Clinical study on Xiefei Tongfu Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy for the patients with pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after brain trauma and syndrome of phlegm-heat and bowel-repletion / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the effects of Xiefei Tongfu Decoction on syndrome of phlegm-heat and bowel-repletion in patients with pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after brain trauma.Methods:A total of 90 patients with pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after traumatic brain injury received treatment in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2021 were selected and randomly divided into control group ( n=45) and study group ( n=45) by the random digital table method. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, and the study group was treated with Xiefei Tongfu decoction and conventional western medicine. The TCM syndrome scores, inflammatory factor levels, like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), white blood cell count (WBC), and lung function indexes, like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume rate in the first second (FEV1), expiratory volume percentage in forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical effect and adverse events of the two groups were compared. Results:The total effective rate was 91.11% (41/45) in the study group and 73.33% (33/45) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.97, P=0.027). After treatment, the scores of dizziness, headache, forgetfulness, insomnia and total scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 9.65, 9.81, 8.62, 9.11, 9.34, all Ps<0.01). After treatment, CRP [(95.66±11.67) mg/L vs. (107.82±12.99) mg/L, t=4.67], IL-6 [(25.16±6.46) ng/L vs. (33.45±7.33) ng/L, t=5.69], WBC [(9.35±2.02)×10 9/L vs. (13.12±2.18)×10 9/L, t=8.51] in the control group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the FEV1 [(2.34±0.31) L vs. (1.92±0.33) L, t=6.22], FVC [(3.45±0.46) L vs. (2.96±0.37) L, t=5.57], FEV1/FVC [(68.82±8.64)% vs. (64.86±9.56)%, t=2.18] in the control group significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and no serious adverse events occurred in any groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.39, P=0.238). Conclusion:The Xiefei Tongfu Decoction has a significant effect on patients with pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection after brain trauma, which can improve symptoms, relieve inflammatory response and enhance lung function with safety.

Corrosion casting, a known technique for the study and teaching of vascular and duct structure in anatomy / Inyección corrosión, una técnica conocida para el estudio y enseñanza de ductos y estructuras vasculares en anatomía

Teaching and learning anatomy, as a process, has changed. Fresh cadavers were once used as a tool for the student to approach the human body in order to overcome theoretical knowledge and gain applied expertise. Today, techniques such as corrosion casting are known to be a more effective way of achieving optimal results with the students. This paper examines a method to apply this technique to an organ using different polymers. The concentrations for acrylic, epoxy resin, polyester resin, and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone are described, as well as the corresponding diameter of the duct to be injected with each one. A variety of specimens obtained using this technique, their qualities and characteristics are presented. The results of using these procedures while involving the students, showed increased sense of responsibility, dedication and awareness, which led them to take the class more seriously and enjoy the process of learning. Additionally, the specimens left by the students will help future classes reduce the number of specimens needed.

El proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza en anatomía ha cambiado recientemente, el cadáver fue la primera herramienta que permitía al estudiante una aproximación practica al cuerpo humano, facilitando que este se sobrepusiera al conocimiento teórico adquirido en el aula, y desarrollara experticia aplicada. Hoy en día, técnicas como la inyección corrosión son conocidas por lograr mejores resultados con los estudiantes. Este trabajo presenta un método para aplicar esta técnica a un órgano, mediante el uso de diferentes polímeros. Las concentraciones adecuadas de acrílico, resina epoxica, resina poliéster, y silicona RTV (room temperature vulcanization) son descritas, así como el diámetro sugerido para el uso de cada polímero. Se presenta una variedad de especímenes obtenidos mediante esta técnica, así como sus cualidades y características. Al integrar a los estudiantes en el proceso de creación de los especímenes, estos demuestran mayor sentido de responsabilidad, dedicación y autoconciencia, generando mayor compromiso, y entusiasmo con la clase y el proceso de aprendizaje. Adicionalmente, los especímenes producidos por ellos, serán de gran utilidad para clases a futuro.

Influence of bladder fullness on the detection of urinary tract obstruction by dynamic renal scintigraphy / Influência da repleção vesical na pesquisa de obstrução do trato urinário utilizando cintilografia renal dinâmica

