Recrecimiento tumoral en pacientes bajo esquema de watch-and-wait en cáncer de recto. Ensayo pictórico / Regrowth during watch-and-wait scheme in rectal cancer. Pictorial essay

Resumen En las últimas décadas, la resonancia magnética (RM) ha cobrado un rol fundamental en el diagnóstico, la estadificación y el seguimiento de los pacientes con cáncer de recto. En la estadificación inicial, que sean o no tumores localmente avanzados es lo que determina el tratamiento neoadyuvante o quirúrgico, respectivamente. Posterior a la neoadyuvancia, los pacientes que logren una respuesta clínica completa pueden ser considerados para la inclusión dentro de un esquema de vigilancia activa, comúnmente conocido como watch and wait (WW). La estrategia WW se basa en tres pilares, que son el examen digital rectal, la endoscopía y la RM, buscando detectar la presencia temprana de recrecimiento tumoral. En relación a la RM, la secuencia potenciada en T2 de alta resolución, junto con la de difusión (DWI) y el mapa de ADC, son las piezas clave para la detección temprana de recrecimiento. La estrategia de WW lleva a evitar cirugías resectivas con una alta morbilidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida. El examen digital rectal y la endoscopía son métodos de vigilancia complementarios a la RM, con su principal limitación en lesiones sin compromiso mucoso. Esta razón posiciona a la RM como un pilar indispensable para su implementación, detectando no solo áreas de recrecimiento parietal, sino también aquellas extramurales no accesibles por los otros métodos de vigilancia. En nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer ensayo iconográfico que se centra en el análisis estricto del recrecimiento tumoral en pacientes bajo esquema de WW por RM. El objetivo es enfatizar el protocolo de estudio en estos pacientes y mostrar las distintas formas de recrecimiento tumoral con el fin de lograr su detección temprana.

Abstract During the last decades, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an strategic tool for diagnosis, staging and surveillance in patients with rectal cancer. To differentiate patients with locally advanced rectal tumors from those who do not, determinate neoadjuvant therapy or total mesorectal excision, respectively. After neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, those who achieve complete clinical response may be considered for inclusion in an active surveillance scheme known as “watch and wait” (WW). WW strategy consists of three pillars, rectal digital exam, endoscopy and the MRI, and the main purpose is to reach the early detection of tumoral regrowth. Regarding MRI, the high-resolution T2-weighted images in conjunction with DWI, and the ADC map plays a key role in this instance. WW leads to avoid resective surgeries with high morbidity rates. The rectal digital exam and endoscopy are complementaries to MRI, whose main limitation is the detection of lesions with no mucosal involvement. This reason places the MRI as a cornerstone in tumoral regrowth, detecting not only luminal regrowth, but those in which the rectal wall is not involved, and thus, not accessible for the other surveillance methods. To our knowledge, this is the first pictorial essay in which imaging regrowth patterns are described. The purpose of this is to emphasize the MRI protocol study and to describe the different forms of tumoral regrowth in order to reach the early tumoral regrowth detection.

Efecto de la edad de rebrote sobre el desarrollo morfológico y la composición química del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) en el trópico alto colombiano / Effect of regrowth period on morphological development and chemical composition of kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) in Colombian's highlands / Efeito da idade de rebrota no desenvolvimento morfológico e composição química do capim kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) nos altos trópicos colombianos

Resumen El conocimiento de la dinámica composicional y de crecimiento del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) permite establecer estrategias de manejo para maximizar la producción animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la edad de rebrote sobre la variables morfológicas, composicionales y productivas del pasto kikuyo en las cuencas lecheras Alto Chicamocha (AC), Sabana de Bogotá (SB) y Ubaté-Chiquinquirá (UC) durante las épocas de lluvia y sequía. Se seleccionaron dos fincas por cuenca y se evaluó el crecimiento del forraje a través de un muestreo longitudinal del kikuyo desde el día 7 al 70 de rebrote. En cada muestreo se determinó la altura de la planta, la longitud y el ancho de las hojas y el ancho del estolón. Además, se midió el rendimiento y la composición química del forraje. Los datos se analizaron como un diseño completo al azar con medidas repetidas (10 etapas de rebrote). La altura de la planta fue superior (p<0,05) en época de lluvias a partir del día 14, 42 y 49 en AC, SB y UC, respectivamente. El número de hojas aumentó con la edad de rebrote (p<0,05), independiente de la época en SB y UC. El rendimiento de forraje seco fue mayor (p<0,05) en la época de lluvias, desde el día 42 en AC y UC y desde el 49 en SB. La proteína cruda disminuyó (p<0,05) con la edad de la planta y presentó los mayores valores en la época de lluvias en las cuencas AC y SB. El rendimiento y la composición química del kikuyo fue afectada por la edad de rebrote y la época de corte, lo cual hace necesario ajustar los esquemas de alimentación de acuerdo con las características del forraje y el requerimiento nutricional de los animales en cada región.

