Controversy on the CONVINCE study findings: the PRO take / Controvérsia sobre os achados do estudo CONVINCE: a perspectiva PRO

ABSTRACT The CONVINCE study, recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, reveals a groundbreaking 23% reduction in the relative risk of all-cause mortality among end-stage kidney patients undergoing high convective volume hemodiafiltration. This significant finding challenges the conventional use of high-flux hemodialysis and offers hope for improving outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients. While some controversies surround the study's findings, including concerns about generalizability and the causes of death, it is essential to acknowledge the study's design and its main outcomes. The CONVINCE study, part of the HORIZON 2020 project, enrolled 1360 patients and demonstrated the superiority of hemodiafiltration in reducing all-cause mortality overall, as well as in specific patient subgroups (elderly, short vintage, non-diabetic, and those without cardiac issues). Interestingly, it was shown that hemodiafiltration had a protective effect against infection, including COVID-19. Future research will address sustainability, dose scaling effects, identification of subgroups especially likely to benefit and cost-effectiveness. However, for now, the findings strongly support a broader adoption of hemodiafiltration in renal replacement therapy, marking a significant advancement in the field.

RESUMO O estudo CONVINCE, publicado recentemente no New England Journal of Medicine, revela uma redução inovadora de 23% no risco relativo de mortalidade por todas as causas entre pacientes renais em estágio terminal submetidos à hemodiafiltração de alto volume de convecção. Esse achado significativo desafia o uso convencional da hemodiálise de alto fluxo e oferece esperança de melhoria dos desfechos em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Embora algumas controvérsias cerquem os achados do estudo, incluindo preocupações sobre a generalização e as causas de óbito, é essencial reconhecer o desenho do estudo e seus principais desfechos. O estudo CONVINCE, parte do projeto HORIZON 2020, inscreveu 1.360 pacientes e demonstrou a superioridade da hemodiafiltração na redução da mortalidade por todas as causas em geral, bem como em subgrupos específicos de pacientes (idosos, HD de curta duração, não diabéticos e aqueles sem problemas cardíacos). Curiosamente, demonstrou-se que a hemodiafiltração teve um efeito protetor contra infecções, incluindo a COVID-19. Pesquisas futuras abordarão sustentabilidade, efeitos de escalonamento da dose, identificação de subgrupos especialmente propensos a se beneficiar e a relação custo-benefício. No entanto, por ora, os achados apoiam fortemente uma adoção mais ampla da hemodiafiltração na terapia renal substitutiva, marcando um avanço significativo na área.

Case fatality rate among COVID-19 patients treated with acute kidney replacement therapy / Letalidade entre pacientes com injúria renal aguda por COVID-19 tratados com suporte renal artificial

Abstract Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe COVID-19 and is associated with high case fatality rate (CFR). However, there is scarcity of data referring to the CFR of AKI patients that underwent kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in Brazil. The main objective of this study was to describe the CFR of critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with acute kidney replacement therapy (AKRT). Methods: Retrospective descriptive cohort study. We included all patients treated with AKRT at an intensive care unit in a single tertiary hospital over a 15-month period. We excluded patients under the age of 18 years, patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance dialysis, and cases in which AKI preceded COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 100 out of 1479 (6.7%) hospitalized COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 74.5 years (IQR 64 - 82) and 59% were male. Hypertension (76%) and diabetes mellitus (56%) were common. At the first KRT prescription, 85% of the patients were on invasive mechanical ventilation and 71% were using vasoactive drugs. Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was the preferred KRT modality (82%). CFR was 93% and 81 out of 93 deaths (87%) occurred within the first 10 days of KRT onset. Conclusion: AKRT in hospitalized COVID-19 patients resulted in a CFR of 93%. Patients treated with AKRT were typically older, critically ill, and most died within 10 days of diagnosis. Better strategies to address this issue are urgently needed.

Resumo Introdução: Injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma complicação frequente da COVID-19 grave e está associada a alta taxa de letalidade (TL). Entretanto, há escassez de dados referentes à TL de pacientes com IRA submetidos a suporte renal artificial (SRA) no Brasil. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi descrever a TL de pacientes graves com IRA por COVID-19 tratados com SRA. Métodos: Estudo de coorte descritivo retrospectivo. Incluímos todos os pacientes tratados com SRA em unidade de terapia intensiva de um único hospital terciário por 15 meses. Excluímos pacientes menores de 18 anos, pacientes com doença renal crônica em diálise de manutenção e casos nos quais a IRA precedeu a infeção por COVID-19. Resultados: Incluímos neste estudo um total de 100 dos 1479 (6,7%) pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19. A mediana de idade foi 74,5 anos (IIQ 64 - 82) e 59% eram homens. Hipertensão (76%) e diabetes mellitus (56%) foram comuns. Na primeira prescrição de SRA, 85% dos pacientes estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva e 71% em uso de drogas vasoativas. A hemodiafiltração contínua foi a modalidade de SRA preferida (82%). A TL foi de 93% e 81 dos 93 óbitos (87%) ocorreram nos primeiros 10 dias do início da SRA. Conclusão: O SRA em pacientes hospi­talizados com IRA por COVID-19 resultou em TL de 93%. Os pacientes tratados com SRA eram geralmente idosos, gravemente enfermos e a maioria foi a óbito em até 10 dias após o diagnóstico. Estratégias melhores para abordar esse problema são urgentemente necessárias.

