rates was conducted by using Chi square test, and the influencing factors of tobacco use among high school students were analyzed using binomial classification Logistic regression.@*Results@#The rate of high school students in Shannan City trying cigarettes was 17.63%, and the current smoking rate was 10.07%, both of which were higher in boys than girls, and higher in urban areas than in rural areas ( χ 2 gender = 1 262.35 , 869.79; χ 2 area =35.90, 29.16, P <0.01). The smoking rate of students with parents and good friends smoking was higher than that of students with parents and good friends not smoking( χ 2= 190.50 ,1 741.44), and the current smoking rate showed an upward trend with age and age ( χ 2 trend =74.87, 122.86)( P <0.01). The tobacco dependence rate was 41.80%; 75.30% wanted to quit smoking, 83.99% had received smoking cessation assistance, but had received less professional smoking cessation assistance ( 13.41 %). Logistic regression analysis showed that vocational high school students, senior students (second and third grade), parents smoking (both smoking, mother smoking), and good friends smoking (some smoking, most smoking, all smoking) were positively correlated with smoking cigarettes among high school students ( OR=1.51, 1.54, 2.17, 2.22, 1.69, 5.30, 13.28, 8.59, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The smoking rate of high school students in Shannan City is high and second hand smoke exposure is common. Vocational high schools are the key to prevention and control. Effective cooperation between families, schools, and society should be strengthened to create a smoke free environment and protect students from tobacco hazards.

Analysis of high school students health literacy level and related factors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the level of health literacy and influencing factors of Chinese general high school students, so as to provide scientific evidence for health promotion of high school students.@*Methods@#A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an on site survey on the health literacy status of 8 265 high school students in 31 provinces of China by using the National Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire from October 2018 to June 2019. SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct one way test and multifactor Logistic regression analysis of different demographic characteristics.@*Results@#The health literacy level of Chinese general high school students was 7.1%; the three dimensions of literacy were ranked in descending order as follows: basic skills (21.3%), healthy lifestyles and behaviors (20.5%), and basic knowledge and concepts of health (7.8%); and the literacy levels of the six categories of health issues, in descending order, were basic medical care (88.3%), health information (75.9%), safety and first aid (51.0%), infectious disease prevention (44.2%), scientific health concept (39.0%) and chronic disease prevention (5.5%). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, region, family residence, school type, grade level, and father s education were the factors influencing the health literacy level of Chinese high school students( OR=2.08, 0.60/0.24, 0.44, 0.71, 1.41 /0.51, 1.37, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The overall health literacy level of Chinese high school students is low，ethnicity, region, family residence, school type, grade level and father s education are factors influencing the health literacy level of Chinese high school students. It is recommended that all departments at all levels focus on categorized governance to improve the health literacy level of high school students, taking into account the realities and characteristics of high school students health literacy level.

Effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise habits in teachers in the Yangtze River Delta Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage and their interactions on teachers exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of a sports and health promotion intervention program for teachers.@*Methods@#A total of 2 530 in service teachers from four provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, namely, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Province, were sampled in May-June 2023 by using convenient cluster random sampling method. Self designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the surveyed teachers, Physical Activity Building Environment Evaluation Questionnaire and the Sports with Fitness APP Usage Questionnaire were used to measure the teachers subjective perception of the community building environment and the usage of sports with fitness APP, respectively. Physical Exercise Habituation Scale was used to assess the level of exercise habits. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise, and the interaction effects were analyzed by using additive and multiplicative models.@*Results@#Among all the teachers surveyed, 658 of them reported good physical exercise habits (26.0%), and differences in the rate of physical activity habit formation by gender, age, years of teaching, as well as subject of teaching were statistically significant ( χ 2=42.94, 39.73, 35.47, 218.23 , P <0.05). Teachers with physical exercise habits had significantly higher community building environment scores and sports and fitness APP use than teachers without exercise habits ( t =12.17,16.54, P <0.05). Adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, years of teaching experience, and subjects taught, multifactorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 22% for every 1-point increase in the community building environment score on average ( OR =1.22, 95% CI =1.11-1.40), and the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 16% for every 1-point increase in the sports with fitness APP score on average ( OR = 1.16 , 95% CI =1.03-1.31) ( P <0.05). Interaction analyses showed that there was an additive interaction between the effects of community building environment and sports and fitness APP use on teachers physical exercise habits after adjustment, and the 95% CI for RERI , API and SI were 1.17 -1.65, 0.12-0.46 and 1.78-3.33 ( P <0.05), respectively, and there was no multiplicative interaction ( P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#The community building environment and the usage of sports & fitness APP show impacts in the formation of teachers physical exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta region, and there is an interaction effect. Enhancing the construction of smart sports centers around the community can provide a high quality external environment for the physical exercise habits formation.

Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of Chinese adolescents physical and mental health.@*Methods@#From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. Pearson s correlation and linear hierarchical regression were performed to analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functions.@*Results@#Among the sample of adolescents, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) was negatively correlated with the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion executive function responses ( r=-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P <0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that VO 2max was negatively correlated with the reaction times of the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion functions ( B=-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Higher cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents is associated with better performance in executive function. Teenagers should strengthen high intensity cardiopulmonary endurance exercise to promote the improvement of executive function.

Analysis of direct drinking water quality and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools in Nanjing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the quality and influencing factors of direct drinking water in schools in Nanjing City, so as to provide basis for management of school drinking water.@*Methods@#From April to July 2023, direct drinking water equipment from 146 primary and secondary schools were selected from Nanjing City using a stratified random sampling method and tested for colony forming units (CFU) and permanganate index. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.@*Results@#The CFU and permanganate levels of school direct drinking water in Nanjing City were 1.00(0.00,15.50)CFU/mL and 0.47(0.26, 0.75)mg/L, respectively. The CFU level increased when the filter replacement time exceeded 3 months and when the water source was piped, while the permanganate index increased when the filter replacement time exceeded 3 months and using activated carbon technology ( Z =-2.21, -3.92, -2.31, -8.45 , P <0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the replacement time of filter element exceeding 3 months was positively correlated with the CFU level, and the process type involving activated carbon, a laid pipe network and a filter replacement time exceeding 3 months were positively correlated with the permanganate index( β =167.08, 0.32, 0.35, 0.11, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusions@#There are certain problems with the water quality of primary and secondary school direct drinking water in Nanjing City. Schools should promptly replace the filter and maintain the drinking water equipment to ensure the hygiene and safety of campus water quality.

Association between the ratio of dietary vitamin A to body weight and hypertension in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between the ratio of dietary vitamin A (VitA) to body weight and hypertension among children, so as to provide a reference for blood pressure control through dietary nutritional interventions and childhood hypertension prevention.@*Methods@#Utilizing the baseline survey and followup sample data from the Healthy Children Cohort established in urban and rural areas of Chongqing from 2014 to 2019, structured quantitative dietary questionnaire and selfdesigned questionnaire were used to investigate the information of dietary intake and socioeconomic characteristics of 15 279 children, as well as blood pressure, height, weight measurement. The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight was divided into four groups based on quartiles [≤P25(Q1), >P25~P50(Q2), >P50~P75(Q3), >P75(Q4)]. Generalized linear regression models and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between ratio of dietary VitA to body weight with blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension.@*Results@#The results of the 2014 baseline survey indicated that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as demographic indicators and nutritional intake, significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among different groups categorized by the ratio of dietary VitA to body weight (F=157.57, 44.71, 95.92, P<0.01). The baseline ratio of dietary VitA to body weight in children exhibited a negative correlation with DBP, SBP and MAP at baseline and in 2019[baseline: β(95%CI)=-0.65(-0.89--0.42), -0.22(-0.42--0.01), -0.36(-0.56--0.16); 2019: β(95%CI)=-0.77(-1.34--0.19), -0.62(-1.21--0.02), -0.77(-1.34--0.19), P＜0.05]. Compared to Q1 group, the risk of hypertension decreased among children in Q4 at baseline and followup in 2019 [OR(95%CI)=0.63(0.49-0.81), 0.18(0.08-0.42), P<0.01].@*Conclusions@#The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight is significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure levels among children, and dietary VitA deficiency is an independent risk factor for hypertension among children. Measures should be taken to actively adjust childrens dietary nutrition and reduce the risk of childhood hypertension.

Correlation analysis between preschool children s emotional competence and home rearing environment / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the correlation between preschool children s emotional competence and home rearing environment in Shangrao City, so as to provide support for improving children s emotional competence development as well as their home rearing environment.@*Methods@#A total of 1 242 children aged 3-6 years old from 10 kindergartens in Shangrao City were retrospectively investigated by stratified cluster random sampling method in December 2022, and the Children s Emotional Adjustment Scale-Preschool Version (CEAS-P) and the Home Nurture Environment Scale for children aged 3-6 were surveyed on parents of preschool children. The t-test was used to test the difference, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of preschool children s emotional competence.@*Results@#There were significant differences in emotional competence scores of preschool children for demographic indicators including age, place of residence, health status and whether they were only children ( F/t =5.98, 6.56, 38.00, 2.23, P <0.01). The emotional competence of preschool children was positively correlated with the home rearing environment ( r=0.62, P <0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that diverse activities/play participation, social adaptation/self management, and emotional warmth/self expression in home rearing environment were positive predictors of children s emotional ability ( β =0.30, 0.28, 0.16), while neglect/intervention/punishment were negative predictors ( β =-0.09)( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The home rearing environment is a factor related to young children s emotional competence. It is suggested specific parenting initiatives such as enriching family activities and play, strengthening children s self adaptation and management, giving warmth and let children express emotions, and preventing child neglect, interference and punishment should be conducted to improve children s emotional competence.

