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Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently change renal replacement (RRT) therapy modality due to medical or social reasons. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients under peritoneal dialysis (PD) according to the preceding RRT modality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study in prevalent PD patients from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, who were followed for 60 months or until they dropped out of PD. Patients were divided into three groups according to the preceding RRT: prior hemodialysis (HD), failed kidney transplant (KT), and PD-first. Results: Among 152 patients, 115 were PD-first, 22 transitioned from HD, and 15 from a failing KT. There was a tendency for ultrafiltration failure to occur more in patients transitioning from HD (27.3% vs. 9.6% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.07). Residual renal function was better preserved in the group with no prior RRT (p < 0.001). A tendency towards a higher annual rate of peritonitis was observed in the prior KT group (0.70 peritonitis/year per patient vs. 0.10 vs. 0.21, p = 0.065). Thirteen patients (8.6%) had a major cardiovascular event, 5 of those had been transferred from a failing KT (p = 0.004). There were no differences between PD-first, prior KT, and prior HD in terms of death and technique survival (p = 0.195 and p = 0.917, respectively) and PD efficacy was adequate in all groups. Conclusions: PD is a suitable option for ESRD patients regardless of the previous RRT and should be offered to patients according to their clinical and social status and preferences.
Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET) frequentemente mudam de modalidade de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) por razões médicas ou sociais. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar desfechos de pacientes em diálise peritoneal (DP) segundo a modalidade anterior de TRS. Métodos: Realizamos estudo retrospectivo observacional unicêntrico, em pacientes prevalentes em DP, de 1º de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2017, acompanhados por 60 meses ou até saírem de DP. Pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a TRS anterior: hemodiálise prévia (HD), transplante renal malsucedido (TR) e DP como primeira opção (PD-first). Resultados: Entre 152 pacientes, 115 eram PD-first, 22 transitaram da HD e 15 de TR malsucedido. Houve tendência à maior ocorrência de falência de ultrafiltração em pacientes em transição da HD (27,3% vs. 9,6% vs. 6,7%; p = 0,07). A função renal residual foi melhor preservada no grupo sem TRS prévia (p < 0,001). Observou-se tendência à maior taxa anual de peritonite no grupo TR prévio (0,70 peritonite/ano por paciente vs. 0,10 vs. 0,21; p = 0,065). Treze pacientes (8,6%) tiveram um evento cardiovascular maior, cinco dos quais haviam sido transferidos de um TR malsucedido (p = 0,004). Não houve diferenças entre PD-first, TR prévio e HD prévia em termos de óbito e sobrevida da técnica (p = 0,195 e p = 0,917, respectivamente) e a eficácia da DP foi adequada em todos os grupos. Conclusões: A DP é uma opção adequada para pacientes com DRET, independentemente da TRS anterior, e deve ser oferecida aos pacientes de acordo com seu status clínico e social e suas preferências.
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ABSTRACT The CONVINCE study, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, reveals a groundbreaking 23% reduction in the relative risk of all-cause mortality among end-stage kidney patients undergoing high convective volume hemodiafiltration. This significant finding challenges the conventional use of high-flux hemodialysis and offers hope for improving outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients. While some controversies surround the study's findings, including concerns about generalizability and the causes of death, it is essential to acknowledge the study's design and its main outcomes. The CONVINCE study, part of the HORIZON 2020 project, enrolled 1360 patients and demonstrated the superiority of hemodiafiltration in reducing all-cause mortality overall, as well as in specific patient subgroups (elderly, short vintage, non-diabetic, and those without cardiac issues). Interestingly, it was shown that hemodiafiltration had a protective effect against infection, including COVID-19. Future research will address sustainability, dose scaling effects, identification of subgroups especially likely to benefit and cost-effectiveness. However, for now, the findings strongly support a broader adoption of hemodiafiltration in renal replacement therapy, marking a significant advancement in the field.