Isquemia de mão de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva: avaliação por termografia / Isquemia de mano de pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal: evaluación por termografía / Hand ischemia in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy: assessment by thermography

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a presença de isquemia na porção distal das mãos dos membros superiores com Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) através da termografia por infravermelho. Método Amostra composta por 15 pacientes em TRS por hemodiálise por meio de FAV que responderam um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores com as seguintes variáveis: dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, sinais vitais e dados sobre a FAV. Para obtenção dos termogramas das mãos com e sem FAV foi utilizado uma câmera termográfica por infravermelho C5, FLIR Systems, fixada a 50 cm das mãos dos participantes, privilegiando o enquadramento bilateral enquadrando ambas as mãos. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em planilha de Excel 2011® e comparados estatisticamente utilizando o programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para avaliar se existia diferença entre as médias de temperatura. Resultados Com relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, o gênero masculino foi o predominante, faixa etária com média de 45 anos, ensino fundamental (incompleto/completo), casados e provenientes de outros municípios. A termografia demonstrou que há diferença de temperatura entre as mãos com FAV e sem FAV, com variação na temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor para as mãos com FAV. Conclusão A análise da distribuição do sangue das mãos por meio da termografia pode fornecer evidências sobre a microcirculação periférica e orientar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento da isquemia induzida por FAV em indivíduos em TRS, como ferramenta inovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar das complicações dos acessos venosos de pacientes em hemodiálise.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la presencia de isquemia en la parte distal de las manos de los miembros superiores con fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) a través de la termografía infrarroja. Métodos Muestra compuesta por 15 pacientes en TRR por hemodiálisis mediante FAV que respondieron un cuestionario elaborado por los propios autores con las siguientes variables: datos sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, signos vitales y datos sobre la FAV. Para obtener los termogramas de las manos con y sin FAV, se utilizó una cámara termográfica infrarroja C5, FLIR Systems, ubicada a 50 cm de las manos de los participantes, favoreciendo el encuadramiento bilateral y encuadrando ambas manos. Los datos obtenidos se organizaron en una planilla de Excel 2011® y se compararon estadísticamente con el programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para evaluar si había diferencia entre los promedios de temperatura. Resultados Con relación a las variables sociodemográficas, el género masculino fue predominante, grupo de edad promedio de 45 años, educación primaria (incompleta/completa), casados y provenientes de otros municipios. La termografía demostró que hay diferencia de temperatura entre las manos con FAV y sin FAV, con una variación de temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor en las manos con FAV. Conclusión El análisis de la distribución de la sangre de las manos por medio de termografía puede ofrecer evidencias sobre la microcirculación periférica y guiar el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de la isquemia inducida por FAV en individuos en TRR, como una herramienta innovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar de las complicaciones de los accesos vasculares de pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Abstract Objective To assess the presence of ischemia in the distal portion of the hands of the upper limbs with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) using infrared thermography. Method The sample consisted of 15 patients on RRT via hemodialysis using an AVF who answered a questionnaire prepared by the authors themselves with sociodemographic data, diagnosis, vital signs and data on AVF. To obtain thermograms of hands with and without AVF, a C5 infrared thermographic camera, FLIR Systems, was used, fixed 50 cm from participants' hands, favoring bilateral framing of both hands. The data obtained were organized in an Excel 2011® spreadsheet and statistically compared using the Microcal Origin 6.0 program to assess whether there was a difference between temperature averages. Results Regarding sociodemographic variables, males were predominant, with a mean age of 45 years, (incomplete/complete) elementary school, married and from other municipalities. Thermography demonstrated that there is a difference in temperature between hands with AVF and without AVF, with a temperature variation of 1.78°C (± SD 1.99°C), lower for hands with AVF. Conclusion The analysis of hand blood distribution using thermography can provide evidence on peripheral microcirculation and guide the early diagnosis and treatment of AVF-induced ischemia in individuals undergoing RRT as an innovative auxiliary diagnostic tool for complications of venous access in hemodialysis patients.

Tratamiento de reemplazo enzimático en pacientes cubanos con enfermedad de Gaucher: experiencia de 15 años / Enzyme replacement treatment in Cuban patients with Gaucher disease: 15 years of experience

Introducción: La enfermedad de Gaucher es una entidad de acúmulo lisosomal, con un patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo, debido a la deficiencia de le enzima betaglucocerebrosidasa ácida. El gen está mapeado en el cromosoma 1q21 y se han descrito más de 500 mutaciones. Se caracteriza por presentar anemia, trombocitopenia, hepatoesplenomegalia, manifestaciones esqueléticas y, en ocasiones, compromiso neurológico. Entre los tratamientos se utiliza el reemplazo enzimático con imiglucerasa. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de imiglucerasa (Cerezyme®) en pacientes con enfermedad de Gaucher. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo para evaluar el comportamiento de las variables clínicas, hematológicas y ultrasonográficas de ocho pacientes cubanos con enfermedad de Gaucher tras recibir el tratamiento sustitutivo enzimático. Se evaluaron al año, cinco y de diez a quince años de tratamiento. Resultados: Al inicio, todos los pacientes presentaron anemia y la mayoría tuvieron trombocitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia al diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Los pacientes con manifestaciones neurológicas y la mutación L444P en estado homocigótico se clasificaron en EG tipo 3, el resto en tipo1. En todos los pacientes se constató aumento de las cifras de hemoglobina, la elevación del número de plaquetas y reducción de la hepatoesplenomegalia posterior al año de tratamiento. Los pacientes con tipo 3 mantuvieron la afectación neurológica. No se reportaron reacciones adversas al medicamento. Conclusiones: La terapia de reemplazo enzimática con imiglucerasa (Cerezyme®) es un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes con esta enfermedad, lo cual influye de forma positiva en la calidad de vida, obteniéndose mejores resultados con su comienzo en edad pediátrica.

