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Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of virulence-related phenotypes/genotype, capsular serotype, drug resistance phenotypes, and sequence typing (ST) of Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients living in Zhongjiang county, improve clinical understanding, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of bacterial drug resistance and clinical rational drug use. Methods:The data of 135 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients who received treatment in Zhongjiang County People's Hospital from July to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification and drug sensitivity testing were performed using the WalkAway-40Plus automated microbiology system. Strains with a high viscosity phenotype were identified using wire drawing experiments. Hypervirulence-associated capsular serotype and virulence genes were verified by polymerase chain reaction. ST of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was identified using multilocus sequence typing. Results:Strains with a high viscosity phenotype were identified in 50.4% of the 135 strains. 54.1%, 54.8%, and 54.1% of the strains were positive for virulence genes iucA, iroN, rmpA. The proportion of strains with capsular Serotype K1 or K2 was 11.9% and 15.6%, respectively. A total of 65 kinds of ST were identified, with ST23 and ST37 being the most common, accounting for 11.1% and 6.7%, respectively. The resistance rate of the strains to 16 kinds of antibiotics was 0.0%-25.2%, and the resistance rate to Carbapenem antibiotics, Amikacin, and Tigecycline was less than 1%. The positive rate of virulence gene of strains with a high viscosity phenotype was significantly higher than that of strains without a high viscosity phenotype ( P < 0.001), and its resistance rate to Cephalosporin was significantly lower in strains with a high viscosity phenotype than that in strains without a high viscosity phenotype ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zhongjiang County is characterized by "high virulence and low drug resistance". It is necessary to continuously monitor the changes in the virulence and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province, and be alert to the rapid dissemination of highly virulent strains.
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@#Abstract： Objective To analyze the characteristics and corresponding drug resistance of pathogenic bacterial spectrum in eight major infection sites of hospitalized patients, and to provide epidemiological data for the rational selection of antibiotics in clinical practice. Methods A total of 396 bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients in member institutions of the Hainan Provincial Bacterial Resistance Monitoring Network from September 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, were included in this study. Data were screened and filtered from the database of MH120 Microbial Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis System based on the technical scheme of the National Bacterial Drug Resistance Surveillance Network and Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Project research plan in 2020. The testing data were integrated, summarized, and analyzed using EXCEL and WHONET 5.6 software, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results Among of 396 strains of bacteria, 78 (19.7%) were isolated from respiratory tract specimens, 74 (18.7%) from urinary tract specimens, 72 (18.2%) from blood specimens, 54 (13.6%) from abdominal cavity specimens, 48 (12.1%) from skin and soft tissue specimens 48 strains (12.1%), 30 (7.6%) from reproductive tract specimens, 22 (5.6%) from central nervous system specimens, 18 (4.5%) from digestive tract specimens. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.4% of the isolates, while gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.6%. The top five gram-negative bacteria isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.9%), Escherichia coli (14.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (5.3%), and Salmonella species (4.5%). The top five gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%), Streptococcus agalactis (7.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (3.0%), Enterococcus faecium (2.8%), and Streptococcus suis (1.8%). Respiratory failure and bloodstream infection were independent influencing factors of treatment response (P<0.01). The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ampicillin was 81.4%, and the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to gentamicin and levofloxacin were both below 7%. Conclusions The pathogen spectra vary with different infection sites of patients, and rational selection of antibiotics based on drug susceptibility testing is crucial to shorten the treatment time of patients and avoid the unnecessary emergence of drug-resistant strains caused by drug abuse.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in the bacterial resistance monitoring network in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide laboratory data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the etiological characteristics of BSI patients and drug resistance of commonly used drugs in clinical treatment were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 877 strains were isolated, including Gram-negative bacteria (584 strains, 66.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (239 strains, 27.2%) and fungi (54 strains, 6.2%); male patients (591 cases, 67.4%), female patients (286 cases, 32.6%); inpatients (780 cases, 88.9%), outpatient and emergency patients (97 cases, 11.1%); the main primary diseases of BSI patients were hypertension, cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes, and the main primary infections were pulmonary infection and urinary system infection. Intensive care unit (25.2%, 221 cases), emergency department (10.9%, 96 cases), oncology department (9.1%, 80 cases), nephrology department (6.8%, 60 cases) and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department (4.3%, 38 cases) had the highest proportion of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Viridans group streptococci and Candida albicans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.4%, 15.2% and 36.4% respectively. The carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was not checked out. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 18.5% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens of BSI, and inpatients are the main source of BSI. Age, underlying diseases and primary infection are the risk factors of BSI. Clinical laboratories should strengthen the etiological monitoring of high-risk patients with BSI, and the resistance analysis of common antibiotics can provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.