RESUMO O estudo CONVINCE, publicado recentemente no New England Journal of Medicine, revela uma redução inovadora de 23% no risco relativo de mortalidade por todas as causas entre pacientes renais em estágio terminal submetidos à hemodiafiltração de alto volume de convecção. Esse achado significativo desafia o uso convencional da hemodiálise de alto fluxo e oferece esperança de melhoria dos desfechos em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Embora algumas controvérsias cerquem os achados do estudo, incluindo preocupações sobre a generalização e as causas de óbito, é essencial reconhecer o desenho do estudo e seus principais desfechos. O estudo CONVINCE, parte do projeto HORIZON 2020, inscreveu 1.360 pacientes e demonstrou a superioridade da hemodiafiltração na redução da mortalidade por todas as causas em geral, bem como em subgrupos específicos de pacientes (idosos, HD de curta duração, não diabéticos e aqueles sem problemas cardíacos). Curiosamente, demonstrou-se que a hemodiafiltração teve um efeito protetor contra infecções, incluindo a COVID-19. Pesquisas futuras abordarão sustentabilidade, efeitos de escalonamento da dose, identificação de subgrupos especialmente propensos a se beneficiar e a relação custo-benefício. No entanto, por ora, os achados apoiam fortemente uma adoção mais ampla da hemodiafiltração na terapia renal substitutiva, marcando um avanço significativo na área.
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With the maturity of kidney transplantation, introduction of new immunosuppressive drugs and improvement of immunosuppressive regimen, the short-term survival rate of kidney transplant recipients has been significantly improved, whereas the long-term survival rate has not been significantly elevated. Kidney transplant recipients may have the risk of renal graft loss. Clinical management after renal graft loss is complicated, including the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs, management of renal graft and selection of subsequent renal replacement therapy. These management procedures directly affect clinical prognosis of patients with renal graft loss. Nevertheless, relevant guidelines or consensuses are still lacking. Clinical management of patients after renal graft loss highly depend upon clinicians’ experience. In this article, the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs, management of renal graft and selection of subsequent renal replacement therapy were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for prolonging the survival and improving the quality of life of these patients.
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Objective:To study clinical outcomes, genetic etiology, efficacy and safety of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for neonatal hyperammonemia.Methods:From September 2016 to June 2023, neonates with hyperammonemia receiving CRRT in NICU of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Their perinatal conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, genetic tests, treatments and outcomes were collected. The patients were assigned into survival group and death group according to their conditions at discharge. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the differences between the two groups.Results:A total of 10 patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 2 females. The gestational age was 39.3(38.2,39.8)weeks and birth weight 3 300(3 050, 3 583) g. The age of onset was 2.0(2.0, 4.3) d. The main clinical manifestations included seizures, coma and high blood ammonia level (up to 586-1 250 μmol/L). The patients received CRRT at 3.0(2.0, 8.3) d of age and CRRT lasted for 20.5(16.5, 42.8) h. Before CRRT, average time of coma was 10.0(3.5, 12.8) h and the total duration of coma was 20.5(12.5, 29.0) h. After CRRT, blood ammonia decreased (52.6±22.2) μmol/L every hour for 6 h. The genetic tests showed ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in 5 cases, methylmalonic acidemia in 2 cases, propionic acidemia in 1 case, carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency in 1 case and transient hyperammonemia in 1 case. 6 patients survived. 4 patients died at discharge, including 2 withdrawal treatment. The duration of coma before CRRT and the total duration of coma in the death group were significantly longer than the survival group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inborn metabolic error are common causes of neonatal hyperammonemia. Timely CRRT can safely and effectively reduce blood ammonia levels and may improve clinical outcomes.
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By analyzing the design principles and treatment modes of Gambro Prismaflex CRRT device,based on the basic structure and treatment process,and the typical failure cases of pressure joints and scale zeroing test failures in continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)equipment were analyzed,the targeted solution and maintenance strategies were proposed to ensure the stable and efficient operation of CRRT equipment.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system （DPMAS） and sequential plasma exchange （PE） combined with continuous renal replacement therapy （CRRT） in the treatment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） and acute kidney injury （AKI）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 90 patients with ACLF and AKI who were hospitalized in The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022， and according to the method for blood purification， they were divided into DPMAS sequential PE+CRRT group （observation group with 31 patients） and DPMAS sequential PE group （control group with 59 patients）. General data on admission and laboratory markers before and after blood purification were collected from all patients， including hepatic and renal function， coagulation function， and inflammation markers， and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） and MELD combined with serum sodium concentration （MELD-Na） score were calculated. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data within each group before and after treatment， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsThe observation group had a significantly higher response rate than the control group ［48.4% （15/31） vs 27.1% （16/59）， χ2=4.071， P=0.044］. The methods for blood purification in both groups could effectively improve total bilirubin， alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， prothrombin time activity， serum creatinine （Scr）， procalcitonin （PCT）， C-reactive protein， eGFR， and MELD-Na score （all P<0.05）， and both groups had significant reductions in platelet count （PLT） and hemoglobin （Hb） after treatment （all P<0.05）， while there were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen， albumin， and international normalized ratio after treatment （all P>0.05）. There were significant differences between the two groups in the changes in AST， Scr， PCT， eGFR， MELD-Na score， Hb， and PLT after treatment （all P<0.05）. ConclusionDPMAS sequential PE combined with CRRT can effectively remove inflammatory mediators， improve renal function， stabilize the internal environment of human body， and achieve a relatively good clinical efficacy.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Renal dysfunction is an important risk factor for stroke. Brazilian studies on stroke knowledge are generally population based. Studies stratifying stroke knowledge according to comorbidities are rare. Scientific data are essential to guide the awareness of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess stroke knowledge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study of patients with CKD on hemodialysis in north-eastern Brazil. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey on stroke awareness was administered to patients with CKD on hemodialysis between April and November 2022. The chi-square test and other descriptive statistics were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were included in the analysis. The Brazilian acronym for stroke was used by 53.5% of the participants. Less than 10.0% of the sample showed optimal decision-making ability regarding stroke. Of the participants, 29.9% knew at least one risk factor and one symptom; however, this was considered as having below the minimum capacity because they did not know the emergency service call number. In the analysis adjusted for income and education, females (odds ratio [OR], 0.40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.82), older patients (OR, 0.24%; 95% CI, 0.09-0.63) and having at most one comorbidity (OR, 0.48%; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98) were factors for lower levels of knowledge or ideal decision-making capacity against stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on hemodialysis, especially women and older people, have little knowledge about stroke.
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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a presença de isquemia na porção distal das mãos dos membros superiores com Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) através da termografia por infravermelho. Método Amostra composta por 15 pacientes em TRS por hemodiálise por meio de FAV que responderam um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores com as seguintes variáveis: dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, sinais vitais e dados sobre a FAV. Para obtenção dos termogramas das mãos com e sem FAV foi utilizado uma câmera termográfica por infravermelho C5, FLIR Systems, fixada a 50 cm das mãos dos participantes, privilegiando o enquadramento bilateral enquadrando ambas as mãos. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em planilha de Excel 2011® e comparados estatisticamente utilizando o programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para avaliar se existia diferença entre as médias de temperatura. Resultados Com relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, o gênero masculino foi o predominante, faixa etária com média de 45 anos, ensino fundamental (incompleto/completo), casados e provenientes de outros municípios. A termografia demonstrou que há diferença de temperatura entre as mãos com FAV e sem FAV, com variação na temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor para as mãos com FAV. Conclusão A análise da distribuição do sangue das mãos por meio da termografia pode fornecer evidências sobre a microcirculação periférica e orientar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento da isquemia induzida por FAV em indivíduos em TRS, como ferramenta inovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar das complicações dos acessos venosos de pacientes em hemodiálise.
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la presencia de isquemia en la parte distal de las manos de los miembros superiores con fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) a través de la termografía infrarroja. Métodos Muestra compuesta por 15 pacientes en TRR por hemodiálisis mediante FAV que respondieron un cuestionario elaborado por los propios autores con las siguientes variables: datos sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, signos vitales y datos sobre la FAV. Para obtener los termogramas de las manos con y sin FAV, se utilizó una cámara termográfica infrarroja C5, FLIR Systems, ubicada a 50 cm de las manos de los participantes, favoreciendo el encuadramiento bilateral y encuadrando ambas manos. Los datos obtenidos se organizaron en una planilla de Excel 2011® y se compararon estadísticamente con el programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para evaluar si había diferencia entre los promedios de temperatura. Resultados Con relación a las variables sociodemográficas, el género masculino fue predominante, grupo de edad promedio de 45 años, educación primaria (incompleta/completa), casados y provenientes de otros municipios. La termografía demostró que hay diferencia de temperatura entre las manos con FAV y sin FAV, con una variación de temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor en las manos con FAV. Conclusión El análisis de la distribución de la sangre de las manos por medio de termografía puede ofrecer evidencias sobre la microcirculación periférica y guiar el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de la isquemia inducida por FAV en individuos en TRR, como una herramienta innovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar de las complicaciones de los accesos vasculares de pacientes en hemodiálisis.
