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Background: This hospital-based study aimed to evaluate the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) score’s performance in predicting severity and mortality risk in pediatric pneumonia patients in a developing nation. Methods: The study included 200 children under 5 years of age who were admitted to the ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and did not have documented congenital heart disease, chronic respiratory illness, congenital lung problems, immunosuppressive conditions, or known neuromuscular disorder with respiratory system involvement. The RISC score was determined, and its correlation with chest x-ray score, mortality, and PICU admission was calculated for assessing the severity of pneumonia. Results: The study found that the RISC score is a potentially useful tool for predicting severity and mortality risk in pediatric pneumonia patients. Conclusions: The findings may contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable scoring systems to guide appropriate treatment and improve outcomes in pediatric pneumonia patients.
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Background: This hospital-based study aimed to evaluate the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) score’s performance in predicting severity and mortality risk in pediatric pneumonia patients in a developing nation. Methods: The study included 200 children under 5 years of age who were admitted to the ward and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and did not have documented congenital heart disease, chronic respiratory illness, congenital lung problems, immunosuppressive conditions, or known neuromuscular disorder with respiratory system involvement. The RISC score was determined, and its correlation with chest x-ray score, mortality, and PICU admission was calculated for assessing the severity of pneumonia. Results: The study found that the RISC score is a potentially useful tool for predicting severity and mortality risk in pediatric pneumonia patients. Conclusions: The findings may contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable scoring systems to guide appropriate treatment and improve outcomes in pediatric pneumonia patients.
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Resumen: Introducción: a través de los índices de oxigenación valoramos la función del sistema respiratorio de oxigenación y ventilación. Objetivo: determinar el valor de los índices de oxigenación como factor de pronóstico para el desenlace en neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo, analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes > 18 años con diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 entre el 01 junio y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se clasificó a los pacientes de acuerdo al desenlace: sobreviviente o no sobreviviente. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas de acuerdo al caso, se construyeron curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) para determinar los puntos de corte de los gases arteriales con la mejor sensibilidad y especificidad y se determinó el área bajo la curva (ABC) para el desenlace fatal. Resultados: se incluyeron 175 pacientes, 70.3% correspondió al sexo masculino, la media de edad fue de 56 años (rango intercuartil 45-64). El grupo de sobrevivientes incluyó 51 pacientes y el grupo de no sobrevivientes 124 pacientes. Al analizar los gases arteriales al momento de ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos sobresale la PaO2/FiO2 de 100 mmHg y el índice respiratorio (IR) > 2.4 con un ABC de 0.694 y 0.722 respectivamente. A las 96 horas de ingreso destaca PaO2/FiO2 de 145 mmHg, el IR >3 y la PaO2/PAO2 de 0.22 con un ABC de 0.846, 0.840 y 0.842 respectivamente. Conclusión: los gases arteriales medidos a las 96 horas de ingreso a la UCI son marcadores pronósticos para el desenlace fatal en la neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract: Introduction: oxygenation indices we assess the function of the respiratory system of oxygenation and ventilation. Objective: to determine the value of arterial gases as a prognostic factor for the outcome of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Material and methods: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, analytical study. We included patients > 18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between 1 June and 31 December 2020. Patients were classified according to outcome: survivor or non-survivor. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests were used according to the case, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) curves were constructed to determine the cut-off points of arterial gases with the best sensitivity and specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) for the fatal outcome was determined. Results: we included 175 patients, 70.3% corresponded to the male sex, the mean age was 56 years (interquartile range 45-64). The survivor group included 51 patients and the non-survivor group 124 patients. When analyzing arterial gases at the time of admission to the ICU, paO2/FiO2 of 100 mmHg and respiratory index (RI) > 2.4 with ABC 0.694 and 0.722 respectively. At 96 hours of admission, PaO2/FiO2 of 145 mmHg stands out, the RI > 3 and the DA-aO2 of 0.22 with ABC 0.846, 0.840 and 0.842 respectively. Conclusion: arterial blood gases measured at 96 hours of ICU admission are prognostic markers for fatal outcome in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Resumo: Introdução: através dos índices de oxigenação avaliamos a função do sistema respiratório de oxigenação e ventilação. Objetivo: determinar o valor dos índices de oxigenação como fator prognóstico para o desfecho em pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo, analítico. Icluíram-se pacientes com mais de 18 anos de idade diagnosticados com pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2 entre 1º de junho e 31 de dezembro de 2020. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o desfecho: sobreviventes ou não sobreviventes. Foram usadas estatística descritiva e testes paramétricos e não paramétricos de acordo com o caso, foram construídas curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) para determinar os pontos de corte da gasometria arterial com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade e determinou-se a área sob a curva (ABC) para o desfecho fatal. Resultados: incluíram-se 175 pacientes, 70.3% eram do sexo masculino, a média de idade foi de 56 anos (rango interquartil 45-64). O grupo sobrevivente incluiu 51 pacientes e o grupo não sobrevivente 124 pacientes. Na análise dos gases arteriais no momento da admissão na UTI, destacam-se a PaO2/FiO2 de 100 mmHg e o índice respiratório (IR) > 2.4 com AUC 0.694 e 0.722 respectivamente. Às 96 horas de internamento destaca-se PaO2/FiO2 145 mmHg, IR > 3 e PaO2/PAO2 de 0.22 com ABC 0.846, 0.840 e 0.842 respetivamente. Conclusão: os gases sanguíneos arteriais medidos 96 horas após a admissão na UTI são marcadores prognósticos para desfecho fatal em pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2.