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@#Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in Fujian Province, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out on the isolated strains of blood culture samples in 31 medical institutions in Fujian Province according to the unified plan. The data were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) drug sensitivity executive standard in 2021. Results After removing the duplicate strains, 10 356 strains of bacteria were collected, including 3 668 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (35.4%) and 6 688 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (64.6%). The top 5 bacteria are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 24.5%, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) was 76.8%. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistant staphylococci were not found. The detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 3.2%. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.8% and 1.1% respectively. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems was 0.8%, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 41.9%; the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 15.0%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was 45.1%; the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only 14.2%, and it maintained a high sensitivity to most drugs. Conclusions Most bloodstream infections in Fujian Province are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. The drug resistance of some strains is not optimistic, so we should continue to strengthen the clinical application management of antibiotics and use them correctly and reasonably. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; bacteria; antibiotics; drug resistance monitoring
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in blood samples of children and adults from 50 hospitals in Shandong Province, and to understand the drug sensitivity characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI), so as to provide reference for clinical experience. Methods The distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood samples from 50 hospitals in Shandong province from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed based on the Cooperative Research Network of Pediatric Bacterial and Fungal Resistance Monitoring in Shandong Province. Meanwhile, the drug sensitivity characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus were divided into children group (<14 years old) and adult group (≥14 years old). The data were analyzed by Whonet 5.6 and SPSS 22.0 with reference to CLSI 2021 M100 document standard judgment results. Results A total of 3 661 Staphylococcus aureus strains were collected from 50 medical institutions in Shandong Province, including 675 in 2017, 870 in 2018, 1 080 in 2019, and 1 036 in 2020. The drug resistance rates of multiple antibiotics in blood culture methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) group were significantly different (P<0.05). There were significant differences in antibiotic resistance rates between adult group and children group (P<0.05). The overall detection rate of MRSA was 27.5%, and no staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline were found. Conclusion The detection rate of MRSA strains decreased continuously and increased by 2020. The detection rate of MRSA in adult group was lower than that in children group, suggesting that we should pay attention to the monitoring of bacterial resistance in children group, to the management of multiple resistant bacteria and rational use of antibacterial drugs.
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OBJECTIVE：To pro vide reference for rational use of antibiotics in pediatric department. METHODS ：Clinical bacterial strains isolated from children outpatients and inpatients were collected from West China Guang ’an Hospital of Sichuan University（called“our hospital ”for short ）during Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2019. Distribution and drug resistance of bacteria were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS ：During 2014-2019，total of 4 692 strains were detected ，accounting for 29.56％ of total ；those were mainly from sputum （3 749 strains，79.90％），blood（203 strains，4.33％）and secretion （137 strains，2.92％）specimen. Among them ，1 488 strains of Gram-positive bacteria （31.71％）were mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae （711 strains，15.15％） and Staphylococcus aureus （574 strains，12.23％）；3 204 strains of Gram-negative bacteria （68.29％）were mainly 2 466 strains of Haemophilus influenza （52.56％）. Totally 172 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 1 517 strains of β-lactamase producing H. influenzae were detected ；the detection rates were 29.97％ and 61.52％ ，respectively. Resistance rates of H. influenza to ampicillin，cefaclor and cefuroxime were higher than 50％，and the overall trend was on the rise ，resistance rates of cefotaxime ， rifampin and ofloxacin were all lower than 6％. Resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin and tetracycline were more than 70％，and the resistance rate to erythromycin was increasing year by year. Resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to β-lactams and quinolones were generally lower than 20％. No resistant strains of linezolid and vancomycin were found. Resistance rate of S. aureus to penicillin G was more than 90％. S. aureus was relarively sensitive to aminoglycosides ，macrolides and tetracyclines ；no furantoin，linezolid and vancomycin-resistant strains were found. CONCLUSIONS ：Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens isolated from children in our hospital ，and most of them are H. influenza e，S. pneumon iae and other caustic bacteria. The detection rate of drug-resistant and enzyme producing strains is high ， and the resistance rate of several pathogens to commonly used 0826-2600251。E-mail：wenxiaozheng269@sina.com antibiotics is increasing year by year. Drug resistance is severe. In order to delay the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens in real time and further standardize the use of pediatric antibiotics.