Introduction: Gaucher disease is an entity of lysosomal accumulation, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, due to the deficiency of the acid betaglucocerebrosidase enzyme. The gene is mapped on chromosome 1q21 and more than 500 mutations have been described. It is characterized by anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal manifestations and sometimes neurological involvement. Among the treatments, enzyme replacement with imiglucerase is used. Objective: To evaluate the results of the application of imiglucerase in patients with Gaucher disease. Methods: A longitudinal, descriptive study to evaluate the behavior of the clinical, hematological and ultrasonographic variables of eight Cuban patients with Gaucher disease after receiving enzyme replacement treatment was carried out. They were evaluated after one, five and ten to fifteen years of treatment. Results: At debut, all patients presented anemia, and the majority showed thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis of the disease. Patients with neurological manifestations and the L444P mutation in a homozygous state were classified as type 3 GD, the rest as type 1. In all patients, an increase in hemoglobin levels, an increase in the number of platelets and a reduction in hepatosplenomegaly was observed after one year of treatment. Patients with type 3 maintain neurological involvement. No adverse reactions to the medication were reported. Conclusions: Enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase (Cerezyme®) is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of patients with this disease, which positively influences quality of life, obtaining better results with its onset in pediatric age.

Awareness of stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Renal dysfunction is an important risk factor for stroke. Brazilian studies on stroke knowledge are generally population based. Studies stratifying stroke knowledge according to comorbidities are rare. Scientific data are essential to guide the awareness of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess stroke knowledge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study of patients with CKD on hemodialysis in north-eastern Brazil. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey on stroke awareness was administered to patients with CKD on hemodialysis between April and November 2022. The chi-square test and other descriptive statistics were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were included in the analysis. The Brazilian acronym for stroke was used by 53.5% of the participants. Less than 10.0% of the sample showed optimal decision-making ability regarding stroke. Of the participants, 29.9% knew at least one risk factor and one symptom; however, this was considered as having below the minimum capacity because they did not know the emergency service call number. In the analysis adjusted for income and education, females (odds ratio [OR], 0.40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.82), older patients (OR, 0.24%; 95% CI, 0.09-0.63) and having at most one comorbidity (OR, 0.48%; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98) were factors for lower levels of knowledge or ideal decision-making capacity against stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on hemodialysis, especially women and older people, have little knowledge about stroke.

Clinical efficacy of double plasma molecular absorption system and sequential plasma exchange combined with continuous renal replacement therapy in treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure with acute kidney injury / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system （DPMAS） and sequential plasma exchange （PE） combined with continuous renal replacement therapy （CRRT） in the treatment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） and acute kidney injury （AKI）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 90 patients with ACLF and AKI who were hospitalized in The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022， and according to the method for blood purification， they were divided into DPMAS sequential PE+CRRT group （observation group with 31 patients） and DPMAS sequential PE group （control group with 59 patients）. General data on admission and laboratory markers before and after blood purification were collected from all patients， including hepatic and renal function， coagulation function， and inflammation markers， and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） and MELD combined with serum sodium concentration （MELD-Na） score were calculated. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data within each group before and after treatment， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsThe observation group had a significantly higher response rate than the control group ［48.4% （15/31） vs 27.1% （16/59）， χ2=4.071， P=0.044］. The methods for blood purification in both groups could effectively improve total bilirubin， alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， prothrombin time activity， serum creatinine （Scr）， procalcitonin （PCT）， C-reactive protein， eGFR， and MELD-Na score （all P<0.05）， and both groups had significant reductions in platelet count （PLT） and hemoglobin （Hb） after treatment （all P<0.05）， while there were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen， albumin， and international normalized ratio after treatment （all P>0.05）. There were significant differences between the two groups in the changes in AST， Scr， PCT， eGFR， MELD-Na score， Hb， and PLT after treatment （all P<0.05）. ConclusionDPMAS sequential PE combined with CRRT can effectively remove inflammatory mediators， improve renal function， stabilize the internal environment of human body， and achieve a relatively good clinical efficacy.

Clinical management strategies for recipients with renal graft loss / 器官移植

With the maturity of kidney transplantation, introduction of new immunosuppressive drugs and improvement of immunosuppressive regimen, the short-term survival rate of kidney transplant recipients has been significantly improved, whereas the long-term survival rate has not been significantly elevated. Kidney transplant recipients may have the risk of renal graft loss. Clinical management after renal graft loss is complicated, including the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs, management of renal graft and selection of subsequent renal replacement therapy. These management procedures directly affect clinical prognosis of patients with renal graft loss. Nevertheless, relevant guidelines or consensuses are still lacking. Clinical management of patients after renal graft loss highly depend upon clinicians’ experience. In this article, the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs, management of renal graft and selection of subsequent renal replacement therapy were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for prolonging the survival and improving the quality of life of these patients.

