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In the new or variant acute respiratory infectious diseases, as a result of the not fully discovered ways to control the infection as well as the not fully defined pathogenicity of pathogens, there is still a greater risk of infection for the laboratory front-line staff who are in close contact with pathogen samples. Therefore, the psychological status, biological safety, and work quality of the interns in the laboratory are also main concerns of the teaching hospitals in the epidemic prevention and control work. In view of the problems exposed in the epidemic situation of viral respiratory infectious diseases, this paper analyzes the influence of the whole process of the test on the test results and carries out the process control, aiming at enhancing the interns' ability to resist pressure, improving the students' awareness of biological safety, promoting the interns' comprehensive analysis ability and the formation of clinical critical thinking, and providing reference for the training qualified medical laboratory professionals.
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Objective To design a mobile container-based negative pressure chamber compatible with kinds of carriers to isolate and treat patients with respiratory infectious diseases.Methods A negative pressure chamber with standard container sizes was developed whose enclosure structure involved in 2 mm-thick galvanized steel plate,10 mm-thick high-performance thermal isolation polyurethane foam board,2 mm-thick galvanized steel plate and 10 mm-thick integral inner panel.There were three functional areas included in the chamber for clean office area,semi-polluted passage and polluted ward with toilet.Negative pressure differences between the functional areas were generated by full DC air supply and exhaust system to form directional air flow in the chamber.The patient's exhaled air was purified before emission with the high-efficiency particulate air filtration system.The negative pressure chamber was equipped with a portable life monitoring and support device,a remote consultation and guidance system,a water and electricity support system and etc.Results Air quality tests showed that the negative pressure chamber met the national standards in air cleanliness,static pressure difference,number of dust particles,settled bacteria,microorganisms on the surface of the object and etc.Conclusion The negative pressure chamber compatible with kinds of carriers can be used for the isolation and emergency treatment of patients with respiratory infectious diseases and the long-distance transport of critically ill patients.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(9):24-28]
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence supporting vitamin C and D medication in the treatment and prevention of acute viral respiratory infectious disease, and to provide evidence for clinical rational medication and potential treatment option for COVID-19 especially. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved from inception to February 13, 2020, and the references in the reviews and those not included in the database were manually retrieved. RESULTS: Eight literatures were included finally. In terms of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, none literature about vitamin C and D medication was available. In terms of influenza, one prospective controlled trial proved vitamin C's efficacy. For vitamin D in influenza, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial proved its efficacy, while three randomized controlled trials showed no efficacy. Additionally, one case-control study showed no statistical association between vitamin D level and the risk of influenza, and one randomized controlled trial showed no significant difference between high-dose and standard-dose vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION: Currently, no evidence supports the effectiveness of vitamin C and D medication in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, MERS and SARS. However, limited evidence supports potential benefit of vitamin C and D medication in influenza. Physicians and pharmacists should take relevant clinical practice guidelines and supporting evidence into consideration when using vitamin C or D (especially high-dose medication), and pay attention to monitoring drug adverse reactions and drug interactions.
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Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infectious disease first reported in Wuhan, China, with subsequent spread worldwide. Except for a professional medical team sending to the affected area, fever clinics, fever wards, as well as expert groups were set up by Jinling hospital at the first time. Meanwhile, a pneumonia pre-ward was established according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control. To date, a total of 22 pneumonia patients negative for COVID-19 nucleic acid test have been treated in this pneumonia pre-ward, of which 6 are still under treatment, 16 are cured and discharged, with the medical staff free from infection. This article discusses the application and value of pneumonia pre-ward in COVID-19 from aspects of ward setting and management, work flow, treated cases, experience in diagnosis and treatment, etc.
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Purpose] To detect respiratory virus antigen by direct immunofluorescence method and provide evidence for early diagnosis of children with viral infection of the respiratory tract disease.[Methods] Select 398 cases of respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children, pharynx in exfoliated cells in respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence(RSV), adenovirus(ADV), influenza virus type A(IFVA),influenza virus type B(IFVB), parainfluenza virus type 1(PIV1), parainfluenza virus type 2(PIV2) and parainflue-Nza virus type 3(PIV3) of 7 common viral antigens were detected, and carried on statistics analysis.[Results] In 398 cases of children with respiratory tract infection, 91 cases were positive, the positive rate was 22.86%. The highest for respiratory syncytial virus in 37 cases(40.66%) followed by parainfluenza virus type 3 in 19 cases(20.88%), influenza virus type B in 14 cases(15.38%); The positive rates of acute tonsillitis, capillary bronchitis, pneumonia, acute bronchitis and upper respiratory were 46.67%(14/30),40.00%(20/50), 26.67%(40/150), 18.42%(7/38), 7.69%(10/130) respectively; With the growth of age, the respiratory tract virus infection rate gradually decreased(P<0.05), one year old the viral infection rate was 76.92%;it occurred in the winter season of respiratory tract infection in children .[Conclusion] The main virus in children with acute respiratory infection in the local area is RSV. Virus infection decreases with the increase of age, treatment should be careful in the use of antibiotics.