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Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) on hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) in rats and provide a theoretical basis for HALI gene therapy. Methods One hundred and sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups with number table:hyperoxia control group, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) group, blank virus group and miRNA-21-5p group (each, n = 40). The rats in hyperoxia control group were fed directly in the hyperoxia box (oxygen concentration > 90%); in the other three groups, 200 μL PBS, 200μL slow virus and 200μL miRNA-21-5p slow virus were dropped into the nose respectively, and then they were fed in the hyperoxia box. The rats were exposed to hyperoxia in the boxes for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours in all the groups, and at each time point, 10 rats were taken randomly from each group to perform arterial blood-gas analysis, calculate oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI). Afterwards the rats were sacrificed by blood-letting from carotid artery under intra-peritoneal anesthesia, and the lung tissues were obtained to measure the left lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, hemotoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was made and the pathological changes of the right lung were observed under light microscope and the pathological score was measured. Results At 0 hour, the OI, RI, lung W/D ratio and the lung tissue pathology score in rats with hyperoxic injury had no statistically significant differences among the four groups (all P>0.05). With the extension of time, the level of OI was gradually reduced, and the levels of RI, pathologic score and W/D ratio of lung tissues were gradually increased. Compared with the hyperoxia control group, in miRNA-21-5p group, the levels of OI were increased significantly at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the exposure to hyperoxia [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 24 hours 358.10±29.25 vs. 306.19±37.23, 48 hours 336.67±29.27 vs. 269.70±29.00, 72 hours 323.81±19.05 vs. 203.81±43.40, all P 0.05). Under the optical microscope, along with the prolongation of exposure to hyperoxia, the structure of alveoli was gradually disturbed, their walls fractured and damaged, alveolar septa widened, edematous, infiltrated with inflammatory cells and in part of the rats a small amount of red blood cell exudates could be seen, but the degree of lung pathological injury in miRNA-21-5p group was much milder than that of the other groups. Conclusion The rat persistently exposed to hyperoxia for 24 hours can establish the rat model of HALI successfully, and the miRNA-21-5p can protect the lung tissue from the damage to some degrees in HALI rats.