Accuracy of the persistent AKI risk index in predicting acute kidney injury in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure / Acurácia do persistent AKI risk index na predição de injúria renal aguda em pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva por insuficiência respiratória aguda

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the persistent AKI risk index (PARI) in predicting acute kidney injury within 72 hours after admission to the intensive care unit, persistent acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and death within 7 days in patients hospitalized due to acute respiratory failure. Methods: This study was done in a cohort of diagnoses of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit of eight hospitals in Curitiba, Brazil, between March and September 2020 due to acute respiratory failure secondary to suspected COVID-19. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed or refuted by RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The ability of PARI to predict acute kidney injury at 72 hours, persistent acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and death within 7 days was analyzed by ROC curves in comparison to delta creatinine, SOFA, and APACHE II. Results: Of the 1,001 patients in the cohort, 538 were included in the analysis. The mean age was 62 ± 17 years, 54.8% were men, and the median APACHE II score was 12. At admission, the median SOFA score was 3, and 83.3% had no renal dysfunction. After admission to the intensive care unit, 17.1% had acute kidney injury within 72 hours, and through 7 days, 19.5% had persistent acute kidney injury, 5% underwent renal replacement therapy, and 17.1% died. The PARI had an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 (0.696 - 0.807) for the prediction of acute kidney injury at 72 hours, 0.71 (0.613 - 0.807) for renal replacement therapy, and 0.64 (0.565 - 0.710) for death. Conclusion: The PARI has acceptable accuracy in predicting acute kidney injury within 72 hours and renal replacement therapy within 7 days of admission to the intensive care unit, but it is not significantly better than the other scores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia do persistent AKI risk index (PARI) na predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas após a admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, injúria renal aguda persistente, terapia de substituição renal e óbito, em até 7 dias em pacientes internados por insuficiência respiratória aguda. Métodos: Estudo de método-diagnóstico com base em coorte de inclusão consecutiva de pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva de oito hospitais de Curitiba (PR) entre março e setembro de 2020, por insuficiência respiratória aguda secundária à suspeita de COVID-19, com confirmação ou refutação diagnóstica dada pelo resultado de RT-PCR para detecção do SARS-CoV-2. O potencial preditor do PARI foi analisado por curva ROC em relação a delta creatinina, SOFA e APACHE II, para os desfechos injúria renal aguda em 72 horas; injúria renal aguda persistente; terapia de substituição renal e mortalidade em até 7 dias. Resultados: Dos 1.001 pacientes da coorte, 538 foram incluídos na análise. A média de idade foi de 62 ± 17 anos, 54,8% eram homens e o APACHE II mediano foi de 12. Na admissão, o SOFA mediano era 3, e 83,3% não apresentavam disfunção renal. Após admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, 17,1% apresentaram injúria renal aguda em 72 horas e, até o sétimo dia, 19,5% apresentaram injúria renal aguda persistente, 5% realizaram terapia de substituição renal, e 17,1% foram a óbito. O PARI apresentou área sob a curva ROC de 0,75 (0,696 - 0,807) para predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas, 0,71 (0,613 - 0,807) para terapia de substituição renal e 0,64 (0,565 - 0,710) para mortalidade. Conclusão: O PARI tem acurácia aceitável na predição de injúria renal aguda em 72 horas e terapia de substituição renal em até 7 dias da admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, porém sem diferença significativa dos demais escores.

Preemptive kidney transplantation: why, when, and how? / Transplante renal preemptivo: por que, quando e como?

ABSTRACT Among renal replacement therapies, preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) presents the best clinical, social, and economic results. However, it is still infrequently chosen as first therapy for patients with irreversible kidney failure. Initiatives in different parts of the world were developed to identify the reasons why PKT is still not widely used and to facilitate the access of patients with end-stage kidney disease to the advantages associated with it. This article addresses the main advantages and difficulties of PKT and discusses when it should be indicated and how to prepare potential recipients for PKT.

Resumo Entre as terapias renais substitutivas, o transplante renal preemptivo (TRP) apresenta os melhores resultados clínicos, sociais e econômicos. No entanto, ainda é raramente escolhido como primeira terapia para pacientes com falência renal irreversível. Foram desenvolvidas iniciativas em diferentes partes do mundo para identificar as razões pelas quais o TRP ainda não é amplamente utilizado e para facilitar o acesso de pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal às vantagens associadas ao mesmo. Este artigo aborda as principais vantagens e dificuldades do TRP e discute quando ele deve ser indicado e como preparar potenciais receptores para o TRP.