Abstract Objective To assess the presence of ischemia in the distal portion of the hands of the upper limbs with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) using infrared thermography. Method The sample consisted of 15 patients on RRT via hemodialysis using an AVF who answered a questionnaire prepared by the authors themselves with sociodemographic data, diagnosis, vital signs and data on AVF. To obtain thermograms of hands with and without AVF, a C5 infrared thermographic camera, FLIR Systems, was used, fixed 50 cm from participants' hands, favoring bilateral framing of both hands. The data obtained were organized in an Excel 2011® spreadsheet and statistically compared using the Microcal Origin 6.0 program to assess whether there was a difference between temperature averages. Results Regarding sociodemographic variables, males were predominant, with a mean age of 45 years, (incomplete/complete) elementary school, married and from other municipalities. Thermography demonstrated that there is a difference in temperature between hands with AVF and without AVF, with a temperature variation of 1.78°C (± SD 1.99°C), lower for hands with AVF. Conclusion The analysis of hand blood distribution using thermography can provide evidence on peripheral microcirculation and guide the early diagnosis and treatment of AVF-induced ischemia in individuals undergoing RRT as an innovative auxiliary diagnostic tool for complications of venous access in hemodialysis patients.
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ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the factors influencing carbon dioxide transfer in a system that integrates an oxygenation membrane in series with high-bicarbonate continuous veno-venous hemodialysis in hypercapnic animals. Methods In an experimental setting, we induced severe acute kidney injury and hypercapnia in five female Landrace pigs. Subsequently, we initiated high (40mEq/L) bicarbonate continuous veno-venous hemodialysis with an oxygenation membrane in series to maintain a pH above 7.25. At intervals of 1 hour, 6 hours, and 12 hours following the initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodialysis, we performed standardized sweep gas flow titration to quantify carbon dioxide transfer. We evaluated factors associated with carbon dioxide transfer through the membrane lung with a mixed linear model. Results A total of 20 sweep gas flow titration procedures were conducted, yielding 84 measurements of carbon dioxide transfer. Multivariate analysis revealed associations among the following (coefficients ± standard errors): core temperature (+7.8 ± 1.6 °C, p < 0.001), premembrane partial pressure of carbon dioxide (+0.2 ± 0.1/mmHg, p < 0.001), hemoglobin level (+3.5 ± 0.6/g/dL, p < 0.001), sweep gas flow (+6.2 ± 0.2/L/minute, p < 0.001), and arterial oxygen saturation (-0.5 ± 0.2%, p = 0.019). Among these variables, and within the physiological ranges evaluated, sweep gas flow was the primary modifiable factor influencing the efficacy of low-blood-flow carbon dioxide removal. Conclusion Sweep gas flow is the main carbon dioxide removal-related variable during continuous veno-venous hemodialysis with a high bicarbonate level coupled with an oxygenator. Other carbon dioxide transfer modulating variables included the hemoglobin level, arterial oxygen saturation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and core temperature. These results should be interpreted as exploratory to inform other well-designed experimental or clinical studies.
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os fatores que influenciam a transferência de dióxido de carbono em um sistema que integra uma membrana de oxigenação em série com terapia de substituição renal contínua com alto teor de bicarbonato em animais hipercápnicos. Métodos Em um ambiente experimental, induzimos lesão renal aguda grave e hipercapnia em cinco porcos Landrace fêmeas. Em seguida, iniciamos terapia de substituição renal contínua com alto teor de bicarbonato (40mEq/L) com uma membrana de oxigenação em série para manter o pH acima de 7,25. Em intervalos de 1 hora, 6 horas e 12 horas após o início da terapia de substituição renal contínua, realizamos uma titulação padronizada do fluxo de gás de varredura para quantificar a transferência de dióxido de carbono. Avaliamos os fatores associados à transferência de dióxido de carbono através da membrana pulmonar com um modelo linear misto. Resultados Realizamos 20 procedimentos de titulação do fluxo de gás de varredura, produzindo 84 medições de transferência de dióxido de carbono. A análise multivariada revelou associações entre os seguintes itens (coeficientes ± erros padrão): temperatura central (+7,8 ± 1,6 °C, p < 0,001), pressão parcial pré-membrana de dióxido de carbono (+0,2 ± 0,1mmHg, p < 0,001), nível de hemoglobina (+3,5 ± 0,6g/dL, p < 0,001), fluxo de gás de varredura (+6,2 ± 0,2L/minuto, p < 0,001) e saturação de oxigênio (-0,5% ± 0,2%, p = 0,019). Entre essas variáveis, e dentro das faixas fisiológicas avaliadas, o fluxo do gás de varredura foi o principal fator modificável que influenciou a eficácia da remoção de dióxido de carbono de baixo fluxo sanguíneo. Conclusão O fluxo do gás de varredura é a principal variável relacionada à remoção de dióxido de carbono durante a terapia de substituição renal contínua com um alto nível de bicarbonato acoplado a um oxigenador. Outras variáveis moduladoras da transferência de dióxido de carbono incluíram o nível de hemoglobina, a saturação de oxigênio, a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono e a temperatura central. Esses resultados devem ser interpretados como exploratórios para informar outros estudos experimentais ou clínicos bem planejados.