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Introducción : El virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) es el patógenos más común como causa de infecciones de vías respiratorias bajas en infantes y es causante de hasta un 45% de las infecciones nosocomiales cada año. El 23 de agosto de 2011 la Dirección Médica del Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo De Obaldía (HJDDO) reportó 6 casos de IVRB de origen nosocomial por VSR en la sala de neonatología, al jefe del departamento de salud pública y epidemiología del MINSA ( Ministerio de Salud) de la región de Chiriquí. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, de pacientes que fueron reportados con IVRB nosocomial por VSR en la sala de neonatología del HJDDO, en Chiriquí, Panamá, entre el 15 de agosto al 15 de septiembre de 2011. Se establecieron las definiciones de caso, se revisaron expedientes clínicos, fichas de notificación y se procesaron muestras de hisopeados nasofaríngeo por medio de inmunofluorescencia directa. Resultados: Hubo 273 pacientes hospitalizados en la sala de neonatología del HJDDO , durante el periodo estudiado. Se detectaron 19 casos de IVRB nosocomial por VSR, para una tasa de ataque de 69,6 casos por cada 1,000 pacientes hospitalizados. Se obtuvo una media de edad gestacional de 35 semanas. Discusión : En otros estudios se observó una tasa de ataque de 0.46 por cada 1,000 casos, más baja que la encontrada en nuestra investigación . Concluimos que la forma de presentación de este tipo de infección es variable con respecto a los estudios con los que se comparó
Introduction : Syncytial respiratory virus (SRV)is the most common pathogen identified in lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in infants, and it produces almost 45% nosocomial infectious diseases every year. On August 23th 2011, Medical Direction of Hospital Materno Infantil José Domingo De Obaldía ( HJDDO), reported to Public Health and Epidemiology Department of Health Secretary at Chiriquí, Panamá, six cases of nosocomial lower respiratory tract disease by SRV at neonatology room of this hospital. Materials and methods: It was made a serial cases study of patients reported with nosocomial SRV lower respiratory tract disease at the neonatology ward of HJDDO, in Chiriquí, Panama, between August 15th to September 15, 2011. There were established case definitions, we check the clinical files, notifications cards and nasopharyngeal washings was analyzed by direct immunofluorescent methods. Results: There were 273 patients at Neonatology ward during this period. Nineteen had nosocomial lower respiratory tract disease by SVR with attack rate of 69,9 per 1000 hospitalized patients. The media of gestational age was 35 weeks. Conclusions: Others studies had an attack rate of 0.46 per 1000 patients, lower that our attack rate. We concluded that this diseases had different ways of presentation respect others studies that we reviewed.
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Objective To find out the data sources of respiratory syndromes and their components from the outpatients of general hospitals and to describe the time distribution and mutual relations of different respiratory syndromes. Feasibility of respiratory syndromes used for early warning surveillance on respiratory infectious disease was also under research. Methods Retrospective investigation on Hospital Information System (HIS) was implemented in a general hospital in Guangzhou, 2005, and data of outpatients was collected and classified into different syndromes. The respiratory syndromes with its time distribution similar to influenza like illness (ILI),were selected, and cross-correlation analyses were conducted to inveshgate the feasibility of respiratory syndromes for early warning surveillance on respiratory infection diseases (influenza as an example). Results Primary sub-classification of respiratory syndromes in outpatient department would include upper respiratory infection(URI)(51.20%), trachitis/bronchitis (18.80%), asthma ( 17.52% ), etc. Pulmonary infection accounted for only 2.26%. Time distributions of URI, trachitis/bronchitis, pulmonary infection, cough and asthma in outpatient department, X-ray tests and pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDSs) in outpatient X-ray room were similar, with two peaks observed. Cross-correlation functions were calculated with the data sets of 1st-28th week.The most significant correlation was detected between the time series of outpatient pulmonary infections and ILIs moved 4 weeks backward (r＝0.739, P＜0.01 ), and that was detected between URIs and ILIs moved 5 weeks backward (r=0.714, P＜0.01 ). Correlation between X-ray tests,pneumonia/ARDSs in outpatient X-ray room and ILIs was the strongest when ILIs time series moved 1 week backward (r=0.858, P＜0.001; r=0.821, P＜0.001 ). Conclusion Outpatient data from HIS system in general hospital could be applied to syndromic surveillance on respiratory diseases. For early warning epidemics or outbreaks of influenza or other respiratory infectious diseases, data of outpatient pulmonary infection appeared to be the most feasible for its specificity and timeliness, followed by URI and cough. X-ray tests and pneumonia/ARDSs in outpatient X-ray findings were important supplementary to verify the respiratory disease epidemics or outbreaks for its good specificity, but with no advantage for early warning.
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As doenças respiratórias são responsáveis pela maioria dos atendimentos em salas de emergência, internações hospitalares e admissões em unidades de terapia intensiva, representando importante problema de saúde pública para qualquer população, por sua elevada demanda, pelos altos custos e pelo uso, muitas vezes, indiscriminado de antimicrobianos. Recém-nascidos prematuros, por suas próprias características físicas, nutricionais e imunitárias, apresentam maior morbidade e mortalidade associadas a essas infecções. Com o crescente aumento no número de partos prematuros, associado à maior sobrevida desses pré-termos, cada vez mais extremos, estratégias de prevenção de infecções respiratórias nesse grupo de pacientes se tornam fundamentais, a fim de se garantir a saúde dessa população, inclusive a longo prazo.Este artigo procura discutir aspectos próprios dos prematuros, suas características imunológicas, as doenças respiratórias mais freqüentes, os principais agentes virais e bacterianos envolvidos, além de abordar aspectos de sua prevenção.