Frailty syndrome and end-stage kidney disease outcomes at a Latin American dialysis center

Introduction. Frailty syndrome generates a high risk of adverse outcomes and mortality, and its prevalence is elevated in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Few studies have reported the prevalence and outcomes of frailty in populations from less developed countries. Objective. To identify the clinical outcomes and factors associated with the frailty syndrome in patients with stage five chronic kidney disease who started renal replacement therapy - both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis- in a dialysis center in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and methods. This was a prospective study of patients with end-stage kidney disease who initiated dialysis at a center in Colombia and had a twelve-month follow-up. Results. The overall frailty prevalence was 50.47% and two out of three patients older than 65 years had the syndrome. We found significantly higher followup mortality among patients with frailty: odds ratio of 2.95 (CI: 1.07- 8.13; p=0.036) in unadjusted analysis. Conclusions. Literature shows that compared to developed nations, Latin American adults are facing a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, and frailty syndrome is increasing. In this study, according to the FRAIL scale, having a frailty syndrome predicts a higher mortality; hypoalbuminemia and low creatinine levels at the beginning of dialysis could act as predictors of its diagnosis.

Introducción. El síndrome de fragilidad implica un alto riesgo de desenlaces adversos y mortalidad, y tiene una prevalencia elevada en pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. Hay pocos estudios que investiguen la prevalencia y los desenlaces de este síndrome de fragilidad en las poblaciones de los países en desarrollo. Objetivo. Identificar los desenlaces clínicos y los factores asociados al síndrome de fragilidad en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio cinco que inician terapia de reemplazo renal -con hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal- en un centro de diálisis de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio prospectivo de pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal que iniciaron diálisis en un centro de Colombia y a quienes se les hizo seguimiento durante doce meses. Resultados. La prevalencia global del síndrome de fragilidad fue del 50,47 % y dos de cada tres pacientes mayores de 65 años lo presentaban. Se encontró una mortalidad significativamente mayor entre los pacientes con síndrome de fragilidad: razón de probabilidad de 2,95 (IC:1,07-8,13; p=0,036) en el análisis no ajustado. Conclusiones. La literatura muestra que, en comparación con los países desarrollados, los adultos latinoamericanos presentan una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y un aumento progresivo del síndrome de fragilidad. En este estudio, la fragilidad -según la escala FRAIL- predijo una mayor mortalidad. Además, la hipoalbuminemia y los niveles bajos de creatinina al inicio de la diálisis podrían actuar como elementos predictores de su diagnóstico.

Association Between Hormone Therapy and Weight Gain in the Menopause Transition and After Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess whether hormone therapy (HT) increases weight in women in the menopausal transition and after menopause. Method: this article proposes an update to the systematic review published in 2005 by the Cochrane Library (Kongnyuy EJ et al 2005) with reference to studies assessing weight changes in women receiving HT from 1986 to 2005. Following PRISMA recommendations, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ) from May 2005 onwards from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Two authors independently assessed the risk of biases in the selected studies. Results: ten RCTs were included, totaling 2,588 HT users and 764 non-users. Different regimens, dosages, and routes of administration in HT users were analyzed and compared to non-users. The results did not show statistically significant differences for most of the HT regimens evaluated. There was significant weight gain only in patients using EEC alone at dosages of 0.45 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day when compared to placebo (p 0.01); as well as in patients receiving esto-progestative combinations of 0.5 mg/day 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/day progesterone, with a 0.7 kg weight increase (p 0.032). On the other hand, the combinations of 1 mg/day estradiol valerate + 3 mg/day drospirenone showed a -1.0 kg reduction (p = 0.04), whereas a -0.2 kg reduction (p = 0.001) was identified in patients using 1 mg /day estradiol (E) + 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA). Tibolone therapy showed no statistically significant changes in weight. After performing a meta-analysis, the comparative results between users and non-users showed that there was a slight weight increase (+0.279 kg ; CI -1.71 to 2.27) in patients using 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) + 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). As for the patients receiving 2.5 mg/day Tibolone, weight gain (+0.670 kg; CI from -1.14 to 2.48) was also observed in them. However, these increases were not significant when compared to non-HT users. Conclusions: most regimens studied showed that patients using HT in the menopausal transition and after menopause did not show significant weight gain. The only combination that showed weight gain was 0.5 mg/day 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/day progesterone observed, while there was weight reduction in patients using 1 mg/day estradiol valerate + 3 mg/day drospirenone and 1 mg/day estradiol (E) + norethisterone acetate.

