RESUMEN
Paclitaxel is the first-line chemotherapy drug for a variety of cancers. However， the paclitaxel resistance greatly reduced the efficacy in the later treatment stage， which seriously increased the mortality and recurrence rate of cancer and limited the clinical application of paclitaxel. At present， Chinese medicine compound prescription， proprietary Chinese medicine， and Chinese medicine injection are widely used as the adjuvant chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of cancer in clinic. Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in improving the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and the prognosis of chemotherapy， and reducing the toxic and side effects. However， the specific mechanism and effective monomer composition of Chinese medicine for reversing the resistance of chemotherapy drugs are unclear， and the application of Chinese medicine in different types of cancer is also limited， which are worthy of further exploration. This review summarized the composition of Chinese medicine monomer with synergistic antitumor effect combined with paclitaxel in recent years. The specific mechanism and pharmacological activities of Chinese medicine monomer reversing paclitaxel resistance were classified. This review found that through acting on the membrane transport protein， Chinese medicine monomer promoted the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor cells， inhibited the expressions of protein and metabolic enzyme related to multidrug resistance and the metabolism of paclitaxel， and regulated the levels of apoptosis genes and factors and apoptosis-related pathways to promote the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on cell proliferation. Chinese medicine monomer also significantly improved paclitaxel chemotherapy sensitivity by regulating the expression levels of micro ribonucleic acid （microRNA） and long non-coding ribonucleic acid RNA （lncRNA）， inhibiting the characteristics of tumor stem cells and tumor metabolic reprogramming， improving tumor microenvironment， and triggering tumor cell death autophagy and oxidative stress response. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the specific anti-tumor mechanism of Chinese medicine monomer combined with paclitaxel， which is of great significance for the development of new Chinese medicine and the clinical research of the drugs combined with paclitaxel， and has certain value for the application of Chinese medicine combined with other chemotherapy drugs.
RESUMEN
Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs are a kind of chemotherapeutic drugs that directly kill or inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, and it is one of the main drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors. These drugs may have toxic side effects on normal cells of human body (especially those with strong division and proliferation) when they are used to kill tumor cells. And patients may usually have adverse reactions even at a normal dose when using this kind of drugs. Due to the strong toxic side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, their clinical application is limited. In recent years it has been found that aminopeptidase N inhibitor Ubenimex has a significant synergistic effect with anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutic drugs, which has the advantages of enhancing the therapeutic effect of drugs and reducing the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This review enumerates that the combination of Ubenimex and a variety of cytotoxic drugs can enhance the anti-tumor effect of cytotoxic drugs and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. In addition, the mechanism of combined use of Ubenimex in reversing drug resistance is also introduced. At the same time, is is further confirmed the clinical value of Ubenimex as an effective adjuvant in the treatment of malignant tumors, so as to provide a basis for clinical application.
RESUMEN
Arsenic trioxide, a mineral drug of Chinese medicine material medica with significant therapeutic effect, has been approved by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In recent years, it has also been found to have a great therapeutic effect on the treatment of solid tumors. The anti-tumor mechanisms mainly include promoting apoptosis, inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway, reversing drug resistance and inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the poor targeting ability in vivo, the rapid renal clearance rate, and the toxic and side effects of high dose on normal tissues of arsenic trioxide limit the application and clinical transformation for the treatment of solid tumor. On the basis of traditional nanoparticles, the novel drug delivery system improves the drug aggregation, controlling-release and diagnosis in tumor sites, which is of great significance in accurate treatment, improvement of bioavailability and reduction of toxic and side effects. Research progress on anti-tumor mechanisms of arsenic trioxide and its drug delivery system in recent years was summarized and analyzed in this paper, in order to provide ideas for the in-depth research and clinical application of arsenic trioxide.