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BACKGROUND The longstanding application of insecticides for vector control without periodic monitoring of the population response to these chemicals can directly drive the selection of resistant populations of vector mosquitoes. Tocantins is the newest state of the Brazilian Federation. Despite a historically high number of dengue cases, studies and monitoring data concerning insecticide resistance in the state are lacking. OBJECTIVES To verify the resistance status of Aedes aegypti from 10 populations distributed throughout the state connected by rivers and roads. METHODS Between 50 and 150 ovitraps were installed in house gardens within each municipality. Collection points were established based on the importance of the towns and on geographic aspects. Dose response bioassays were performed in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Molecular assays were conducted to detect kdr mutations, which are related to pyrethroid resistance. FINDINGS Of the 3,200 ovitrap paddles analysed, 25.8% contained eggs, with a total of 55,687 eggs collected. With the exception of Caseara, all evaluated populations were considered to be resistant to temephos. The data showed different levels of resistance to deltamethrin among the samples. Caseara and Guaraí showed the lowest RR95 values. On average, the NaVR1 kdr allele was most frequent (40.3%), followed by NaVS (38.1%), and NaVR2 (21.6%). Palmas, the capital of the state, had the highest frequency of kdr alleles (87.5%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS With the exception of Palmas, the towns with the highest indexes (ovitrap positivity, number and density of eggs), as well with high levels of resistance and kdr alleles were located along the BR-153 road, indicating that the flow of people and cargo can contribute to the dispersion of the vector and potentially resistance. This study contributes substantially to knowledge regarding the insecticide resistance profile of Tocantins mosquito populations; the data generated via the study could facilitate the judicious use of insecticides by vector control programs.
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Humanos , Arbovirus , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Ecosistema AmazónicoRESUMEN
Objective@#To understand the infection status, characteristics and drug resistance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in animal feces in Shandong Province.@*Methods@#From 2015 to 2016, convient sampling method was used to collect 1 022 fresh feces of animals in Weishan county and Laizhou city, and 24 non-O157 STEC were isolated. The serotypes of non-O157 STEC strains were confirmed through serum agglutination test. The susceptibility was explored through the antimicrobial sensitivity experiments. ESBLs activity was confirmed by double-disc diffusion. PCR method was used to detect the resistance genes. PFGE typing was operated to assess the relatedness and variability of the strains. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was adopted to get the allelic profile and ST sequence of strains. Analysis was made on the evolutionary relationship between different ST groups was made through CLC Sequence Viewer and Counting Express.@*Results@#A total of 24 non-O157 STEC were isolated from animal feces. 23 strains were from pig feces, and 1 strain was from cow feces, and the serotypes were more dispersed. All of the 24 strains carried stx2 genes. The highest resistance rate was sulfamethoxazole(22 strains), the mount of cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid was 18 strains, chloramphenicol was 13 strains, tetracycline was 19, and there was a phenomenon of multiple drug resistance. The drug resistance spectrum was sulfamethoxazole tetracycline-compound novammin-naphthidine-chloramphenicol. All strains were sensitive to cefepime and imipenem. The ESBLs confirmatory test showed that 4 strains of non O157 STEC produced beta lactamase. PCR detected 7 resistance genes, and 4 tetracycline resistance genes (Tet A, Tet B, tetC and tetD) were detected. The beta lactamase resistance genes (blaSHV-1, bla CTX-M, bla TEM) were all negative. 24 strains were divided into 15 PFGE types, and their clustering results were more dispersed and no dominant PFGE type. There were 11 kinds of MLST types, most of them are ST540 and ST5133 types, each of which was 4 strains, and clustered into 1 MLST genomes.@*Conclusion@#The serotypes of non-O157 STEC in animal feces O157 STEC were dispersed, and the resistant rate to common antibiotic was high. MLST typing results presents obvious polymorphism. Surveillance and manage ment of these strains should be strengthened.