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise para avaliar se a terapia hormonal (TH) aumenta o peso em mulheres na transição menopausal e após a menopausa. Métodos: este artigo propõe uma atualização da revisão sistemática publicada em 2005 pela Cochrane Library (Kongnyuy EJ et al., 2005) com referência a estudos avaliando mudanças de peso em mulheres recebendo TH de 1986 a 2005. Seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA, incluímos ensaios clínicos randomizados (RCTs) de maio de 2005 em diante do Medline, Embase e dos bancos de dados Cochrane CENTRAL. Diferenças médias padronizadas (SMD) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC) foram calculados. Dois autores avaliaram independentemente o risco de vieses nos estudos selecionados. Resultados: foram incluídos dez ECRs, totalizando 2.588 usuários de HT e 764 não usuários. Diferentes esquemas, dosagens e vias de administração em usuários de HT foram analisados e comparados a não usuários. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a maioria dos esquemas de TH avaliados. Houve ganho de peso significativo apenas nos pacientes que usaram apenas EEC nas doses de 0,45 mg/dia e 0,3 mg/dia quando comparados ao placebo (p 0,01); assim como em pacientes recebendo combinações estoprogestativas de 0,5 mg/dia de 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/dia de progesterona, com aumento de peso de 0,7 kg (p 0,032). Por outro lado, as combinações de 1 mg/dia de valerato de estradiol + 3 mg/dia de drospirenona apresentaram redução de -1,0 kg (p = 0,04), enquanto foi identificada redução de -0,2 kg (p = 0,001) nas pacientes que usaram 1 mg /dia estradiol (E) + 0,5 mg de acetato de noretisterona (NETA). A terapia com tibolona não mostrou alterações estatisticamente significativas no peso. Após realizar uma meta-análise, os resultados comparativos entre usuárias e não usuárias mostraram que houve um leve aumento de peso (+0,279 kg ; IC -1,71 a 2,27) em pacientes em uso de 0,625 mg/dia de estrogênio equino conjugado (CEE) + 2,5 mg/dia de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA). Quanto aos pacientes que receberam Tibolona 2,5 mg/dia, também foi observado ganho de peso (+0,670 kg; IC de -1,14 a 2,48). No entanto, esses aumentos não foram significativos quando comparados aos não usuários de HT. Conclusões: a maioria dos esquemas estudados mostrou que as pacientes em uso de TH na transição menopausal e após a menopausa não apresentaram ganho de peso significativo. A única combinação que apresentou ganho de peso foi 0,5 mg/dia de 17-beta-estradiol (E2) + 100 mg/dia de progesterona, enquanto houve redução de peso nas pacientes que usaram 1 mg/dia de valerato de estradiol + 3 mg/dia de drospirenona e 1 mg/dia estradiol (E) + acetato de noretisterona.

Clinical-epidemiological characterization of patients submitted to hemodialysis according to the national kidney foundation, the kidney disease outcomes quality initiative ­ KDOQI in a hemodialysis reference center in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil

Introduction: hemodialysis is a treatment that helps in the survival of patients with renal failure, through an established cardiopulmonary bypass to carry out blood filtration, as a result, there is a need for a feasible, lasting and effective vascular access. There are two types of vascular access, arteriovenous fistulas, using autogenous veins or prostheses, and venous catheters. The indications for choosing the type of vascular access are related to the characteristics and restriction of use of each patient.Objective: to analyze the epidemiological, demographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis in two reference services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, and compare the clinical-surgical processes with those defined by the Kidney Guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI).Methods: data were collected in two public hospitals, with patients undergoing hemodialysis, through registration forms and medical records, from August to December 2016. The volunteers were informed about the procedures and objectives of the study and, after agreeing, they signed a consent form. The variables age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, hemodialysis time, types of accesses already used , complications related to the accesses and underlying disease were analyzed. Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis of both genders, with no age restriction, were included. Patients not able to perform one of the techniques, arteriovenous fistula or catheter, were excluded . The collected data were compared with the Kidney guidelines disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI).Results: a total of 252 individuals were included, of which 182 are patients undergoing reference hospital treatment in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, SP and 70 patients at the State University Hospital Mário Covas, a State reference in the clinical management of patients undergoing hemodialysis care.Conclusion: chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent with progression to end-stage chronic kidney failure (dialysis). The definition of the epidemiological profile of the population undergoing treatment, as well as the journey of venous accesses for hemodialysis (catheters and fistulas), are fundamental for the multidisciplinary team's learning curve about complications throughout the course of the disease/treatment. Furthermore, the clinical-surgical management of this population is in line with the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation. The treatment performed in these hemodialysis centers is efficient and in line with what the KDOQI recommends.

One-year impact of COVID-19 pandemic on renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation in a tertiary center in Southern Brazil / Impacto de um ano da Pandemia COVID 19 na terapia renal substitutiva e no transplante renal em centro terciário no Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.

Características del síndrome urémico hemolítico en pacientes de un hospital pediátrico de Perú, 2010-2020 / Characteristics of hemolytic uremic syndrome in patients from a pediatric hospital in Peru, 2010-2020

RESUMEN El propósito del presente estudio fue describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, laboratoriales, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con SUH hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (INSN-B) de Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron a 83 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 22 meses. El 71,1% (n=59) registró uso previo de antibióticos. El 86,8% (n=72) tuvieron oligoanuria y el 74,6% (n=62) diarrea. Cinco cultivos fueron positivos (dos Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica). Cuarenta y nueve (59%) requirieron terapia de reemplazo renal. Ningún paciente falleció durante la hospitalización. Al año del seguimiento, siete pacientes presentaron nefropatía pos-SUH. En conclusión, en el INSN-B, la mediana de edad fue similar que años anteriores y hubo una mayor frecuencia de oligoanuria y terapia de reemplazo renal en comparación con reportes previos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the clinical-epidemiological, laboratory, treatment, and follow-up characteristics of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The medical records of patients with HUS hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (INSN-B) (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. We evaluated 83 patients. The median age was 22 months (interquartile range: 14 to 30 months). Of the sample, 71.1% (59) registered previous use of antibiotics. Seventy-two (86.8%) had oligoanuria and 62 (74.6%) had diarrhea. Five cultures were positive (two enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli). Forty-nine (59%) required renal replacement therapy. No patient died during hospitalization. At one year of follow-up, seven patients developed post-HUS nephropathy. In conclusion, in INSN-B, the median age was like previous years and there was a higher frequency of oligoanuria, and renal replacement therapy compared to previous reports.

Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Pompe / Treatment of Pompe Disease

Introducción: La enfermedad de Pompe es un trastorno de origen genético causado por la deficiencia de la enzima alfa-glucosidasa ácida, que se caracteriza por el acumulo anormal de glucógeno en los músculos y otros tejidos, generando una debilidad muscular progresiva, la cual debe ser diagnosticada y tratada de forma oportuna, ya que de esto dependerá el pronóstico, la sobrevida y la funcionalidad de los pacientes con esta condición. Contenidos: El abordaje multidisciplinario incluye tanto una adecuada valoración y soporte nutricional como el inicio del tratamiento modificador de enfermedad a través de la terapia de reemplazo enzimático, que a su vez dependerá de la forma de presentación, la variante genética, el perfil inicial del paciente, las condiciones especiales que puedan existir y las metas propias para cada paciente. Para garantizar un manejo adecuado, se deben realizar estudios de seguimiento con parámetros objetivos, evaluar posibles eventos secundarios e instaurar su manejo en caso de presentarlos. Conclusiones: El pronóstico de esta enfermedad dependerá del inicio oportuno del tratamiento, la implementación de pautas nutricionales adecuadas y el establecimiento del seguimiento de los parámetros clínicos y paraclínicos para cada uno de los pacientes.

Introduction: Pompe disease is a disorder of genetic origin caused by the deficiency of the acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme, which is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of glycogen in the muscles and other tissues, generating progressive muscle weakness, which must be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, since the prognosis, survival, and functionality of patients with this condition will depend on this. Contents: The multidisciplinary approach includes both an adequate evaluation and nutritional support as well as the initiation of disease-modifying treatment through enzyme replacement therapy, which in turn will depend on the form of presentation, the genetic variant, the initial profile of the patient, the special conditions that may exist and the specific goals for each patient. To guarantee adequate management, follow-up studies must be carried out with objective parameters, evaluate possible secondary events and establish their management in case of presenting them. Conclusions: The prognosis of this disease will depend on the timely initiation of treatment, the implementation of adequate nutritional guidelines and the establishment of monitoring of clinical and paraclinical parameters for each of the patients.

Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients, afecting almost one in four critically ill children and one in three neonates. Higher stages of AKI portend worse outcomes. Identifying AKI timely and instituting appropriate measures to prevent and manage severe AKI is important, since it is independently associated with mortality. Methods to predict severe AKI should be applied to all critically ill patients. Assessment of volume status to prevent the development of fuid overload is useful to prevent adverse outcomes. Patients with metabolic or clinical complications of AKI need prompt kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Various modes of KRT are available, and the choice of modality depends most on the technical competence of the center, patient size, and hemodynamic stability. Given the signifcant risk of chronic kidney disease, patients with AKI require long-term follow-up. It is important to focus on improving awareness about AKI, incorporate AKI prevention as a quality initiative, and improve detection, prevention, and management of AKI with the aim of reducing acute and long-term morbidity and mortality

One-year mortality of hematopoietic stem cell recipients admitted to an intensive care unit in a dedicated Brazilian cancer center: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission early after transplantation have a poor prognosis. However, many studies have only focused on allogeneic HSCT recipients. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU shortly after transplantation and assess differences in 1-year mortality between autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients. DESIGN AND SETTING: A single-center retrospective cohort study in a cancer center in Brazil. METHODS: We included all consecutive patients who underwent HSCT less than a year before ICU admission between 2009 and 2018. We collected clinical and demographic data and assessed the 1-year mortality of all patients. The effect of allogeneic HSCT compared with autologous HSCT on 1-year mortality risk was evaluated in an unadjusted model and an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model for age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) at admission. RESULTS: Of the 942 patients who underwent HSCT during the study period, 83 (8.8%) were included in the study (autologous HSCT = 57 [68.7%], allogeneic HSCT = 26 [31.3%]). At 1 year after ICU admission, 21 (36.8%) and 18 (69.2%) patients who underwent autologous and allogeneic HSCT, respectively, had died. Allogeneic HSCT was associated with increased 1-year mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio, HR = 2.79 [confidence interval, CI, 95%, 1.48-5.26]; adjusted HR = 2.62 [CI 95%, 1.29-5.31]). CONCLUSION: Allogeneic HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU had higher short- and long-term mortality rates than autologous HSCT recipients, even after adjusting for age and severity at ICU admission.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the EPOCH-RRT questionnaire "Empowering Patients On Choices For Renal Replacement Therapy" for the Brazilian context / Tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do questionário EPOCH-RRT "Empowering Patients On Choices For Renal Replacement Therapy" para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. In Brazil, the incidence and prevalence rates of dialysis CKD progressively increase, but the transition process is a challenge for patients and caregivers in coping with the disease. Dialysis urgency, lack of planned access or prior knowledge of treatment is a reality for most. Guidelines recommend that treatment options should include the conscious preference of a fully informed patient. However, pre-dialysis educational information is an exception, leading to a large number of unplanned initial dialysis. The original study "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) aimed to identify patient priorities and gaps in shared decision-making about dialysis, using structured interviews with questions about demographics, clinical history and patients' perception of their health. The goal of this study was to carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaires used in the EPOCH-RRT Study for the Brazilian context. Method: This is a methodological study that consisted of the initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, review by a committee of experts, pre-test and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. All ethical precepts were followed. Results: The questionnaires were translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context. Additionally, it was applied to 84 chronic renal patients on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and outpatients. Discussion: There is a lack of an educational-therapeutic approach aimed at patients with CKD, and the EPOCH-RRT questionnaire can be a tool for Brazilian dialysis services to change this paradigm.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, as taxas de incidência e prevalência da DRC dialítica aumentam progressivamente, mas o processo de transição apresenta-se como desafio para pacientes e cuidadores no enfrentamento da doença. Urgência dialítica, ausência de acesso planejado ou conhecimento prévio do tratamento é uma realidade para a maioria. Diretrizes recomendam que opções de tratamento devam incluir a preferência consciente de um paciente totalmente informado. No entanto, informação educacional pré-diálise é exceção, acarretando grande número de diálises iniciais não planejadas. O estudo original "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) teve por objetivo identificar as prioridades do paciente e as lacunas na tomada de decisões compartilhadas sobre a diálise, utilizando entrevistas estruturadas, com questões sobre dados demográficos, história clínica e percepção dos pacientes sobre sua saúde. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação dos questionários utilizados no Estudo EPOCH-RRT para o contexto brasileiro. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico que consistiu na tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retro tradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Todos os preceitos éticos foram seguidos. Resultados: Os questionários foram traduzidos, adaptados e validados para o contexto brasileiro. Adicionalmente, foi aplicado em 84 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal e ambulatoriais. Discussão: Há carência de enfoque educativo-terapêutico dirigido aos pacientes com DRC, e o questionário EPOCH-RRT pode ser uma ferramenta para serviços de diálise brasileiros mudarem esse paradigma.

