Potential of Alternative Sources for Electric Power Generation in the State of Paraná

Abstract The State of Paraná stands out in Brazil for its hydraulic potential for electricity generation. Furthermore, the State also shows potential for the use of other sources of energy, such as solar energy, biogas and biomass. The study traces the profile of electric energy consumption and compiles analysis of the alternative energy potentials of Paraná on the use of solar energy, the biomass of forest residues and agricultural crops, the generation of biogas through the residues of farmed animals and the urban solids residues. The work took account for the estimates, the logistical limitations for the biomass or biogas collection and the real availability of the wastes in terms of viability of exploration through distributed generation plants. The use of the business analytics software Tableau Desktop 2020.3.2® made possible the open data analysis at the municipal level. The paper provides realistic estimates about the feasibility of the use of alternative energy sources in the State of Paraná.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Oil Obtained from the Treatment of Poultry Abattoir Effluents and its Potential for Biodiesel Production

ABSTRACT Sludge oil derived from the effluent generated in poultry abattoirs offers a promising biomass for the production of biodiesel. In this work, determination was made of its physicochemical characteristics, including acidity, density at 20ºC, peroxide index, moisture content, and saponification index, together with evaluation of a route for its conversion to biodiesel.

Diagnóstico y propuesta conjunta de Colegio Médico de Chile y del Colegio de Ingenieros de Chile para desarrollar una política nacional de energía que favorezca la salud, el medio ambiente y la economía nacional / Joint diagnosis and proposal of the Colegio Médico de Chile and of the Colegio de Ingenieros de Chile for a National Energy Policy in favour of human and environmental health and of economic development

Los Colegios Profesionales de Ingenieros y de Médicos de Chile convinieron en presentar este documento con información y propuestas relativas a la prevención y control de las graves consecuencias – para la salud, el ambiente, la economía y la seguridad del país – del uso continuado de fuentes energéticas contaminantes en la industria, el transporte y la generación de electricidad. Desde el punto de vista de la salud, el Colegio Médico detalla cuales son los contaminantes atmosféricos procedentes de los combustibles fósiles y la leña; y revisa sus efectos agudos y crónicos en la mortalidad ymorbilidad respiratoria, cardiovascular y por cáncer, y señala el volumen del gasto consiguiente. Se refiere alcalentamiento de la tierra y a su impacto directo sobre las personas y sobre la salud a través de la alteraciónobservada en los vectores, en la agricultura y en los desastres “naturales”. Advierte acerca del riesgo que implicaría la introducción de la energía nuclear. Desde los puntos de vista tecnológico y económico, el Colegio de Ingenieros se refiere a los costos crecientes de los combustibles, al control del mercado por privados, a la falta de previsión de estos y a los costos sumergidos de atenciones médicas, del daño a las infraestructuras, de la reducción de la competitividad, de la dependencia de suministros externos y de la vulnerabilidad de los productores nacionales. Ambos Colegios exponen los requisitos que deberían cumplir las opciones energéticas –el primero, que no sean contaminantes– y la existencia de alternativas tecnológicas viables, ya presentes en el mundo: eólica, mareomotriz, de las corrientes marinas, solar, e hidrógeno. Se describe la situación actual de ellas. Se refieren también a otras fuentes no contaminantes con menor impacto y a medidas complementarias como el ahorro de energía y la forestación. Los Colegios dirigen al gobierno, con sentido de urgencia, una propuesta basada en las energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC) y en el d...

The Chilean Engineers’ Association and the Chilean Medical Association agreed to present this paper, containing information and proposals regarding prevention and control of the serious consequences – for health, the environment, the economy and national security – of the continued utilization of polluting energy sources in industry, transport and electricity generation. From the health standpoint, the Medical Association describes the atmospheric pollutants derived from fossil fuels and firewood; and it goes over their acute and chronic effects on respiratory, circulatory and cancer mortality and morbidity; the high resulting expenditure is indicated. The “greenhouse” effect is also referred to, with the direct impact of heat on persons and the indirect health damage through changes concerning vectors, agriculture and “natural” disasters. Attention is also drawn to the risks implied by the eventual introduction of nuclear energy. From the technological and economic viewpoint, the Engineers’ Association deals with the increasing price of fossil fuels, the control of the market by private agents, the lack of foresight of these agents in the case of natural gas imports and the submerged costs such as those of medical care requirements, infrastructure damage, reduction of competitive capabilities, dependence on foreign sources and the vulnerability of national enterprises. Both Associations indicate which are the required characteristics of energy sources – above all, that they should be non-polluting – and describe the viable technological alternatives: wind power, tides, marine currents, sunlight power, and hydrogen. Their present status is analyzed. A reference is made to other clean sources of lesser potential and to complementary measures such as energy saving and forestation. The Associations, with a sense of urgency, address their proposal to the government. This is based on the development of the non-conventional renewable sources of energy (ERNC)...