Abstract Objective: To investigate the influence of bladder fullness on the diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction during dynamic renal scintigraphy with a diuretic stimulator. Materials and methods: We studied 82 kidneys in 82 patients submitted to dynamic renal scintigraphy with a diuretic stimulator. We compared the proportional elimination of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA from the kidneys before and after bladder emptying in post-diuretic images, classifying each image as representing an obstructed, indeterminate, or unobstructed kidney. Results: The overall elimination of 99mTc-DTPA from the kidneys was 10.4% greater after bladder emptying than before. When the analysis was performed with a full bladder, we classified 40 kidneys as obstructed, 16 as indeterminate, and 26 as unobstructed. When the 40 kidneys classified as obstructed were analyzed after voiding, 11 were reclassified as indeterminate and 3 were reclassified as unobstructed. Of the 16 kidneys classified as indeterminate on the full-bladder images, 13 were reclassified as unobstructed after voiding. Conclusion: In dynamic renal scintigraphy with a diuretic stimulator, it is important to obtain images after voiding, in order to perform a reliable analysis of the proportional excretion of 99mTc-DTPA from the kidneys, avoiding possible false-positive results for urinary tract obstruction.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a influência da repleção vesical no diagnóstico da obstrução do trato urinário durante a cintilografia renal dinâmica com estímulo de diurético. Materiais e métodos: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 82 rins de 82 pacientes submetidos a cintilografia renal dinâmica. Compararam-se as porcentagens de excreção do radiofármaco DTPA-99mTc pelos rins antes e após o esvaziamento vesical nas imagens pós-diurético, classificando-os como obstruídos, indeterminados ou não obstruídos. Resultados: A avaliação da excreção do radiofármaco pelos rins mostrou que houve aumento de 10,4% na taxa de excreção global quando a bexiga foi esvaziada. Dos 82 rins estudados, 40 foram considerados obstruídos, 16 indeterminados e 26 como não obstruídos, na análise com a bexiga repleta. Na análise das imagens após micção, dos 40 classificados como obstruídos, 11 passaram a ser classificados como indeterminados e 3 como não obstruídos. Além disso, dos 16 rins apontados como indeterminados nas imagens com a bexiga repleta, 13 passaram a ser considerados não obstruídos com a bexiga vazia. Conclusão: É fundamental uma imagem após a micção na cintilografia renal dinâmica para uma análise fidedigna da porcentagem de excreção do radiofármaco pelo rim, evitando-se possíveis falso-positivos para obstrução do trato urinário.

Feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) in the lower Anapu River region, Eastern Amazon, Brazil / Ecologia alimentar de Serrasalmus gouldingi (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) na região do baixo Rio Anapu, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Studies on feeding ecology of fishes are important to understand the relationship between species and environmental seasonal variations. In tropical rivers, these relationships are mainly modeled by hydrological patterns. Thereby, this study aimed to assess the influence of fluviometric variation and life stage (juveniles and adults) in the feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi in the lower Anapu River region, located in Eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil. Specimens were collected bimonthly, considering four different hydrological periods. We assessed the diet composition, feeding intensity and niche breadth of the species. Thirty-two dietary items were identified and grouped into ten categories. A total of 279 stomachs were analyzed, showing a predominance of fish fragments, followed by fruits and seeds. The diet composition of S. gouldingi differed only between drought and flood season, although it did not differ between juveniles and adults. An increase in feeding intensity was recorded during the rise in the water level, with a lower feeding intensity observed during transitional season. Serrasalmus gouldingi showed lower niche breadth during flood season, attributed to the high consumption of fruits and seeds, presenting an omnivorous diet with high tendency towards piscivory. Although less evident than in other Amazon watersheds, the flood pulse in the lower Anapu River region is an important factor influencing the feeding ecology of the species.

Estudos sobre ecologia trófica dos peixes são importantes ferramentas para compreensão das relações entre as espécies e as variações sazonais no ambiente. Em rios tropicais essas relações são modeladas principalmente por variações hidrológicas. Sendo assim, o objetivo presente estudo é avaliar a influência variação fluviométrica e do estágio de vida (juvenis e adultos) na ecologia alimentar de Serrasalmus gouldingi na região do baixo Rio Anapu, Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil. Os espécimes foram amostrados bimensalmente considerando quatro períodos hidrológicos distintos. Nós avaliamos a composição da dieta, intensidade alimentar e amplitude de nicho da espécie. Foram identificados trinta e dois itens alimentares agrupados em dez categorias. Um total de 279 estômagos foi analisado, registrando um predomínio no consumo de fragmento de peixes seguido por frutos e sementes. A composição na dieta de S. gouldingi diferiu apenas entre os períodos de seca e cheia, não diferindo entre juvenis e adultos. Uma maior intensidade alimentar foi observada durante o aumento do nível dos rios, com uma menor intensidade alimentar durante os períodos transicionais. Durante o período de cheia S. gouldingi também evidenciou uma menor amplitude de nicho, a qual foi atribuída ao elevado consumo de frutos e sementes. Sendo assim, a dieta de S. gouldingi foi classificada como onívora com forte tendência a piscivoria. Embora menos evidente do que em outras regiões da Amazônia, o pulso de inundação na região do baixo Rio Anapu também afeta a ecologia alimentar da espécie.