Latent profile analysis of college students short form video addiction / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the latent categories and general demographic characteristics of short form video addiction among college students, so as to provide empirical reference for prevention and intervention of short form video addiction among college students.@*Methods@#Convenience sampling method was used to select 1 386 college students from a certain university in Anhui Province in June 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted among college students by using the Short Video Addiction Scale. The latent profile analysis method of "individual center" was used to explore the categories of college students short form video addiction, and multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on the latent classification of short form video addiction.@*Results@#College students with short form video addiction were divided into three latent categories:non addiction group (22.15%, n =307), low addiction group (63.28%, n =877) and high addiction group (14.57%, n =202). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, major type and family location were related with short form video addiction among college students:male students (low addiction group: OR =0.47; high addiction group: OR =0.41), cultural and historical majors (low addiction group: OR =0.66), and students from cities (high addiction group: OR =0.51) were less likely to be involved in short form video addiction ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is significant group heterogeneity in short form video addiction among college students. Families, schools and society should attach importance and pay attention to the phenomenon of short form video addiction among college students, actively take targeted intervention measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of short form video addiction symptoms among college students.

Longitudinal study on anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty among Chinese college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the longitudinal changes and related predictive factors of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) among Chinese college students, so as to provide theoretical reference for promoting students mental health.@*Methods@#Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-short Form and the 7 item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were administered among 5 683 students from 22 universities in Guangdong Province from September 10 to October 17, 2021 (T1, baseline survey), and from March 15 to April 22, 2023 (T2). Using paired sample t-test to analyze the changes in anxiety and IU among college students, a linear regression model was established to explore factors that can predict anxiety, IU and their changes during T1 and T2 periods.@*Results@#During the T1 period, the average scores of anxiety and IU among college students were (3.26±3.46, 34.88±7.96), while during the T2 period, they were (4.41±4.16, 36.40±8.07). During the T2 period, the levels of anxiety and IU among college students were higher than those during the T1 period ( t=19.59, 13.67, P <0.01). The linear regression results showed that age ( B = -0.02 ), moderate ( B =-0.18) and poor ( B =-0.88) mental health status, as well as online browsing of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic (later called as epidemic) related information for >1-<3 hours ( B =-0.30) and ≥3 hours ( B =-0.22), all of which could negatively predict changes in anxiety during T1 to T2 periods. Living in rural areas ( B =0.11) could positively predict changes in anxiety during T1 to T2 periods ( P <0.05). Moderate ( B =-0.19) and poor ( B =-0.47) mental health status, browsing epidemic related information online for >1-<3 hours ( B =-0.32) and ≥3 hours ( B =-0.33), academic performance being moderately affected by the epidemic ( B =-0.10), and personal planning being moderately affected by the epidemic ( B =-0.13) and severely affected ( B =-0.22), all of which could negatively predict changes in IU during T1 to T2 periods ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Levels of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty increases significantly after epidemic. Mental health status of college students should need long term monitoring, and students with poor mental health should need special attention.

Bullying bystanders behaviors among pupils and the correlation with family function / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the status of childhood bullying bystander s behaviors among pupils and the correlation with family function,so as to provide empirical support for educational intervention in campus bullying.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey using the cluster random sampling method was administered to 1 145 pupils from a primary school in Wushan County within Chongqing City in November 2019, including Pupil Bullying Bystander Behavior Scale and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES). The χ 2 test, Spearman related analysis and binary Logistic regression were used to determine the detection rate of different bullying bystander behaviors among pupils and the association with family function.@*Results@#The proportion of bullying promoters, bullying protectors, and bystanders were 4.7%, 92.1%, and 42.1%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the three types of bullying bystander s behaviors among the different grades pupils( χ 2=21.45, 7.98, 27.48, P < 0.05 ). There were significant correlation between family function and its dimensions with different types of bullying bystander behavior ( | r |= 0.07-0.20, P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that pupils family function and grade had statistically significant impact on promoting bullying behavior, protecting victim behavior, and bystander behavior ( OR =0.98, 3.33; 1.02, 1.95 ; 0.99, 0.58, 0.41, 0.61, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The bullying bystanders behaviors of pupils are related to grade in school and family function. Schools should implement educational interventions for pupils of different grades and focus on improving pupils family function to effectively promote the occurrence of positive bystanders behaviors in pupils.