Abstract Compositional and growth dynamics knowledge of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) allows establishing strategies to maximize animal performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the regrowth period on morphological, compositional, and productive variables of Kikuyu grass in Alto Chicamocha (AC), Bogotá savanna (SB) and Ubaté-Chiquinquirá (UC) dairying regions, during rainy and dry seasons. Two farms were selected per region and the forage growth was evaluated from 7 to 70 regrowth day. Plant height, leaf length and width, and stolon width were determined. Also, biomass production and chemical composition were defined. The data were analyzed as a randomized complete design with repeated measurements (10 regrowth stages). Plant height was higher (p <0.05) during the rainy season from day 14, 42, and 49 in AC, SB, and UC, respectively. Leaf number increased (p<0.05) during the forage regrowth, independently of the season in SB and UC. Dry matter production was higher (p <0.05) in the rainy season, from day 42 in AC and UC, and 49 in SB. Crude protein decreased (p <0.05) during the growth period and presented high values in the rainy season in AC and SB regions. The production and chemical composition of the Kikuyu grass was affected by regrowth age and season, which requires adjusting the feeding programs related to forage characteristics and animal nutrient requirements in each region.

Resumo O conhecimento da composição e da dinâmica de crescimento do capimkikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) permite estabelecer estratégias de manejo para maximizar a produção animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da idade de rebrota nas variáveis morfológicas, composicionais e produtivas do capim-kikuyo nas bacias leiteiras de Alto Chicamocha (AC), Sabana de Bogotá (SB) e Ubaté-Chiquinquirá (UC) durante a épocas de chuva e seca. Duas fazendas por bacia foram selecionadas e o crescimento da forragem foi avaliado por meio de uma amostragem longitudinal do kikuyu do 7º ao 70º dia de rebrota. Em cada amostragem, foram determinados a altura da planta, o comprimento e a largura das folhas e a largura do estolão. Além disso, foram medidos o rendimento e a composição química da forragem. Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas (10 estágios de rebrota). A altura da planta foi maior (p <0,05) no período chuvoso a partir dos dias 14, 42 e 49 no AC, SB e UC, respectivamente. O número de folhas aumentou com a idade de rebrota (p <0,05), independente da estação do ano em SB e UC. A produção de forragem seca foi maior (p <0,05) no período chuvoso, a partir do dia 42 no AC e UC e a partir do dia 49 no SB. A proteína bruta diminuiu (p <0,05) com a idade da.planta e apresentou os maiores valores no período chuvoso nas bacias AC e SB. O rendimento e a composição química do kikuyo foram afetados pela idade de rebrota e época de corte, o que torna necessário ajustar os esquemas alimentares de acordo com as características da forragem e as exigências nutricionais dos animais de cada região.

Cell culture supernatant of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the culture supernatant of the olfactory ensheathing cells is capable of promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but there is a lack of research in the field of peripheral nerve. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant is beneficial for nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Olfactory ensheathing cells were isolated and purified, to prepare the supernatant. The olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant was applied to the dorsal root ganglion tissue block in vitro to observe the axon growth of the dorsal root ganglion. The olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant was applied to a rat sciatic nerve defect model in vivo to examine its effect on axonal regeneration and myelinization of the injured nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purity of olfactory ensheathing cells was (94.4±3.1)%. Compared with the blank control and low dose olfactory ensheathing cell culture groups, the average length of five longest axons in dorsal root ganglion tissue mass in the high dose olfactory ensheathing cells culture group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the regenerated nerve penetrated through the defect area and the regenerated nerve was arranged orderly in the olfactory ensheathing cell culture and the autologous nerve groups, which was significantly superior to that in the blank control group. Transmission electron microscope observed that the number of regenerated nerve axons and the thickness of myelin sheath in the olfactory ensheathing cell culture group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the supernatant of the olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and the myelination of the regenerated axons, which provides a new olfactory ensheathing cells-based acellular therapy for peripheral nerve injury.