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Objective To observe the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and Biphase positive airway pressure (BIPAP) on the oxygen exchange indexes in newborns with mild to moderate neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Methods After infusion of pulmonary suffactant into lung bilaterally,116 cases with mild to moderate NRDS were treated with nCPAP(nCPAP group,n =75) and BIPAP(BIPAP group,n =41) respectively.Oxygen exchange indexes including arterial partial pressure of oxygen [pa (O2)],modified oxygenation index (P/F),alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2),respiratory index (RI),artery/alveolar oxygen partial pressure ratio[pa (O2)/pA (O2)] and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) were measured or calculated at 0 (before treatment),2,8 and 24 h after being treated with nCPAP or BIPAP.Results Six different oxygen exchange indexes of Pa (O2),P/F,A-aDO2,RI,pa (O2)/pA(O2) and Qs/Qt in both groups didn't show statistical significance at 0 hour:pa(O2) (kPa) (6.1 ±0.6 vs 6.1 ±0.6,t =0.11,P ＞0.05),P/F(kPa) (15.59 ± 1.45 vs 15.71 ± 1.45,t =1.59,P ＞ 0.05),A-aDO2(kPa)(6.04 ±0.64 vs 6.24 ±0.69,t =1.59,P ＞0.05),RI(6.0 ± 1.0 vs 6.2 ± 1.1,t =1.35,P ＞ 0.05),p,(O2)/pA(O2) (0.24 ±0.02 vs 0.25 ±0.03,t =1.63,P ＞0.05)and Qs/Qt(％)(11.9±1.6 vs 11.6 ± 1.6,t =1.10,P ＞ 0.05).A-aDO2,RI,pa (O2)/pA (O2) and Qs/Qt of BIPAP group had more improvement than those of nCPAP at 2 and 24 h,and oxygen exchange indexes at 2 h of BIPAP group and those of nCPAP group were:A-aDO2 (kPa) (3.83 ±0.49 vs 4.24 ± 0.67,t =18.26,P ＜ 0.05),RI(2.7 ± 0.5 vs 3.3 ±0.7,t =20.59,P ＜ 0.05),p,(O2)/pA(O2) (0.35 ±0.03 vs 0.32 ±0.04,t =15.35,P ＜0.05) and Qs/Qt(％) (8.8 ± 1.6 vs 9.8 ±2.0,t =7.68,P ＜ 0.05) ; 24 h indexes in BIPAP group and the indexes of nCPAP group were:A-aDO2 (kPa) (2.29 ± 1.19 vs 3.07 ± 1.67,t=18.43,P ＜0.05),RI(1.4 ±1.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.6,t=25.02,P ＜0.05),pa(O2)/pA(O2) (0.49 ±0.10 vs 0.42 ±0.11,t =14.96,P ＜0.05) and Qs/Qt(％) (6.5 ±3.0 vs 8.5 ±4.4,t =9.59,P ＜0.05).pa(O2) and P/F of both groups didn't show statistical difference significantly [Pa (O2)(kPa) (12.6 ± 1.0 vs 12.7 ± 1.0,t =3.76,P ＞ 0.05),P/F(28.49 ± 3.17 vs 31.85 ± 2.85,t =3.76.P ＞ 0.05)].Nineteen cases in nCPAP group needed invasive mechanical ventilation,and only 3 cases in BIPAP group underwent the procedure;there was a significant difference (x2 =4.01,P ＜ 0.05).Oxygen exchange indexes in both groups were gradually improved from 2 h,8 h to 24 h,but 22 deteriorated cases showed no improvement,who underwent invasive ventilation.Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) positive airway pressure (EPAP) was (0.42 ± 0.19) kPa in BIPAP group,and (0.56 ± 0.23) kPa in nCPAP group (t =3.45,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions 1.BIPAP and nCPAP can improve the ability of oxygen exchange in newborns with mild to moderate NRDS,but BIPAP is more effective than nCPAP,which can shorten the possibility of invasive ventilation and reduce the PEEP level.2.p,(O2),P/F,pa (O2)/pA (O2) and RI may be more suitable for evaluating oxygen exchange for neonatal NRDS.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of respiratory mechanics in neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).MethodsAccording to prognosis,55 newborns with NRDS who had been treated with pulmonary surfactant in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008 were divided into 2 groups:44 newborns in survival group and 11 newborns in death group.The dynamical changes of compliance of the respiratory system (Crs),respiratory index (RI) and PA-a O2 were measured during mechanical ventilation.ResultsAt 6 h after mechanic ventilation,there were significant differences in Crs,PA-a O2,OI and RI between the survival group and the death group (t=6.871,-6.450,-10.316,-8.815,P＜0.05 ).In the survival group,RI,PA-aO2 and OI decreased with the time of ventilation,and there were significant differences among the different time point ( F=215.56,147.85,384.64,P＜0.05).In thesurvival group,Crs increased with the time of ventilation,and there were significant differences among the different time point ( F=292,P＜0.05).In the death group,RI,PA-aO2 and OI increased respectively just before dying than at 6 h after mechanic ventilation (t=-5.699,-5.578,-6.924,P＜0.05 ).In the death group,Crs decreased respectively just before dying than at 6 h after mechanic ventilation (t=11.767,P＜0.05 ).Crs was negative correlated with OI,RI and PA-aO2 (r=-0.813,-0.800,-0.859,P＜0.05 ).ConclusionMonitoring in NRDS children's dynamic changes of Crs,RI,OI,PA-a O2 can help observing effect of treatment,guiding ventilator treatment,grasping the opportunity and assessing the prognosis offline in NRDS.