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ABSTRACT Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the main extracorporeal kidney support therapy used in critical ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Since its conceptualization ~50 years ago, there have been major improvements in its technology and utilization. The last decade, and particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, has been marked by a growing interest and demand of CRRT in worldwide ICUs. This has underpinned the need for improvements in nomenclature and process standardization, optimization of CRRT deliverables, and the development and validation of key performance indicators. Further, how to leverage digital health technologies to build clinical decision support for CRRT and improve personalized bedside decisions is a subject of intense investigation. Herein, we summarize notable advancements in the provision of CRRT and propose areas in need of further development.
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ABSTRACT Among renal replacement therapies, preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) presents the best clinical, social, and economic results. However, it is still infrequently chosen as first therapy for patients with irreversible kidney failure. Initiatives in different parts of the world were developed to identify the reasons why PKT is still not widely used and to facilitate the access of patients with end-stage kidney disease to the advantages associated with it. This article addresses the main advantages and difficulties of PKT and discusses when it should be indicated and how to prepare potential recipients for PKT.
Resumo Entre as terapias renais substitutivas, o transplante renal preemptivo (TRP) apresenta os melhores resultados clínicos, sociais e econômicos. No entanto, ainda é raramente escolhido como primeira terapia para pacientes com falência renal irreversível. Foram desenvolvidas iniciativas em diferentes partes do mundo para identificar as razões pelas quais o TRP ainda não é amplamente utilizado e para facilitar o acesso de pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal às vantagens associadas ao mesmo. Este artigo aborda as principais vantagens e dificuldades do TRP e discute quando ele deve ser indicado e como preparar potenciais receptores para o TRP.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the persistent AKI risk index (PARI) in predicting acute kidney injury within 72 hours after admission to the intensive care unit, persistent acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and death within 7 days in patients hospitalized due to acute respiratory failure. Methods: This study was done in a cohort of diagnoses of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit of eight hospitals in Curitiba, Brazil, between March and September 2020 due to acute respiratory failure secondary to suspected COVID-19. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed or refuted by RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The ability of PARI to predict acute kidney injury at 72 hours, persistent acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and death within 7 days was analyzed by ROC curves in comparison to delta creatinine, SOFA, and APACHE II. Results: Of the 1,001 patients in the cohort, 538 were included in the analysis. The mean age was 62 ± 17 years, 54.8% were men, and the median APACHE II score was 12. At admission, the median SOFA score was 3, and 83.3% had no renal dysfunction. After admission to the intensive care unit, 17.1% had acute kidney injury within 72 hours, and through 7 days, 19.5% had persistent acute kidney injury, 5% underwent renal replacement therapy, and 17.1% died. The PARI had an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 (0.696 - 0.807) for the prediction of acute kidney injury at 72 hours, 0.71 (0.613 - 0.807) for renal replacement therapy, and 0.64 (0.565 - 0.710) for death. Conclusion: The PARI has acceptable accuracy in predicting acute kidney injury within 72 hours and renal replacement therapy within 7 days of admission to the intensive care unit, but it is not significantly better than the other scores.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia do persistent AKI risk index (PARI) na predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas após a admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, injúria renal aguda persistente, terapia de substituição renal e óbito, em até 7 dias em pacientes internados por insuficiência respiratória aguda. Métodos: Estudo de método-diagnóstico com base em coorte de inclusão consecutiva de pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva de oito hospitais de Curitiba (PR) entre março e setembro de 2020, por insuficiência respiratória aguda secundária à suspeita de COVID-19, com confirmação ou refutação diagnóstica dada pelo resultado de RT-PCR para detecção do SARS-CoV-2. O potencial preditor do PARI foi analisado por curva ROC em relação a delta creatinina, SOFA e APACHE II, para os desfechos injúria renal aguda em 72 horas; injúria renal aguda persistente; terapia de substituição renal e mortalidade em até 7 dias. Resultados: Dos 1.001 pacientes da coorte, 538 foram incluídos na análise. A média de idade foi de 62 ± 17 anos, 54,8% eram homens e o APACHE II mediano foi de 12. Na admissão, o SOFA mediano era 3, e 83,3% não apresentavam disfunção renal. Após admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, 17,1% apresentaram injúria renal aguda em 72 horas e, até o sétimo dia, 19,5% apresentaram injúria renal aguda persistente, 5% realizaram terapia de substituição renal, e 17,1% foram a óbito. O PARI apresentou área sob a curva ROC de 0,75 (0,696 - 0,807) para predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas, 0,71 (0,613 - 0,807) para terapia de substituição renal e 0,64 (0,565 - 0,710) para mortalidade. Conclusão: O PARI tem acurácia aceitável na predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas e terapia de substituição renal em até 7 dias da admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, porém sem diferença significativa dos demais escores.