Effect of anti-androgen and progesterone on development of regrowth antlers in 6 year old sika deer / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of anti-androgen drugs and melengestrol acetate (MGA) on development of regrowth antlers in 6 year old sika deer, twenty healthysika deerwith similar body weight and antler weightwere randomly divided into five groups by using single factor test design: flutamide (=4), bicalutamide (=4), progesterone acetate (CPA, =4), melengestrol acetate (MGA, =4), control(=4). All deer were fed with same diets and were housed outside together in an opened fence of 15 m×30 m with free access to water and feed. Treatment groups were injected subcutaneously sustained-release agents of the four drugs respectively when two-branched antlers were harvested. The control group had no special treatment. In the experiment period of 60 d, blood sampleswere collected for 4 times for each deer. The concentration of testosterone in plasma was tested and analyzed to compare the changes between different groups. Development of regrowth antlers was observed. At the end of the experiment, regrowth antlers were weighted and analyzed. The resultsshowed that the weights of regrowth antlers in treatment groups were significantly greater than those from control group and the weight gain (as compared with the control group) was 100.50%, 64.46%, 87.16% and 117.46% respectively in flutamide group, bicalutamide group, progesterone acetate group and melengestrol acetate group. For plasma testosterone concentration, it was not significantly different in the early stage (in the first 35 d), but at the end of the experimen, it was significantly higher than that of earlier stage (<0.01) in various groups. Testosterone concentration of flutamide treated group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (<0.01), while the level inbicalutamide and MGA treated groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (<0.01). The results showed that both anti-androgen drugs and MGA treatment promoted the development of regrowth antlers and increased the weight of regrowth antlers, where the effect was most significant by MGA treatment. From the morphological observation of the antlers, it was found that anti-androgen and MGA treatments prolonged the growth period of regrowth antlers through delaying the ossification of antlers. However, plasma testosterone concentration was not affected by the treatments.

Effect of Water Extract from Salvia Miltiorrhiza on the Hair Regrowth in Testosterone-induced Alopecia in Mice / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the role of water exact from salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) in promoting hair regrowth in testosterone (T)-induced alopecia in mice.Methods Pathological alopecia mice were induced by T and the mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,Zhanggvanp 101 group,SM low-dose group,SM middle-dose group,SM high-dose group (20,40,80 mg/ml,respectively).The effects of SM on hair regrowth were evaluated by measuring hair length,weight and the number of hair follicle.The concentration of serum T and estrodiol (E2),the content of skin VEGF,MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px were measured after external inunctum for 21 days.Results (1) SM significantly promoted regrowth hair length,weight and the number of hair follicle (P＜0.05) (2) SM significantly balanced the hormones by reducing levels of T and increasing E2 (P＜0.05) (3) SM significantly reduced the content of MDA by increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px (P＜0.05) (4) SM significantly increased the level of VEGF (P＜0.05) Conclusion In the pathological alopecia mice induced by T,SM can effectively promote the hair regrowth,with the possible mechanism of balancing hormones,being anti-oxidant and improving VEGF expression.

Topical Products for Human Hair Regeneration: A Comparative Study on an Animal Model

BACKGROUND: Hair loss and hair growth is the subject of tremendous amount of research. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of three chemical treatments used in humans for hair loss, using a rat model of hair regrowth. The products tested were 2% minoxidil, Hairgrow (Dar-Al-Dawa Pharma), Aminexil, Dercos (Vichy Laboratoires), and Kerium, Anti-chute (La Roche-Posay). METHODS: Thirty-two adult female Wistar-Bratislava rats were assigned to 4 groups. Two rectangular areas (2x4 cm) were shaved on either sides of the mid dorsal line (left side - control; right side - test area). Group I was treated topically with 2% minoxidil, group II with Aminexil, and group III with Kerium. Each rat received 0.3 ml of substance applied topically to the shaved dorsal skin every day for 28 days. Rats in group IV served as sham controls receiving no treatment. Hair regrowth was evaluated by trichoscopy (with a dermatoscope), grown hair weight (from a surface area of 1 cm2), and histopathological examination for skin thickness, follicle count, and percentage of anagen induction (morphometric assessment). RESULTS: Treatment with 2% minoxidil significantly induced hair regrowth as assessed by trichoscopy, hair weight examination, and morphometric evaluation. Hair weight examination and morphometric assessment demonstrated the lowest hair growth effect with Aminexil among the tested products. Treatment with Kerium was found to significantly induce hair regrowth (p<0.05 as compared to the control group). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that hair regrowth efficacy of products recommended for human use is not similar when tested on an animal model.