Infectious and mechanical complications in planned-start vs. urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: a cohort study / Complicações infecciosas e mecânicas relacionadas à diálise peritoneal de início planejado vs. não planejado: um estudo de coorte

Abstract Background: Few studies have compared the infectious and mechanical complications seen in planned-start and urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Objectives: To compare the incidence and etiology of mechanical and infectious complications in patients offered planned- and urgent-start PD and assess potential differences in patient survival and time on PD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with chronic kidney disease on planned- and urgent-start PD seen from 2014 to 2020 and compared them for mechanical and infectious complications, clinical outcome, death rates, and need to switch to hemodialysis. Results: Ninety-nine patients on planned-start PD and 206 on urgent-start PD were included. Incidence of exit-site infection (18.9 vs. 17.17%, p=0.71) and peritonitis (24.27 vs. 27.27%, p=0.57) were similar between patients, while pathogens causing peritonitis were different, although non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were more commonly seen in the planned-start PD group. Leakage as a mechanical complication and hospitalization were more common among patients needing urgent-start PD (10.68 vs. 2.02%, p=0.0085 and 35.44 vs. 17.17%, p=0.0011, respectively). Patient survival was similar between groups. Cox regression found an association between death and age (HR=1.051, 95% CI 1.026-1.07, p=0.0001) and albumin (HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.501-0.893, p=0.0064), and between peritonitis and a diagnosis of diabetes (HR=2.016, 95% CI 1.25-3.25, p=0.004). Conclusion: Patient survival and time on PD were similar between the planned- and urgent-start PD groups, while leakage was more frequently seen in the urgent-start PD group. Death was associated with lower albumin levels and older age, while peritonitis was associated with diabetes.

Resumo Antecedentes: Poucos estudos compararam as complicações infecciosas e mecânicas relacionadas à diálise peritoneal (DP) de início planejado e não planejado. Objetivos: Comparar a incidência e etiologia das complicações mecânicas e infecciosas associadas à DP tanto de início planejado quanto não planejado e avaliar comparativamente a sobrevida da técnica e dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que avaliou pacientes com doença renal crônica em DP não planejada e planejada de 2014 a 2020 quanto às complicações mecânicas e infecciosas e desfechos clínicos óbito ou mudança para hemodiálise. Resultados: Foram avaliados 99 pacientes em DP planejada e 206 em DP não planejada. Foram semelhantes quanto à incidência de Infecção do Orifício de Saída (18,9x17,17%, p=0,71), peritonite (24,27x27,27%, p=0,57) e diferentes quanto aos agentes etiológicos das peritonites, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores mais frequentes no grupo planejado. Diferiram quanto à complicação mecânica extravasamento e internação, ambas mais frequentes no grupo não planejado (10,68 x 2,02%, p=0,0085 e 35,44 x 17,17%, p=0,0011, respectivamente). Semelhantes quanto à sobrevida dos pacientes e da técnica. À regressão de Cox, associou ao óbito a idade (HR=1,051, IC 95% 1,026-1,07, p=0,0001) e a albumina (HR=0,66, IC 95% 0,501-0,893, p=0,0064), e à peritonite a presença de diabetes (HR=2,016, IC 95% 1,25-3,25, p=0,004). Conclusão: A sobrevida da técnica e dos pacientes foi semelhante nos grupos DP planejada e não planejada, enquanto o extravasamento foi mais frequente no grupo de início não planejado. Associaram-se ao óbito menores valores de albumina e maior idade, e à peritonite, o diabetes.