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Introduction: hemodialysis is a treatment that helps in the survival of patients with renal failure, through an established cardiopulmonary bypass to carry out blood filtration, as a result, there is a need for a feasible, lasting and effective vascular access. There are two types of vascular access, arteriovenous fistulas, using autogenous veins or prostheses, and venous catheters. The indications for choosing the type of vascular access are related to the characteristics and restriction of use of each patient.Objective: to analyze the epidemiological, demographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis in two reference services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and compare the clinical-surgical processes with those defined by the Kidney Guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI).Methods: data were collected in two public hospitals, with patients undergoing hemodialysis, through registration forms and medical records, from August to December 2016. The volunteers were informed about the procedures and objectives of the study and, after agreeing, they signed a consent form. The variables age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, hemodialysis time, types of accesses already used , complications related to the accesses and underlying disease were analyzed. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis of both genders, with no age restriction, were included. Patients not able to perform one of the techniques, arteriovenous fistula or catheter, were excluded . The collected data were compared with the Kidney guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI).Results: a total of 252 individuals were included, of which 182 are patients undergoing reference hospital treatment in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, SP and 70 patients at the State University Hospital Mário Covas, a State reference in the clinical management of patients undergoing hemodialysis care.Conclusion: chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent with progression to end-stage chronic kidney failure (dialysis). The definition of the epidemiological profile of the population undergoing treatment, as well as the journey of venous accesses for hemodialysis (catheters and fistulas), are fundamental for the multidisciplinary team's learning curve about complications throughout the course of the disease/treatment. Furthermore, the clinical-surgical management of this population is in line with the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation. The treatment performed in these hemodialysis centers is efficient and in line with what the KDOQI recommends.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.
Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.
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RESUMEN El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, laboratoriales, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con SUH hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (INSN-B) de Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron a 83 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 22 meses. El 71,1% (n=59) registró uso previo de antibióticos. El 86,8% (n=72) tuvieron oligoanuria y el 74,6% (n=62) diarrea. Cinco cultivos fueron positivos (dos Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica). Cuarenta y nueve (59%) requirieron terapia de reemplazo renal. Ningún paciente falleció durante la hospitalización. Al año del seguimiento, siete pacientes presentaron nefropatía pos-SUH. En conclusión, en el INSN-B, la mediana de edad fue similar que años anteriores y hubo una mayor frecuencia de oligoanuria y terapia de reemplazo renal en comparación con reportes previos.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the clinical-epidemiological, laboratory, treatment, and follow-up characteristics of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The medical records of patients with HUS hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (INSN-B) (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. We evaluated 83 patients. The median age was 22 months (interquartile range: 14 to 30 months). Of the sample, 71.1% (59) registered previous use of antibiotics. Seventy-two (86.8%) had oligoanuria and 62 (74.6%) had diarrhea. Five cultures were positive (two enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli). Forty-nine (59%) required renal replacement therapy. No patient died during hospitalization. At one year of follow-up, seven patients developed post-HUS nephropathy. In conclusion, in INSN-B, the median age was like previous years and there was a higher frequency of oligoanuria, and renal replacement therapy compared to previous reports.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , NiñoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission early after transplantation have a poor prognosis. However, many studies have only focused on allogeneic HSCT recipients. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU shortly after transplantation and assess differences in 1-year mortality between autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients. DESIGN AND SETTING: A single-center retrospective cohort study in a cancer center in Brazil. METHODS: We included all consecutive patients who underwent HSCT less than a year before ICU admission between 2009 and 2018. We collected clinical and demographic data and assessed the 1-year mortality of all patients. The effect of allogeneic HSCT compared with autologous HSCT on 1-year mortality risk was evaluated in an unadjusted model and an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model for age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) at admission. RESULTS: Of the 942 patients who underwent HSCT during the study period, 83 (8.8%) were included in the study (autologous HSCT = 57 [68.7%], allogeneic HSCT = 26 [31.3%]). At 1 year after ICU admission, 21 (36.8%) and 18 (69.2%) patients who underwent autologous and allogeneic HSCT, respectively, had died. Allogeneic HSCT was associated with increased 1-year mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio, HR = 2.79 [confidence interval, CI, 95%, 1.48-5.26]; adjusted HR = 2.62 [CI 95%, 1.29-5.31]). CONCLUSION: Allogeneic HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU had higher short- and long-term mortality rates than autologous HSCT recipients, even after adjusting for age and severity at ICU admission.