Levels of defoliation and regrowth dynamics in elephant grass swards / Níveis de desfolhação e a dinâmica da rebrotação em pastos de capim-elefante

The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of forage plants and the processes of growth and senescence in tissues may vary according to the grazing management strategies used. This research aimed to assess the process of regrowth in elephant grass swards Cv. 'Pioneiro' submitted to two pre-grazing heights (90 and 120cm) combined with two levels of defoliation (50 and 70%). A reduction of the leaf elongation rate (LER) was observed during the regrowth stages, in addition to a reduction in the rate of leaf appearance (LAR) and aerial tiller population density (ATPD). In contrast, an increase was observed in leaf senescence (LSR) and stem and pseudo stem elongation rates (SER). The severe defoliation (70%) combined with a pre-grazing height of 120cm compromised the regrowth of elephant grass cv. 'Pioneiro', which must be managed with a maximum height of 90cm and maximum level of defoliation of 50% of the initial height.

As características morfogênicas e estruturais das plantas forrageiras, bem como os processos de crescimento e senescência de tecidos podem variar de acordo com as estratégias de manejo utilizadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de rebrotação em pastos de capim-elefante, cultivar 'Pioneiro', submetidos a duas alturas em pré-pastejo (90 e 120cm) combinadas com duas severidades de desfolhação (50 e 70% da altura inicial). Ao longo das fases de rebrotação, ocorreu uma diminuição das taxas de alongamento foliar (TAF), aparecimento de folhas (TAP) e da densidade populacional de perfilhos aéreos (DPPA), aumento das taxas de senescência foliares (TSF) e alongamento de colmo mais pseudocolmo (TACP). A severidade de desfolha de 70% aliada à altura em pré-pastejo de 120cm comprometeu o processo de rebrotação do capim-elefante cv. 'Pioneiro', devendo este ser manejado com altura máxima de 90cm e com severidade de desfolha não excedendo 50% da altura inicial.

Dinâmica do acúmulo de forragem de Axonopus aureus nos cerrados de Roraima / Forage dynamic accumulation of axonopus aureus in the Roraima´s savannaas

O efeito da idade da planta (21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 e 70 dias) sobre a produção de forragem e características morfogênicas e estruturais de Axonopus aureus, durante o período chuvoso, foi avaliado em condições de campo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas no período de maio a agosto de 2009. O aumento da idade da planta resultou em maiores massas de forragem (MF), taxa absoluta de crescimento, número de perfilhos/planta, número de folhas/perfilho, tamanho médio de folhas, índice de área foliar e taxas de expansão e senescência foliar. As relações entre idades da planta com a MF e a taxa absoluta de crescimento da gramínea foram ajustadas ao modelo quadrático, sendo os máximos valores registrados aos 64,3 (1.394 kg/ha de MS) e 47,2 dias (26,62 kg/ha/dia de MS), respectivamente. As taxas de crescimento da cultura, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxas de aparecimento de perfilhos e de folhas foram inversamente proporcionais às idades da planta. Visando conciliar produtividade de forragem com a maximização das características morfogênicas e estruturais da gramínea, o período de descanso mais adequado para pastagens de A. aureus situa-se entre 42 e 49 dias.

The effects of plant age (21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days) on forage mass (FM) yield, and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Axonopus aureus, during rainy season, were evaluated under natural field conditions. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. Evaluations were carried out during the period of May to August 2009. A FM yield, absolute growth rate (AGR), number of tillers/plant, number of leafs/plant, leaf area index, leaf senescence and elongation rates and blade length increased consistently with growth stage. The relations between FM and AGR with cutting plants age were described by the quadratic regression model. The maximum FM yield and forage production rate performance were estimated at 64.3 (1,394 kg/ha of FM) and 47.2 days of regrowth (26.62 kg/ha/day of FM). The crop growth and relative growth rates, tiller and leaf appearance rates were inversely proportional to cutting plant age. These data suggest that rest period of 42 to 49 days were appropriate for obtain maximum FM yields and improved the grass morphogenetic and structural characteristics.

Regrowth of Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm after Neck Clipping Surgery Presenting with Compressive Optic Neuropathy / 대한임상신경생리학회지

No abstract available.

Tolerância ao alumínio tóxico em germoplasma brasileiro elite de aveia / Aluminum tolerance in elite Brazilian oat germplasm