Longitudinal study on the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression symptoms among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression symptoms at 2 and 4 year follow up among children and adolescents, so as to provide reference basis for promoting the mental health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Data were acquired from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) project in 2016(T1), 2018 (T2), and 2020 (T3), which included 730 children and adolescents, their families and parents. The measurement tools included the Cumulative Family Risk Scales and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Chi square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between cumulative family risk and depression symptoms among children and adolescents.@*Results@#The detection rates of moderate and above depression symptoms among children and adolescents at T1, T2, and T3 were 14.4%, 15.9%, and 24.5%, respectively. The prevalence of depression symptoms of children and adolescents at T2 was higher in females (19.8%) than males (12.5%)( χ 2=7.28 ,P <0.01). Logistic regression analyses showed that the cumulative family risk at T1 positively predicted depression symptoms of children and adolescents at T1, T2, and T3( OR =1.73, 1.32, 1.38, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusions@#The cumulative family risk has a long lasting impact on depressive symptoms among children and adolescents after 2 and 4 years. Family and schools should pay attention to the changes in depression among children and adolescents,and provide timely intervention and assistance to promote their mental health development.

Current status of AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and associated factors of high risk sexual behavior among college students in Tianjin City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current status of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, attitudes, and practices of college students in Tianjin City and to further investigate the associated factors of high risk sexual behaviors, so as to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for accurate prevention and treatment of AIDS.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster random sample of 64 697 students in 56 colleges and universities in Tianjin City in November to December 2022 was investigated about the current status of AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices. Information was collected using online survey via Questionnaire Star. Descriptive analysis was used for the current status of AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among college students. Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of high risk sexual behavior among college students.@*Results@#The AIDS awareness rate of college students in Tianjin City reached 87.33%. The sexual openness rate was 70.73 %. Among the 3 463 students who had sex during the past year, 42.13% of students reported high risk sexual behavior. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that female, having a romantic partner, having received sex education and prevention and treatment knowledge of AIDS were negatively associated with high risk sexual behavior ( OR =0.66, 0.59, 0.81, 0.59, P <0.05). Being in sophomore year, non heterosexuality (homosexuality, bisexuality, not knowing), prejudice against AIDS, and misunderstanding the testing methods for AIDS showed positive correlations with highrisk sexual behavior ( OR =1.22, 2.49, 2.30, 3.17, 1.43, 1.22 , P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The awareness rate of AIDS in college students in Tianjin is high, but high risk sexual behaviors are still at a high level. Further targeted knowledge education and behavioral interventions are needed to scientifically prevent the spread of AIDS.

Analysis of associated factors of attempting e-cigarettes use among senior high school students in Beijing City between 2019 and 2023 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze prevalence and associated factors of attempting e cigarettes use among senior high school students in Beijing City between 2019 and 2023, in order to providing references for the construction of smoke free senior high schools environments.@*Methods@#In 2019, 9 137 students from 44 senior high schools in Beijing City were monitored, including 27 general senior high schools and 17 vocational senior high schools. In 2023, the study included 6 709 students from 30 senior high schools comprising 21 general senior high schools and 9 vocational senior high schools. On site investigations using anonymous questionnaires were conducted. The monitoring content included demographic information, second hand smoke exposure, tobacco product use and tobacco awareness. Chi square test was used to compare the differences of various indicators in different groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analysis the influencing factors among senior high school students attempting to use e cigarettes between 2019 and 2023.@*Results@#In 2019, the rates of vocational senior high school and general senior high school students attempting to use e-cigarettes were 22.57% and 9.78%, respectively. In 2023, it decreased to 14.39% and 6.43%, respectively. In 2019 ( OR =1.59,95% CI =1.35-1.88) and 2023 ( OR =1.71,95% CI =1.38-2.11), vocational senior high school students both hold higher risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes,compared with general senior high school students. In 2019, non-indigenous senior high school students attempting to use e cigarettes were more than indigenous senior high school students ( OR = 1.28 , 95% CI =1.05-1.56). In 2019 ( OR =1.62, 95% CI =1.34-1.95) and 2023 ( OR =1.77, 95% CI =1.35-2.31), smoking anywhere in households increased the risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes among senior high school students. In both 2019 and 2023, not attempting to smoke cigarettes ( OR =0.24,95% CI =0.21-0.29; OR =0.15,95% CI =0.11-0.19), not currently smoking cigarettes ( OR =0.29,95% CI =0.22-0.40; OR =0.30,95% CI =0.17-0.53), not being exposed to secondhand smoke in school ( OR =0.62, 95% CI = 0.53 -0.72; OR =0.51, 95% CI =0.41-0.64) or in outdoor public places ( OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.63-0.86; OR = 0.62 , 95% CI =0.50-0.78) all reduced the risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes among senior hgih school students( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The influencing factors of attempts by senior high school students in Beijing City to use e-cigarettes are generally consistent between 2023 and 2019, with a focus on vocational senior high schools to ensure the continuity of intervention measures and promote the construction of smoke free senior high schools.