A study on alleviation of acute lung injury in rats with bowel repletion pattern by mesenteric lymph drainage and its mechanism / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effects of mesenteric lymph drainage on acute lung injury and expression of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signal pathway in rats with bowel repletion pattern. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups according to random number table method, namely sham operation group (sham group), bowel repletion model group (model group) and mesenteric lymph drainage group (drainage group), 10 rats in each group. The rat model of bowel repletion was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) method, firstly 1 hour occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to induce ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. In the rats of drainage group, the drainage of mesenteric lymph duct began at the end of model establishment and persisted for 3 hours. In the rats of sham group, the SMA and mesenteric lymph ducts were exposed with blunt dissection, and then they were immediately placed back into the abdominal cavity. After 3 hours of mesenteric lymph drainage, the lung and ileum tissues of rats in each group were harvested for evaluation of pathohistological changes and for the determination and comparison of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity changes; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA in the lung tissues were measured by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Under the light microscope, the pulmonary capillaries markedly dilated and congested, the interstitium width of lung increased with a large amount of inflammatory cells infiltration, the intestinal mucosal layer becoming thinner with detachment of intestinal villi and a large amount of inflammatory cells infiltration were detected in rats of model group. Compared with those in sham group, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF, the MPO activity of lung and ileum tissues, and the expressions of TLR4 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA in the lung tissues were significantly increased in model group.Compared with those in model group, the pathohistological damages in lung and ileum tissues were ameliorated, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF, the MPO activity of lung and intestinal tissues and the expressions of TLR4 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA in the lung tissues were lower in the rats of drainage group [TNF-α in BALF (ng/L): 858.55±27.16 vs. 1 680.58±105.62; IL-6 in BALF (ng/L): 0 vs. 484.71±5.43; MPO activity of lung (U/g): 0.95±0.13 vs. 1.36±0.11; MPO activity of ileum tissues (U/g): 0.75±0.13 vs. 1.30±0.16; TLR4 mRNA: 0.21±0.11 vs. 0.69±0.13, p38MAPK mRNA: 0.21±0.13 vs. 0.47±0.09; allP < 0.05].Conclusion Mesenteric lymph drainage can alleviate acute lung injury in rats with bowel repletion, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of the expressions of TLR4 mRNA and p38MAPK mRNA and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung tissues.

Effect of Calcium Source using Tilapia Mossambica Scales on the Bone Metabolic Biomarkers and Bone Mineral Density in Rats

This study was done to evaluate the effect of Ca source using fish (Tilapia mossambica) scales on the bone metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks of age, were fed low-calcium diet (0.15% Ca) for 2 weeks. The rats on the low-calcium diet were further assigned to one of following three groups for an additional 4 weeks: 1) Ca-depletion group (LoCa) given 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO3), 2) Ca-repletion group (AdCa) given 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO3), 3) Ca-repletion diet (AdFa) received 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales). Serum parathyroid (PTH) and calcitonin showed no differences among experimental groups. Whereas LoCa group elevated the turnover markers, serum ALP and osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), AdCa and AdFa groups reduced their values. Elevation in the femoral weight, ash and Ca contents was observed in AdCa and AdFa groups. Bone mineral density was increased in AdCa and AdFa groups by 25-26% compared with LoCa group. These data demonstrate that Ca repletion with either Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales or CaCO3 is similarly effective in the improvement of bone turnover markers and BMD, suggesting the usefulness of Tilapia mossambica scales in the prevention of bone loss compared with CaCO3.

Clinical Effects of Acupuncture Combined with Herbal Medicine with the Functions of Detoxication and Purging Fu-organ on Patients with Constipation of Phlegm-heat and Bowel-repletion Type in Acute Cerebral Infraction / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To probe into the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with herbal medicine with the functions of detoxication and purging fu-organ on patients with constipation of phlegm-heat and bowel-repletion type in acute cerebral infarction.Methods The enrolled cases were randomly assigned to an observation group of 35 cases and a control grouD of 35 cases.Besides both groups were treated with routine neurological treatment and acupuncture with the flinchon of brain activating,the observation group was treated by acupuncture combined with herbal medicine with the functions of detoxication and purging fu-organ and the control group was treated with Dilute Glycerol.Such indexes of patients in both groups were observed 7 days and 21 days before and after the treatment as clinical effect of constipation,scores of related symptoms,and scores of traditional Chinese medical category and clinical effect.Results The effective rates of eonstipation 7 davs and 21 days after treatment were 93.7% and96.9% in the observation group,and 61.8% and79.4% in the control group,with significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.01).After the treatment for 7 days and 21 days,the symptoms of constipation.dark tongue,yellow and greasy fur were improved significantly in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05);The observation group also showed a definite therapeutic effect than the control group on treating the svmptoms of upset minded,constipation,red or dark tongue,yellow and greasy fur(P＜0.01).The scores of traditional Chinese medical category of the observation group were lower than that of the control group(P＜0.01)after treatment for21 days.The total improvement rate was 97.0% in the observation group comparing 55.8%in the control group,showing significant difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion The method of acupuncture combined with herbal medicine with the functions of detoxication and purging fu-organ has a definite therapeutic effect on treating constipation of phlegm-heat and bowel-repletion in acute cerebral infarction.It can also improve clinical effects of these patients,which is worth generalizing in the clinical practice.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Sypjeondaebotang or Jahyulyanggeuntang on Iron Bioavailability in Rats