A presença de alumínio (Al) reduz o rendimento em solos ácidos ou em áreas onde o subsolo possui pH abaixo de 5, pois limita o crescimento radicular e, consequentemente, a absorção de água e nutrientes. Genótipos elite de aveia (Avena sativa L.) não selecionados para a tolerância ao Al foram avaliados quanto a essa característica em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizada, como parâmetro de comparação da tolerância ao Al, a média de recrescimento radicular após a exposição ao Al. O recrescimento da raiz principal dos genótipos elite foi comparado com os controles UFRGS17, considerado tolerante e UFRGS930598-6, sensível. Foram avaliadas as linhagens UFRGS057005-1 e UFRGS057022-2, e as cultivares comerciais 'URSGuria', 'URSTorena', 'URSPenca', 'URSGuará', 'URS Charrua', 'URSTarimba', 'URSTaura', 'URSGuapa' e 'URS21'. A amplitude de recrescimento da raiz dentro de cada genótipo foi elevada, sendo a menor de 15mm e a maior de 44mm. As cultivares 'URSCharrua' e 'URSGuapa' demonstraram tolerância superior a 'UFRGS17'. URSTarimba, apesar da média similar a UFRGS17, mostrou distribuição de frequência mais positiva. URSTorena, UFRGS0570005-1 e URSPenca classificaram-se como intermediários, sendo inferiores a UFRGS17. Nenhum dos genótipos elite apresentou médias de recrescimento igual ou inferior às obtidas pelo controle sensível, UFRGS930598-6.

Oat genotypes were evaluated for aluminum (Al) tolerance in hydroponic solution. The ability of growing after being exposed to high Al (root regrowth) was used to evaluate the genotypes. The apical root regrowth for each genotype was compared to the controls: UFRGS17, Al tolerant, and UFRGS930598-6, Al sensitive. Two lines UFRGS057005-1 and UFRGS057022-2 and nine cultivars 'URSGuria', 'URSTorena', 'URSPenca', 'URSGuará', 'URSCharrua', 'URSTarimba', 'URSTaura', 'URSGuapa' and 'URS21' were evaluated. The root regrowth amplitude inside each genotype was high; the smallest one was 15mm and the largest one, 44mm. URSCharrua and URSGuapa showed higher tolerance than UFRGS17. Despite the similar mean to UFRGS17, URSTarimba regrowth frequency had a more positive skewness. URSTorena, UFRGS0570005-1 and URSPenca were classified as intermediate, being inferior to UFRGS17. None of the genotypes showed root regrowth equal or inferior to the sensitive control, UFRGS930598-6.

Mecanismos de neurodegeneración en la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal / Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in temporal lobe epilepsy

Epilepsy affects 1 and 2 percent of the worldwide population, while temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) covers 40 percent of all epilepsy cases. Controversy in defining epilepsy as a neurodegenerative disease exists because, no there is enough evidence to show seizures and status epilepticus (SE) as cause for irreversible neuronal damage. Epileptogenic insult at the beginning of the disease produces an acute and delayed neuronal death, resulting in gliosis, but also triggers compensatory processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and reorganization of extracellular matrix as receptors, channels and drug transporter proteins. In neurogenesis and axonal regrowth, the age of onset is crucial for the formation of abnormal neurons and aberrant circuits as a result of seizures; approximately 30 percent begin in the temporal lobe. These disturbances continue in parallel or sequentially during the course of epilepsy, which implies a great challenge in the search of new treatments...

La epilepsia es una enfermedad que afecta entre el 1 al 2 por ciento de la población mundial, siendo la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (ELT) la que abarca el 40 por ciento de todos los casos de epilepsia. La controversia en definir a la epilepsia como una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, se debe a que no hay pruebas suficientes que demuestren como las convulsiones y el estado de mal epiléptico (SE) provocan un daño neuronal irreversible. El insulto epileptógenico presente al inicio de la enfermedad genera la muerte neuronal aguda y tardía, para dar lugar a la gliosis; pero también se desencadenan procesos compensatorios como la angiogénesis, la proliferación celular y una reorganización tanto de la matriz extracelular como de los receptores, canales y proteínas transportadoras de fármacos. En el caso de la neurogénesis y recrecimiento axonal, la edad de inicio es determinante para la formación de neuronas anormales y circuitos aberrantes como consecuencia de las convulsiones, dónde aproximadamente un 30 por ciento comienzan en el lóbulo temporal. Estas alteraciones se continúan en paralelo o de forma secuencia! durante la evolución de la epilepsia, lo que implica un gran desafío en la búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos...