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@#BACKGROUND: High-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) is technically possible in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Continuous HVHF is expected to become a beneficial adjunct therapy for SAP complicated with MODS. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of fluid resuscitation and HVHF on alveolar-arterial oxygen exchange, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score in patients with refractory septic shock. METHODS: A total of 89 refractory septic shock patients, who were admitted to ICU, the Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University from August 2006 to December 2009, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: fluid resuscitation (group A, n=41), and fluid resuscitation plus high-volume hemofiltration (group B, n=48). The levels of O2 content of central venous blood (CcvO2), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference P(A-a)DO2, ratio of arterial oxygen pressure/alveolar oxygen pressure (PaO2/PAO2), respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were determined. The oxygen exchange levels of the two groups were examined based on the arterial blood gas analysis at different times (0, 24, 72 hours and 7 days of treatment) in the two groups. The APACHE II score was calculated before and after 7-day treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: The levels of CcvO2, CaO2 on day 7 in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (CcvO2: 0.60±0.24 vs. 0.72±0.28, P<0.05; CaO2: 0.84±0.43 vs. 0.94±0.46, P<0.05). The level of oxygen extraction rate (O2ER) in group A on the 7th day was significantly higher than that in group B ( 28.7±2.4 vs. 21.7±3.4, P<0.01). The levels of P(A-a)DO2 and RI in group B on the 7th day were significantly lower than those in group A. The levels of PaO2/PAO2 and OI in group B on 7th day were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The APACHE II score in the two groups reduced gradually after 7-day treatment, and the APACHE II score on the 7th day in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (8.2±3.8 vs. 17.2±6.8, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HVHF combined with fluid resuscitation can improve alveolar- arterial-oxygen exchange, decrease the APACHE II score in patients with refractory septic shock, and thus it increases the survival rate of patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of fluid resuscitation and large-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on the Alveolar-arterial oxygen exchange in patients with refractory septic shock. Method A total of 89 intensive care patients with refractory septic shock treated with fluid resuscitation and/or HVHF were enrolled between August 2006 and December 2009. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, patients were treated with fluid resuscitation, n = 41 cases) and in group B, patients were treated with large-volume hemofiltration and fluid resuscitation, n =48). The O2 content of central venous blood(CcvO2), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), Alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (P(A-a)DO2), the ratio of arterial oxygen pressure/alveolar oxygen pressure (PaO2/PAO2), respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were checked. The levels of oxygen exchange in two groups were detected by arterial blood gas analysis before treatnent, 24 hour, 72 hour and 7 days after treatment. The APACHE Ⅱ scores in patients with refractory septic shock were measured before and the 7th day after treatment with HVHF and/or fluid resuscitation respectively. Data were analyzed by using t -test and chi-square test to compare the differences and ratio between two groups and were expressed in mean ± standard deviation, and the analysis of variance was done with SPSS version 12.0 software. Results ① The differences in CcvO2 and CaO2 between two groups were[(0.60±0.24) vs. (0.72±-0.28), P ＜0.05 and (0.84±0.43) vs. (0.94±0.46), P ＜0.05]; and the oxygen extraction rates (O2ER) were significantly different between two groups [(28.7±2.4) vs. (21.7±3.4), P<0.01];② The levels of P(A-a)DO2、ratio of PaO2/PAO2、RI and OI in group B were reduced more significantly than in group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01);③The APACHE Ⅱ scores in both groups were gradually reduced after treatment for 7 days, and the APACHE Ⅱscore in group B on the 7th day of treatment were lower than that in group A[(17.2 ± 6.8) vs. (8.2 ± 3.8), P ＜ 0.01]. Conclusions Fluid resuscitation and HVHF could improve alveolar-arterial-oxygen exchange in patients with refractory septic shock, and at the same time decreased the APACHE Ⅱ scores, improving the survival rate of patients.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of respiratory index(RI) and oxygenation index(OI)dynamic monitoring in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) during mchanical ventilation.Methods According to prognosis,24 newborns with NRDS who had not be treated with pulmonary surfactant in NICU of Chengdu maternal and child health hospital from Dec.2006 to Nov.2007 were divided into 2 groups.There were 16 newborns in survival group and 8 newborns in death group.The changes of RI,OI,p(A-a)(O2) and pa(O2) were stu-died at 2,24,48 h after using of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and before ventilation weaning.Results In the early periods,there were significant differences in RI,OI and p(A-a)(O2) between the survival group and the death group(t=2.47,2.62,3.01 Pa