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Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. In Brazil, the incidence and prevalence rates of dialysis CKD progressively increase, but the transition process is a challenge for patients and caregivers in coping with the disease. Dialysis urgency, lack of planned access or prior knowledge of treatment is a reality for most. Guidelines recommend that treatment options should include the conscious preference of a fully informed patient. However, pre-dialysis educational information is an exception, leading to a large number of unplanned initial dialysis. The original study "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) aimed to identify patient priorities and gaps in shared decision-making about dialysis, using structured interviews with questions about demographics, clinical history and patients' perception of their health. The goal of this study was to carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaires used in the EPOCH-RRT Study for the Brazilian context. Method: This is a methodological study that consisted of the initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, review by a committee of experts, pre-test and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. All ethical precepts were followed. Results: The questionnaires were translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context. Additionally, it was applied to 84 chronic renal patients on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and outpatients. Discussion: There is a lack of an educational-therapeutic approach aimed at patients with CKD, and the EPOCH-RRT questionnaire can be a tool for Brazilian dialysis services to change this paradigm.
Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, as taxas de incidência e prevalência da DRC dialítica aumentam progressivamente, mas o processo de transição apresenta-se como desafio para pacientes e cuidadores no enfrentamento da doença. Urgência dialítica, ausência de acesso planejado ou conhecimento prévio do tratamento é uma realidade para a maioria. Diretrizes recomendam que opções de tratamento devam incluir a preferência consciente de um paciente totalmente informado. No entanto, informação educacional pré-diálise é exceção, acarretando grande número de diálises iniciais não planejadas. O estudo original "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) teve por objetivo identificar as prioridades do paciente e as lacunas na tomada de decisões compartilhadas sobre a diálise, utilizando entrevistas estruturadas, com questões sobre dados demográficos, história clínica e percepção dos pacientes sobre sua saúde. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação dos questionários utilizados no Estudo EPOCH-RRT para o contexto brasileiro. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico que consistiu na tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retro tradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Todos os preceitos éticos foram seguidos. Resultados: Os questionários foram traduzidos, adaptados e validados para o contexto brasileiro. Adicionalmente, foi aplicado em 84 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal e ambulatoriais. Discussão: Há carência de enfoque educativo-terapêutico dirigido aos pacientes com DRC, e o questionário EPOCH-RRT pode ser uma ferramenta para serviços de diálise brasileiros mudarem esse paradigma.
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Abstract Background: Few studies have compared the infectious and mechanical complications seen in planned-start and urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Objectives: To compare the incidence and etiology of mechanical and infectious complications in patients offered planned- and urgent-start PD and assess potential differences in patient survival and time on PD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with chronic kidney disease on planned- and urgent-start PD seen from 2014 to 2020 and compared them for mechanical and infectious complications, clinical outcome, death rates, and need to switch to hemodialysis. Results: Ninety-nine patients on planned-start PD and 206 on urgent-start PD were included. Incidence of exit-site infection (18.9 vs. 17.17%, p=0.71) and peritonitis (24.27 vs. 27.27%, p=0.57) were similar between patients, while pathogens causing peritonitis were different, although non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were more commonly seen in the planned-start PD group. Leakage as a mechanical complication and hospitalization were more common among patients needing urgent-start PD (10.68 vs. 2.02%, p=0.0085 and 35.44 vs. 17.17%, p=0.0011, respectively). Patient survival was similar between groups. Cox regression found an association between death and age (HR=1.051, 95% CI 1.026-1.07, p=0.0001) and albumin (HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.501-0.893, p=0.0064), and between peritonitis and a diagnosis of diabetes (HR=2.016, 95% CI 1.25-3.25, p=0.004). Conclusion: Patient survival and time on PD were similar between the planned- and urgent-start PD groups, while leakage was more frequently seen in the urgent-start PD group. Death was associated with lower albumin levels and older age, while peritonitis was associated with diabetes.