Effect of Seaweed Extract on Hair Growth Promotion in Experimental Study of C57BL/6 Mice

BACKGROUND: Recently, substances from seaweeds have been widely used in hair growth solutions, and have been proven to be effective. Seaweeds have been documented to possess hair growth activity; however, no report on the effect of seaweed on hair regeneration has been issued to date. In this study, we investigated which exact substance of hair tonic made by JW-bio and our institute shows effects on hair growth by studying the mechanisms of candidate substances. METHODS: The study was conducted to investigate the hair restoring effect of domestic natural substances; we categorized the candidate substances as seaweed, cereal, and herbal medicine. Five experimental groups were included in the study as follows: a saline group, a 50% ethanol group, seaweed group, a cereal group, and a herbal medicine group. RESULTS: Three extracts (seaweed, cereal, and herbal medicine) were administered to C57BL/6 mice for two weeks after depilation. Depilated areas were found to be completely covered with fully grown hair, and the hair re-growth score was highest in the seaweed group. Using a hair analysis system, hair characteristics were measured in all groups on days 10 and 14 after depilation. The width and length of hair follicles were largest in the seaweed group. Groups treated with seaweed showed significantly increased gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. Groups treated with all the three extracts showed decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1. CONCLUSION: Findings from our study suggest that seaweeds possess hair-growth effects and may be useful for the treatment of alopecia in the future.

Coiling as Retreatment in Intracranial Aneurysm of de novo Formation or Regrowth: Case Report / 신경중재치료의학

Development of de novo aneurysm or aneurysm regrowth after complete clipping of an intracranial aneurysm is rare. We report coiled cases of de novo aneurysm and aneurysm regrowth. We retrospectively reviewed 107 cases of intracranial aneurysm coiling performed in our hospital, identifying five cases of coiled aneurysm that were de novo aneurysm or aneurysm regrowth. In all the cases, total or near total occlusion was seen. There were no complications related to the procedure. In two of the three patients with ruptured aneurysms, consciousness level on admission was stupor. When the patient was discharged after the treatment, one of them had 4 of the modified Rankin Scale. The other one had 5 on discharge. The rest three patients had 0. As for a de novo aneurysm or a regrowth of aneurysm, coiling may be considered when clipping is difficult.

Crescimento, produção de fitomassa e teor de óleo essencial de folhas de capim citronela (Cymbopogon nardus (L. ) Rendle) em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido mineiro / Growth, phytomass yield and essential oil content of leaves of citronella grass [Cymbopogon nardus (L. ) Rendle] intercropping with colored cotton

Avaliou-se o crescimento, a produção e o teor do óleo essencial de dois cortes de capim citronela em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido. Para isso foram utilizados dois sistemas de consórcios (tratamentos): algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 3x1 e algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 1x1. A variedade de algodão colorido utilizada foi a BRS Rubi e as mudas de capim citronela foram produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 16 repetições. O experimento foi mantido em regime de sequeiro e foi avaliado a altura das plantas de capim citronela. Foram realizadas duas colheitas das folhas de capim citronela, sendo a primeira no momento da colheita da fibra do algodão e a segunda na rebrota do capim, seis meses após. Todas as plantas da parcela foram colhidas e as folhas frescas foram pesadas, no campo, com o auxílio de balança digital. Amostras das folhas colhidas foram retiradas e levadas para secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 35ºC até atingirem massa constante. Foi verificada a massa seca e posteriormente realizada a extração do óleo essencial pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho modificado de Clevenger. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Skott-Knott (p<0,05). A altura das plantas não diferiu entre os tratamentos nas colheitas. Para a produção de massa fresca e seca houve diferença entre os tratamentos apenas na segunda colheita. Neste caso, as plantas cultivadas em consórcio 1x1 produziram mais do que as do consórcio 3x1. O teor de óleo essencial de capim citronela não variou entre os dois sistemas de consórcio, tanto no primeiro como no segundo corte.

The research was performed to evaluate the growth, production and essential oil content of the two harvests of citronella grass in intercropped with colored cotton in semiarid.For this, was used two system consortium (treatments): colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 3X1 and colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 1X1. The variety of colored cotton used was BRS Rubi and the citronella grass seedlings were produced in the Medicinal Plants Garden of Unimontes. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two treatments and 16 repetitions. The experiment was maintained under rainfed conditions. Was evaluated plant height of citronella grass. Citronella grass leaves were harvested twice: the first was made at harvest of cotton fiber and the second in the grass regrowth, six months later. All plants in the plot were harvested and the fresh leaves were weighed, in the field, with the aid of a digital balance. Samples from leaves harvested were collected and taken for drying in an oven with forced air at 35ºC until reaching constant weight. Dry mass was verified and the performed the extraction of essential oil by hydrodestilation in Clevenger modified apparatus. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Skott-Knott test (p<0.05). The plants height did not differ between treatments in harvests. For the production of fresh and dry mass was significant difference between treatments only in the second harvest. In this case the plants cultivated in the consortium 1x1 produced more than in the consortium 3x1. The essential oil content of citronella grass did not vary between the two systems consortium, in the first and the second harvest.