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Objective To investigate the density seasonal fluctuation and insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis in the Taibai Lake area and to provide a scientific basis for formulation of Anopheles sinensis control strategy.Methods The surveillance was carried out from June to October in 2013-2016.The adult mosquito density was monitored using human bait trapping method.WHO bioassay method was used to measure the sensibility of mosquitoes to insecticides.Results In 2013-2016,totally 2 318 Anopheles sinensis were captured,the Anopheles sinensis peaked in late July till early August,which were 67-127,317-386,77-89,107-139,respectively.Anopheles sinensis showed high resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane,malathion,and initial resistance to propoxur and deltamethrin (mortality ratio:38.10％,41.82％,86.11％,83.02％).Conclusions The Taibai Lake area has a diverse Anopheles sinensis population,its seasonal fluctuations and insecticide resistance monitoring can provide effective guidance for malaria control.In order to prevent the development of resistance to the insecticides,integrated management measures should be adopted in the future.
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La infección causada por Salmonella spp. y por Campylobacter spp. son las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) reportadas más frecuentemente en el mundo, siendo la carne de pollo uno de los vehículos alimentarios más importantes para ambas. Se presenta los primeros resultados de la vigilancia antimicrobiana integrada de las ETA de Salmonella spp. y Campylobacter spp. en tres poblaciones. En este estudio descriptivo de corte transverso, de casos consecutivos, se recolectaron muestras de diversos orígenes de carne de pollo y distintas poblaciones para su aislamiento, caracterización y perfil de resistencia. Se observó una prevalencia de Campylobacter spp. del 13% en alimentos, 20% en muestras clínicas y 55% en heces cloacales de aves, con alta prevalencia de Campylobacter jejuni en las tres poblaciones; de Salmonella spp fue 6% en alimentos, 13% en muestras clínicas y 3% en heces cloacales de aves, con predominio del serotipo Salmonella ser. Enteritidis en las muestras clínicas y heces cloacales de aves. La resistencia a ciprofloxacina de Campylobacter spp., entre 59-81% se destacó en las tres poblaciones estudiadas. Para Salmonella spp. se observó una resistencia a nitrofurantoina del 73% en heces cloacales de aves, 55% en alimentos y 19,4% en humanos; a tetraciclina, 42% en alimentos, 5% en muestras clínicas y 9% en heces cloacales; para el ácido nalidíxico la resistencia fue del 72% en animales y 53% en muestras clínicas. Es importante fortalecer la vigilancia integrada de la resistencia antimicrobiana en estas tres poblaciones de manera a detectar en forma oportuna mecanismos de resistencia que pudieran afectar al ser humano a través de la cadena alimentaria.
Infection caused by Salmonella ssp. and Campylobacter spp. are the foodborne diseasesreported most frequently throughout the world, and chicken meat is considered one of themost important food vehicles for both. The objective was to present the first resultsobtained from the integrated antimicrobial surveillance of foodborne diseases of Salmonellaspp. and Campylobacter spp in three populations. In this descriptive cross - sectional ofconsecutive sampling, samples were collected from different sources of chicken meat and different populations for isolation, characterization and resistance profile. A prevalence of13% in food, 20% in clinical samples and 55% in cloacal feces was observed in the isolationof Campylobacter spp. with high prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in all three populationsfollowed by 6% in food, 13% in clinical samples and 3% in birds cloacal feces of Salmonellaspp. with predominance in the isolation of the serotype Salmonella ser. Enteritidis in clinicalsample populations and birds cloacal feces. The resistance of Campylobacter spp. tociprofloxacin of 59-81%, stood out in the three populations under study, in contrast toSalmonella spp. A high resistance to nitrofurantoin of 73% was observed in poultry feces,55% in foods and 19.4% in humans. Resistance to tetracycline was found in foods (42%),5% in clinical samples and 9% in cloacal feces. A resistance of 72% was observed inanimals and 53% in clinical samples for nalidixic acid. It is important to strengthen theintegrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in these three populations in order totimely detect mechanisms of resistance that can affect the human being through the foodchain.
