Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Inventory for Pregnant Mexican Women / Propiedades Psicometricas del inventario de Resiliencia para Mujeres embarazadas Mexicanas

La resilencia ha estado relacionada a la salud mental durante el período perinatal. Sin embargo, hasta donde sabemos, no hay intrumentos para medir la resilencia que hayan sido validados en esta población. El propósito de este estudio fué examinar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Resilencia en mujeres embarazadas mexicanas. Se evaluó una muestra de 280 mujeres usando el Inventario de Resilencia, el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente y un cuestionario de situaciones de estrés. El coeficiente de confiabilidad del Inventario de Resilencia fué de 0.88 para la escala completa. El análisis factorial exploratorio resultó en una estructura de resilencia de tres factores (capacidad personal, religiosidad y actitud positiva) para mujeres embarazadas. La validez consistente fué respaldada por correlaciones negativas con síntomas prenatales depresivos y situaciones de estrés. El Inventario de Resilencia podría ser potencialmente una medida fiable válida. Es necesario continuar explorando el rol de la resilencia en el período perinatal e identificar los factores que la determinan.

Resilience has been related to mental health during the perinatal period. However, to our knowledge, there are no instruments for measuring resilience that have been validated in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Resilience Inventory in Mexican pregnant women. A sample of 280 women was evaluated using the Resilience Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire and a stressful life events questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the Resilience Inventory was 0.88 for the complete scale. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor structure of resilience (personal competence, religiosity and positive attitude) for pregnant women. Concurrent validity was supported by negative correlations with prenatal depressive symptoms and stressful life events. The Resilience Inventory could potentially be a valid reliable measure. It is necessary to continue exploring the role of resilience in the perinatal period and identify the factors that shape it.

Relación entre característica resilientes y riesgo psicosocial en personas con discapacidad / Relationship between resilient characteristics and psychosocial risk in people disabilities

La discapacidad permanente o transitoria es un indicador que incrementa diariamente a nivel mun-dial, afectando las funciones familiares, sociales, laborales, económicas y psicológicas de las perso-nas. Objetivo: Conocer la relación existente entre las características resilientes y el nivel de riesgo psicosocial en personas con discapacidad. Método: La investigación fue cuantitativa, correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 119 personas con discapacidad física que se encontraban vinculadas laboralmente en 6 departamentos de Colombia. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young adaptada por Novella en 2002 y el Cuestionario de factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral forma A y B creado por el Ministerio de la Protección Social (2010). Resultados: Se encontró una relación inversa entre los factores resilientes asociados al nivel de riesgo psicosocial, a menor resiliencia mayor es el nivel de riesgo en las carac-terísticas de liderazgo, en las recompensas derivadas de la pertinencia a la organización y del trabajo que se realiza y en reconocimiento y compensación; sin embargo, a mayor resiliencia mayor es el riesgo en las demandas de carga mental. Discusión: Las personas con discapacidad física vinculadas laboralmente presentan menos riesgos psicosociales intralaborales, considerándose como factor de protección la resiliencia. Ante la carencia de investigaciones sobre el tema es relevante no solo evaluar los riesgos en dicha población sino brindar información a las organizaciones conducentes a generar cambios hacia la inclusión.

Permanent or temporary disability is an indicator that increases daily worldwide, it affects people's familiar, social, working, economic and psychological functions. Objective: To determine the rela-tionship between the resilient characteristics and the level of psychosocial risk in people with disabili-ties. Method: The research was quantitative, correlational with non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of 119 individuals with physical disabilities who were occupationally related in 6 depart-ments of Colombia. Two instruments were used: the Resilience Scale of Young and Wagnild adap-ted by Novella (2002), and the Questionnaire of psychosocial risk factors in professional environ-ments, form A and B, established by the Ministry of Social Protection (2010) were applied. Results:An inverse relationship between the resilient factors associated with the level of psychosocial risk was found. The lower the resilience is, the greater level of risk there is in the characteristics of leadership, rewards derived from the relevance to the organization, the work done, and in recognition found and compensation; however, the greater resilience is, the greater is the risk of mental workload demands. Discussion: Employed people with physical disabilities have fewer psychosocial risks in professional environments, considering resilience as a protective factor. To address the lack of research on this sub-ject, it is necessary not only to evaluate the risks of this population, but also to provide information to the relevant organizations about this subject that contributes to produce changes towards inclusion.

Resiliencia, factores de riesgo y protección en adolescentes mayas de Yucatán: elementos para favorecer la adaptación escolar / Resilience, risk and protective factors in Maya adolescents of Yucatán: elements to promote school adjustment / Resilência, fatores de risco e proteção em adolescentes maias de Yucatán: elementos para favorecer a adaptação escolar

medio de la familia y la escuela en estudiantes mayas yucatecos migrantes, debido a que se desenvuelven en condiciones de pobreza, marginación social, violencia escolar, embarazos no deseados y consumo de alcohol y tabaco, que en ocasiones les conducen a deserción escolar, lo que incrementa su situación de adversidad en la que se encuentran. De aquí la relevancia de promover en estos estudiantes, mientras permanecen en la escuela secundaria, capacidades resilientes y recursos personales cuyo propósito sea mejorar su adaptación positiva al centro escolar y en consecuencia, su propia situación personal y familiar.

This paper analyzes the implications of promoting protective resources through family and school in Yucatec Maya migrant students. They operate in conditions of poverty, social exclusion, school violence, unwanted pregnancies and alcohol and tobacco addiction that sometimes lead them to dropout, thus increasing the adverse situation in which they find themselves. Hence the importance of promoting in these students, while they are still in high school, the development of resilient abilities and personal resources whose purpose is to improve their positive adjustment to school and consequently, their own personal and family circumstances.

Neste artigo analisam-se as implicações da promoção de recursos protetores por meio da família e da escola em estudantes maias de Yucatán migrantes, devido a que se desenvolvem em condições de pobreza, marginalização social, violência escolar, gravidez não desejada e consumo de álcool e tabaco, que em ocasiões os conduzem à deserção escolar, o que piora sua situação de adversidade em que se encontram. Daí a relevância de promover nestes estudantes, enquanto permanecem na escola secundária, capacidades resilentes e recursos pessoais cujo propósito seja melhorar sua adaptação positiva ao centro escolar e consequentemente, sua própria situação pessoal e familiar.