Resumo Antecedentes: Poucos estudos compararam as complicações infecciosas e mecânicas relacionadas à diálise peritoneal (DP) de início planejado e não planejado. Objetivos: Comparar a incidência e etiologia das complicações mecânicas e infecciosas associadas à DP tanto de início planejado quanto não planejado e avaliar comparativamente a sobrevida da técnica e dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que avaliou pacientes com doença renal crônica em DP não planejada e planejada de 2014 a 2020 quanto às complicações mecânicas e infecciosas e desfechos clínicos óbito ou mudança para hemodiálise. Resultados: Foram avaliados 99 pacientes em DP planejada e 206 em DP não planejada. Foram semelhantes quanto à incidência de Infecção do Orifício de Saída (18,9x17,17%, p=0,71), peritonite (24,27x27,27%, p=0,57) e diferentes quanto aos agentes etiológicos das peritonites, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores mais frequentes no grupo planejado. Diferiram quanto à complicação mecânica extravasamento e internação, ambas mais frequentes no grupo não planejado (10,68 x 2,02%, p=0,0085 e 35,44 x 17,17%, p=0,0011, respectivamente). Semelhantes quanto à sobrevida dos pacientes e da técnica. À regressão de Cox, associou ao óbito a idade (HR=1,051, IC 95% 1,026-1,07, p=0,0001) e a albumina (HR=0,66, IC 95% 0,501-0,893, p=0,0064), e à peritonite a presença de diabetes (HR=2,016, IC 95% 1,25-3,25, p=0,004). Conclusão: A sobrevida da técnica e dos pacientes foi semelhante nos grupos DP planejada e não planejada, enquanto o extravasamento foi mais frequente no grupo de início não planejado. Associaram-se ao óbito menores valores de albumina e maior idade, e à peritonite, o diabetes.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of early continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) within 24 h on in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the patients diagnosed as sepsis in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2013 to December 2017. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into the survival group and death group. The clinical baseline data of the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen out the risk factors of death in patients with sepsis and evaluate the effect of CRRT on mortality. According to whether CRRT was performed within 24 h after admission, the patients were divided into the CRRT group and non-CRRT group to compare fluid balance.Results:Among the 612 patients, 416 (67.9%) patients were male, the median age was 66 years; 362 patients survived and 250 patients died, with a mortality rate of 40.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for death in patients with sepsis were: sex, simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ, sequential organ failure assessment, lactate, procalcitonin, and complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients received CRRT within 24 h had a higher risk of mortality ( OR=1.981 95% CI: 1.120-3.504, P=0.019). There was a statistically significant difference in fluid balance between the CRRT group and the non-CRRT group on the first day ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in total fluid balance in the first 3 days ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Early CRRT within 24 h cannot reduce the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis. The failure of CRRT which did not timely correct the volume overload state of patients with sepsis after fluid resuscitation may affect the outcome.
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Objective:To explore the role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) combined with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2R) in the treatment of children with respiratory failure. Methods:The clinical data of 12 children with respiratory failure who were treated with CRRT+ECCO 2R in PICU of Jinan Children's Hospital from July 2020 to August 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The outcomes and the external pipeline usage of the patients were observed, and the blood gas analysis and ventilator parameters before 1 h and after 1, 6, 12 and 24 h of the treatment were compared by one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc correction. Results:Six patients successfully withdrew from CRRT+ECCO 2R and mechanical ventilation, three patients were transferred to ECMO treatment. Three cases died after voluntary withdrawal of treatment, and two cases died due to treatment failure. The mortality rate was 41.7%. After continuous treatment of CRRT+ECCO 2R for 15 to 112 h, two cases experienced extracorporeal circuit obstruction. After 1 h of treatment, PaCO 2 decreased from (64.67±24.4) mmHg to (49.42±15.54) mmHg, pH increased from (7.28±0.20) to (7.38±0.11), FiO 2 decreased from (0.85±0.13) to (0.78±0.15), PC decreased from (19.42±4.34) cmH 2O to (17.75±4.00) cmH 2O. After 24 h of treatment, PaCO 2 decreased to (39.2±5.55) mmHg, pH increased to (7.41±0.04), FiO 2 decreased to (0.46±0.11), and PC decreased to (13.8±3.36) cmH 2O, and the differences were statistically significant compared with before treatment ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The combination of CRRT and ECCO 2R therapy can safely substitute for partial lung ventilation/perfusion function, and play a role in protecting right heart function and improving lung-kidney interaction. It can be considered as an option for extracorporeal respiratory, circulatory, and renal support, and consequently has broad prospects.