Fundamentos moleculares de la exclusión competitiva durante la coinfección de virus respiratorios: a propósito del COVID-19 / Molecular foundations of competitive exclusion during coinfection of respiratory viruses: about COVID-19

Introducción: La idea de exclusión competitiva es indiscutible cuando se trata de animales y bacterias que intentan ocupar el mismo nicho ecológico, pero su aplicación a la coinfección viral no es tan sencilla de interpretar. La interferencia viral es un fenómeno en el que un virus suprime competitivamente la replicación de otros virus coinfectantes y es el resultado más común de las coinfecciones virales. Objetivo: Comprender mejor el comportamiento de las infecciones respiratorias concomitantes en escenarios de brotes comunitarios y de forma individual en entornos hospitalarios e individuos con comorbilidades. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de información en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed, SciELO y LILACS. También se consideraron artículos publicados en el repositorio de preimpresión medRxiv y los informes de los Centros para el Control y Prevención de enfermedades de los Estados Unidos de América. Mediante el gestor de referencias Mendeley, se eliminaron los duplicados y aquellos que no se ajustaban al objetivo del estudio, seleccionando 48 artículos para la revisión. Análisis y síntesis de la in formación: En la literatura científica se encontró evidencia que sustenta la exclusión competitiva viral entre virus relacionados que comparten células susceptibles y permisivas. Conclusión: La exclusión competitiva impide que dos virus que comparten rutas de transmisión similares y el mismo órgano diana, infecten no sólo al mismo tiempo, sino que también se propaguen con éxito. Por lo tanto, la sindemia producida por virus que comparten estas características podría ser un evento improbable(AU)

Introduction: The idea of competitive exclusion is undisputed when it comes to animals and bacteria trying to occupy the same ecological niche, but its application to viral coinfection is not so simple to interpret. Viral interference is a phenomenon in which one virus competitively suppresses the replication of other co-infecting viruses and is the most common outcome of viral co-infections. Objective: To better understand the behavior of concomitant respiratory infections in community outbreak settings and individually in hospital settings and individuals with comorbidities. Methods: A search for information was performed in the MEDLINE / PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Articles published in the preprint repository medRxiv and reports from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were also considered. Using the Mendeley reference manager, duplicates and those that did not fit the study objective were eliminated, selecting 48 articles for the review. Analysis and synthesis of information: Evidence supporting viral competitive exclusion between related viruses sharing susceptible and permissive cells was found in the scientific literature. Conclusion: Competitive exclusion prevents two viruses that share similar transmission routes and the same target organ from infecting not only at the same time, but also from spreading successfully. Therefore, syndemia produced by viruses sharing these characteristics could be an unlikely event(AU)

Detection of DNA virus in respiratory samples of children by multiplex PCR combined with RDB / 中国医师杂志

Objective To develop multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with reversedotblothy bridization (RDB) method for detection of DNA virus in respiratory samples,and provide a surveillance and rapid diagnosis tool of acute viral respiratory infection.Methods We designed multiple PCR primers and the probes referenced to virus nucleic acid sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database,and fixed specific oligonucleotide probes on the nylon membrane.After multiple PCR amplification of virus DNA of human bocavirus (hBOV),karolinska Institutet (KI),adenovirus (AdV),Washington University polyomaviros (WUPyV),and human parvovirus B19 (HPVBI9),the denaturalized amplification products were hybridized with various specific probes,followed by visualization and analysis of the results.The sensitivity and specificity were tested.At the same time,108 cases of clinical specimens of multiple PCR products were analyzed by reverse spot hybridization detection,and compared to the results of culture method.Results The specific probes of multiple PCR-RDB only hybridized with corresponding amplification products without cross-hybridization reaction with other pathogen.The sensitivity of RDB hybridization was 1 colony-forming units (CFU).The positive rate of 34.26％ (37 cases out of 108 cases) with PCR-RDB method was significandy higher than that 27.78％ (30 cases out of 108 cases) with common test method.Conclusions The multiplex PCR combined with RDB might become a rapid and simple method to detect the DNA virus in respiratory samples,which might be a promising tool for clinical application.