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Humanos , Campylobacter , Infecciones por Campylobacter , Infecciones por Salmonella , Inspección de Alimentos , Salmonella , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
Objective To analyze drug resistance data of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,submitted by member units of Chongqing bacterial drug resistance monitoring network,and to provide the basis for our city effective application of antimicrobial agents and the reference.Methods Target bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by member units,according to the national technology scheme of bacterial drug resistance monitoring network and the results were determined according to standards published by Clinic and Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI) in 2015.WHONET5.6 software was used to analyze drug susceptibility,and drug resistance difference was analyzed by using SPSS21.0 software.Results A total of un-repeated 1 811 strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 601 strains of Enterococcus faecium,accounting for 13.1% of all positive strains.The resistant rates of the two kinds of bacteria to vancomycin were 0.5% and 1.8%,to rinathiazole amine were 2.5% and 0.5% respectively.Tigecycline resistant strains were not founded.The resistant rate of Enterococcus feaclis to ouinupristin/dalfopristin was 90.1%,to tetracycline was 78.8%,to high concentration of gentamicin was 43.0%,to penicillin,ampicillin and nitrofurantoin was less than 7%.Except ouinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline,the resistant rate of Enterococcus faecium to the other drugs were significantly higher than Enterococcus faecalis(P<0.05).Strains isolated from children and adult patients,Intensive Care Unit(ICU) and un-ICU patients were with differences of drug resistance(P<0.05).Conclusion Most of Enterococcus infection could be caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Monitoring of drug resistance might be helpful for rational and effective usage of antimicrobial agents.
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Objective To analyze the distribution of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria in Xi′an area during 2014 and their drug resistant characteristics in order to provide the data of pathogenic bacterial drug resistance for medical pharmaceutical adminis ‐tration departments and clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs .Methods The pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infections were cultured and isolated by using the routine method .The bacterial species was identified by using the semi‐automatic or full‐automatic bacterial identification and analysis systems .The drug susceptibility test was conducted according to CLSI standards .The data sta‐tistics and analysis were performed by using the WHONET 5 .6 software .Results 31 013 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isola‐ted in 2014 ,including 20 029 strains (64 .58% ) of Gram‐negative bacilli ,9 888 strains (31 .88% ) of Gram‐positive cocci and 1 096 strains (3 .54% ) of fungi ;the top bacteria was E .coli(20 .29% ) ,vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not be found ;the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium and faecalis against Vancomycin were 3 .00% ,1 .00% ,which against to linezolid was 1 .00% ;the generation rates of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase(ESBLs) in E .coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 65 .0% and 56 .0% respectively .Conclusion The important pathogenic bacteria ,including MRSA ,vancomycin resistant enterococcus ,carbapen‐em resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria ,pan‐drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii ,in nosocomial infection should be performed the intensive monitoring and the communication with clinic should be strengthened in order to make the detection results serve the clinic well .
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OBJECTIVE:To understand the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens by sputum culture in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in our hospital so as to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS:From Dec. 2010 to Dec. 2014,the sputum specimens were collected from the AECOPD patients,then the identification of 307 strains of pathogens and drug susceptibility test were carried out,and the data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 307 strains of pathogens were collected,of which 17 cases of gram-positive ba-cillus accounted (5.54%),247 cases of gram negative cocci (80.46%),43 cases of fungi accounted (14.00%). The most com-mon isolates from sputum specimens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.22%),Acinetobacter baumannii (19.54%),Stenotroph-omonas maltophilia(9.77%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.82%),Candida albicans(6.84%),etc. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii were highly multidrug-resistant. There were 10 strains of ESBLs-producing K. pneumonia isolated, with the isolation rate of 41.67%. No Staphylococcus aureus strain was found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid. Methicillin resistant strains in S. aureus(MRSA)accounted for 50.00%. CONCLUSIONS:Gram-negative bacilli are the most common pathogens in the AE-COPD patients. The common species of pathogens are highly resistant. More attention should be paid to the drug resistance monitor-ing of pathogens and rational use of antibiotics according to the results of susceptibility test.
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Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and resistance of clinical isolates ,so as to provide basis for the clinical medication .Methods The drug susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby‐Bauer method or automated system .The re‐sults were analyzed by WHONET 5 .6 referring to the breakpoints of CLSI 2013 .Results Of 1 240 clinical iso1ates ,the gram‐posi‐tive cocci and gram‐negative bacteria accounted for 32 .7% and 67 .3% respectively .The top five of isolated strains were Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella spp ,coagulase negative staphylococci ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Streptococcus pneumonia;the first five of isolated spec‐imens constitute followed by sputum ,urine ,blood ,secretions and stool .The average prevalence of methicillin‐resistant strains in S . aureus (MRSA) and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS)was 17 .1% and 74 .7% ,respectively ;no vancomycin ,teicoplanin or linezolid‐resistant strains were found;no vancomycin‐resistant strains were found in Enterococcus spp;Enterobacteriaceae was still highly susceptible to imipenem and meropenem (> 85% );extended spectrum beta‐lactamases(ESBLs) producing strains ac‐counted for 56 .7% of Escherichia coli ,and accounted for 18 .6% of Klebsiella pneumonia;the drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem was 11 .9% .The drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp to imipenem was 19 .0% .Conclusion The main infection site of patients in this hospital is respiratory tract and attention should be paid to docimastic sample .The top five clinical i‐solates and drug resistance are roughly the same with the results of Chongqing drug resistance monitoring net .