The effect of dietary supplementation of the two oriental medicinal prescriptions, Sypjeondaebotang or Jahyulyanggeuntang, on iron bioavailability was evaluated in rats which were depleted of iron by being fed an irondeficient diet for 4 weeks. Seventy two iron-depleted rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24) , and fld one of the following experimental diets for 4 (n=8), 12 (n=8), and 25 days (n=8) : Control diet (CD), Sypjeondaebotang-supplemented diet (SD), Jahyulyanggeuntang -supplemented diet (JD). The CD contained 20 mg Fe/kg diet as FeSO4, and the SD or JD was identical except that the respective oriental medicinal prescription extract was included at the level of 4 g/kg diet. Animals fed the SD and JD for 25 days consumed significantly less food (p0.05) were lower in rats fed the SD compared to those fed the CD. Dietary supplementation of Sypjeondaebotang during the period of iron repletion significantly increased blood levels of hemoglobin (p<0.05) and hematocrit (p<0.01) measured at day 12, and increased mean corpuscular volume (p<0.05) measured at day 25, compared to the values for the CD rats. Regression analyses of hemoglobin-repletion bioassay data from rats fed the SD and JD showed the relative biological values of 123% and 99%, respectively, calculated against the slope for the CD rats. Apparent iron absorption and retention values were also significantly lower (p<0.05) in rats fed the SD for 25 days than those for the CD rats. Based on the results from diverse biochemical indices of iron status and the chemical balance study, the effect of Jahyulyanggeuntang on iron bioavailability appears to be less prominent than that for Sypjeondaebotang. Taken together, these results indicate that Sypjeondaebotang has a positive effect in restoring iron depletion by increasing the iron bioavailability in rats.

Glycogen depletion / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In this study, the glycogen depletion and repletion of 4 hind limb skeletal muscles which are composed of different type of muscle fibers were investigated in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. At sixth day after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg, BW), the plasma insulin level was decreased to 28.2 ±4.16u U/ml comparing with the level of 49.3 ±9.41 in control rats, And it showed approximatly 300% increment of the level of blood glucose concentration in the sedentary diabetic rats. The soleus (slow oxidative), rad gastrocnemius (fast oxydtive glycolytic), extensor digitorum longus (fast oxidative glycolytic and fast glycolytic mixed), and white gastrocnemius (fast gltycolytic) were subjected in this study. The decreased amount of glycogen in the muscles by 3 minutes treadmill running in disbetic rats was larger than that of control rats. The largest amount of depletion was observed in the soleus in diabetic rats. The repleted amount of muscle glycogen was measured at 2 hours after glucose ingestion (25% glucose sol., 2ml/10gm BW). In the control rats, the highest amount of glycogen was repleted in the soleus, but lowest in white gastrocnemius. The repleted amount of glycogen in soleus, red gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus was lower in the muscles of diabetic rats than in control rats, but no difference was observed in white gastroenemius muscles. These data suggest that glycogen synthetic activities of all of muscles except the muscles which are composed of fast glycolytic fiber, were stimulated by insulin.

A quantitative analysis of germ cells and the histone variants in the testes of vitamin A-deficient rats and during subsequent repletion with vitamin A.

A quantitative analysis of the different types of germ cells present in the seminiferous tubules of vitamin A-deficient-retinoate maintained rats revealed that the number of pachytene spermatocytes and spermatogonia was greatly reduced in the deficient rats. Spermatids were virtually absent in the deficient tubules which contained mostly spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes along with the Sertoli cells. There was no change in the number of Sertoli cells present in the tubules of deficient rats as compared to that of normal rats. Following supplementation of retinyl acetate to vitamin A-deficient-retinoate maintained rats, there was an immediate thinning of the germinal epithelium resulting from the sloughing off of the damaged spermatocytes which were beyond repair. However, after 12 days of vitamin A supplementation fresh batch of pachytene spermatocytes started appearing while by day 16 round spermatids could be seen. Analysis of the acid soluble proteins from nuclei on different types of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic systems has revealed that the levels of the testis specific histone variants Hlt, TH2A and TH2B, synthesized predominantly in the pachytene spermatocytes were greatly reduced in the testes of retinoate maintained rats. Following supplementation of retinyl acetate for either 4 days or 8 days the levels of these histone variants further decreased which correlated with the decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes. However, by day 12 of supplementation onwards, their levels started increasing and reached near normal levels by day 24 of vitamin A-supplementation.