THE RESULTS OF NATURALIZING AND PLANTING OF RHODIOLA ROSEA L. IN MONGOLIAN STEPPE ZONE BY VEGETATIVE ORGAN / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background: Rhodiola rosea L. root has used in Western and Eastern countries medical practice widelyfor medicine raw material purpose. Roseroot grows in the high mountains very rarity. In Mongolia thisplant distribute in Khuvsgul, Khentii, Khangai, Uliastai, Khankhukhii, Mongol Daguur (Western), Khovd,(Kharkhiraa), Mongol Altai, Ikh, Baga Bogd (from west longituide 88000 to east side until 110000, and fromnorth latitude 45000), and Dundad Khalkh (Bichigt Dulaan Khad) etc.Dig up the root to use it therefore the ground does not reconstruct or grow by itself. Less thrift, no reservesto use and rare greenery.Goals: The aim of this study was protects its gene bank and preserve the natural resource to doing practiceof rehabilitation therefore chance reserve and could supply raw materials for producing medicine as many aspossible in factory.Materials and Methods: The source material of the Rhodiola rosea L was collected from the Khankh sumof Khuvsgul province.Plantation procedure was done according to planting method of Erdenejav etc (1986), the analysis of kineticsof plant was studied method Ts.Jamsran (1984), was availability of naturalize planting was studied methodof R.A.Karpisinova (1985).The seeds were seeded in 40-45 cm between the row, 20-25 cm between the plants and 3.5-4.5 cm depthin the soil.Results: In the first year for naturalizing field plantlet the Rhodiola roea L. roots wild intergowth 85-90%,during the first growing stage it was regular and the hidden browse set for 1 greenery 4-6 pieces in the rootsmouth and end of the September it becomes visible in the ground.For the 2 year old Rhodiola rosea L. hidden browse during Y/10 stage the first young browse is coming upand greenery growing process is good, it’s height is 30-45 cm and in the main grasp graft’s on the top formedflower stuff, becoming fruitage and growing process become active. In the roots mouth restructuring browseis developed.The 3 year old Rhodiola rosea L. regrowth browse is good, root system become strong and developed alsoflowered and starting to give its seed. Roots system become strong and greenery grown 50-55 cm high.Rhodiola rosea L. is resistible to the cold and looking at the laboratory intergrowth seed picked from the 3 yearold greenery is was 42-48%. Rhodiola rosea L. which we are planting can be use planted in the MongolianSteppe zone. Planted 3 years old of biology active cells of root for plant’s salidroside content is 0.25%.Key words: raw material, regrowth

Surgical Experience of Recurrent Hemorrhage from the Regrowth Cerebral Aneurysm after Initial Neck Clipping: Case Report / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

The neck clipping of cerebral aneurysm is a well established treatment for the subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by aneurysmal rupture. However, incomplete clipping of an aneurysm may result in recurrent hemorrhage with serious or fatal consequence. Recently, two patients underwent reoperation for recurrent hemorrhage from the regrowth aneurysm after previous clipping operation. The technical obstacles to surgical treatment of these two patients were perianeurysmal adhesion or scar formation, presence of clip and coating agents and so on. One patient showed good outcome, another patient was dead by pneumonia. In order to detect regrowth of aneurysm, periodic examination is very important for the patient with remnant neck after aneurysm clipping operation.

Effect of mouthrinse containing Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on plaque formation during a 4-day period / 대한치주과학회지

A novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has been suggested as a promising anti-plaque agent because it has been shown to have additional amylase activity and mutanase activity besides dextranase activity and to strongly bind to hydroxyapatite. Mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase solution was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were less frequent and less intense in human experimental gingivitis. In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase mouthrinses (1 and 2 unit/ml) were compared with a control mouthrinse (commercial 0.01% benzethonium chloride mouthrinse, Caregargle(R), Hanmi Pharmaceuticals) in the ability to inhibit plaque formation. A 3-replicate clinical trial using 4-day plaque regrowth model was used. Fifteen volunteers were rendered plaque-free on the 1st day of each study period, ceased toothcleansing, and rinsed 2X daily with allocated mouthrinse thereafter. On day 5, plaque accumulation was scored and the washout periods was 9 days for the next trial. Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase(1 unit and 2 unit)- containing mouthrinse resulted in significantly lower plaque formation in plaque area and thickness, compared to the control mouthrinse. There was no significant difference in plaque inhibition between enzyme-mouthrinses at 2 different concentrations used. This glucanhydrolase- containing mouthwash resulted in significantly lower plaque area severity index score and tended to have lower plaque thickness severity index score than those of control mouthrinse. But there was no significant difference according to the enzyme concentration. From these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase-containing benzethonium chloride mouthrinse has greater anti-plaque effect than the commercial mouthrinse alone. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is a promising agent for new mouthwash formulation in the near future.