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Objective To determine the distribution and antibiotics resistance characteristic of pathogens in urinary tract infections in aged female diabetics patients and provide scientific basis for clinicians in selecting effective antibiotics. Methods Pathogenic bacteria, isolated from specimens of 107 elderly female diabetic cases with urinary tract infections, were identified and drug susceptibility tests were performed by VITEK-32 analysator. Results Among all 107 kinds of isolated bacteria,the ratio of gram-negative bacteria was 74. 8% ( 80/107 ), predominated by Escherichiacoli ( accounting for 48. 6% [52/107] ); the ratio of gramposition bacterias was 13. 1% (14/107) and eumycetes was 12. 1% (13/107). In antibiotic resistance analysis,the gram negative bacteria showed higher drug-resistance to the some common-antibiotics, such as ampicililin,cefazolin,cefuroxime-sodium and cefuroxime axetil ( ＞ 70. 0% ), while they were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin( ＜ 10. 0% ). The gram positive bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin (0%), followed by Linezolid(7.7% ). Conclusion Escherichiacoli were the major pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infections in aged female diabetic patients, with higher drug resistance. Therefore, drug resistance monitoring should be carried out according to the variety of pathogenic bacteria so as to guide rational use of antibiotics and decrease drug resistance.
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OBJECTIVE I understand all types of hospital clinical specimens sent from the main Gram-negative bacillus distribution and resistance,for clinical anti-infection treatment and provide the basis for the rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Clinical submitted the sputum,Blood,Urinary tract secretions,Wound secretions,Humoral etc all kinds of specimens from the conventional training,use Viekt-ATB auto-system,and K-B paper disk diffusion in accordance with NCCLS standards was employed for drug sensitivity tests.RESULTS July 2006 June 2007 Clinical specimens were isolated various major G-Bacillus 707,Habitat of the top three are:Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,16 kinds of antibiotics resistance in varying degrees.three major imipenem Enterobacteriaceae bacteria resistant rates are 0.0%,Highly resistant to ampicillin,to cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam resistance rate of 3.3% to 34.0%.In non-fermented bacteria,In addition to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Aeromonas natural resistance to imipenem,The remaining resistance to imipenem rate of
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo of the drug resistance and the medication of pseudomonas aeruginosa so as to provide references for the clinic in the controlling of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.METHODS:The susceptive rates of the susceptibility test performed on 148 pseudomonas areuginosa infection cases confirmed in 2004 in our hospital were collected statistically and a whole range tracking statistics were conducted on the use of antibacterials.RESULTS:Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a strong drug resistance,which had a different degree of drug resistance to all antibacterials;Antibiotics like piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime and carbopenem took the lead in terms of their susceptive rates,which stood at 75.68%,73.65%and 70.27%,respectively;The cross resistances of the third generation cephalosporins and the compound agents of the third generation cephalosporins and their enzyme inhibitor were serious and which kept increasing rapidly;The adoption rates for the susceptive kinds were less than 50%before the susceptibility test.CONCLUSION:An effective way to control pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is to conduct strain culture and isolation and perform susceptibility test as early as possible.
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OBJECTIVE To understand the antibiotic resistance of Pseudemonas aeruginosa isolated from ICU and give advices to clinicians.METHODS The antibiotic susceptibility of P.aeruginosa isolated from ICU to 12 kinds of antibiotics were tested by disc diffusion method.RESULTS The antibiotic susceptibility of 472 P.aeruginosa strains to imipenem,piperacillin/sulbactam,piperacillin,amikacin,ceftazidime,tobramycin,cefepime,ciprofloxacin,ceftriaxone,gentimicin,aztreonam and cefotaxime were 82.2%,74.94%,69.92%,64.87%,59.95%,52.93%,49.88%,49.65%,44.50%,41.92%,38.17%,and 35.60%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa isolated from ICU of our hospital is suscepitable to imipenem,piperacillin/sulbactam,piperacillin,amikacin and the cephalosporins,but show lower susceptibility to other antibiotics.