Produção de massa seca e vigor de rebrotação da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu submetida a diferentes doses de nitrogênio e freqüências de cortes / Production of dry mass and regrowth vigor of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu assigned to differents nitrogen levels and frequencies harvest

O experimento foi disposto no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, visando avaliar o efeito do nitrogênio (zero, 45, 90, 180 e 360 mg dm-3 de nitrogênio - N) e de freqüências de corte (14 e 28 dias) sobre a produção da massa seca total e o vigor da rebrotação da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, em vasos, em casa-de-vegetação, com três repetições por tratamento. Todas as fontes de variação (doses de nitrogênio, freqüência de corte e a interação entre eles) tiveram efeito estatisticamente significativo, positivo e negativo sobre a produção de massa seca total, respectivamente, para as doses de N e freqüência de corte. No estudo do vigor de rebrotação (produção corte-1), a interação dos cortes e as doses de nitrogênio não foram significativas (P>0,01) pelo teste de Wilks. O efeito das doses de nitrogênio dentro de cada corte, tanto para desfolhações freqüentes, como para desfolhações menos freqüentes, proporcionou incremento no vigor de rebrotação, com o aumento do suprimento de N (P<0,01).

The experiment was disposed in a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme, with the objective to evaluate of effect of the nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90, 180 and 360 mg dm-3 of nitrogen - N) and frequencies of harvests (14 and 28 days) under the production of total dry mass and the regrowth vigor of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, in pots, in a greenhouse, with three repetitions by treatment. All of the variations sources (nitrogen levels, frequencies of harvests and the interactions between them) had effect statistically significative, positive and negative under the production of total dry mass, respectively, for the N levels and the frequencies of harvest. In the study of the regrowth vigor (production harvest-1), the interaction of the harvests and the nitrogen levels were not significative (P<0,01) by the Wilks test. The effect off the nitrogen levels inside of each harvest as much as frequents defoliations, how for less frequents defoliations, provided increment in regrowth vigor with the increase in the supply of N.

Aggressive Vestibular Schwannomas Showing Rapid Growth after Surgical Resection; Clinicopathological Analysis of 15 Cases

OBJECTIVE: Vestibular schwannomas(VS) are known to be relatively slow growing tumors. Some VS, however, rapidly regrow or recur after surgical resection. Our objective is to investigate clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors and to elucidate factors, which can predict a rapid regrowth or recurrence after surgical resection. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with VS underwent reoperation for regrowth or recurrence at the Department of Neurosurgery in Seoul National University Hospital between 1978 and 2000. Among these, 15 VS regrew or recurred rapidly(annual growth rate larger than 15mm/year). To compare morphology and proliferative activity, 15 cases of VS were randomly selected among consecutive operative cases between 1991 and 1999 with tumor size more than 4cm. As pathological parameters, cellularity, pleomorphism, mitosis, necrosis, invasion to adjacent tissue, and microvascular proliferation were examined. Proliferative indices(Ki-67 index) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Fischers exact test and ANOVA test. RESULTS: The mean ages at a diagnosis were respectively 40.6(range 21-63), and 49.7(range 35-67) [p=0.438]. Male to female ratio was respectively 7:7, and 5:10[p=0.462]. In radiological findings, aggressive group at initial presentation had more lobulating contour than CG(7/13 cases vs 3/15 cases, p=0.001). In pathologic findings, cellularity and pleomorphism were significantly higher than those of control group(p=0.001). Proliferative index(Ki-67 index) was higher in aggressive group than control group [2.28(range 0.1-8.6) vs 0.59(range 0-1.5), p=0.034]. CONCLUSION: Vestibular schwannoma presented with lobulating contour, high proliferative index(Ki-67 index), and high cellularity or pleomorphism should be frequently investigated radiologically during follow-up for early detection of regrowth or recurrence.

Regrowth of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm after 13 Years of the First Clipping: A Case Report / 대한뇌혈관학회지

Microsurgical neck clipping has been believed to be the most reliable treatment for the intracranial aneurysm. However, recurrence or regrowth from so called "completely clipped aneurysm" with catastrophic outcome has been infrequently reported. We describe an unusual case of regrowth of posterior communicating artery aneurysm which was found 13 years after the first successful clipping at the same site. Surgeons should pay attention to the possibility of such a regrowth even though the initial clipping seemed to be perfect. Additional deliberate postoperative angiography might resolve this late consequence.