Prediction of vault after implantable collamer lens implantation and its research progress / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia is considered to be a disease occurred under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, and it can only be restored by corrective surgeries. The current surgical methods include laser surgeries and phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)implantation, and PIOL has the advantages of wide range of correction, repeatable procession and small damage to corneal tissue. Furthermore, good visual acuity can be achieved after implantation of intraocular lens. Implantable collamer lens(ICL)is the most common surgical method in this group. The vertical distance between the highest point of the posterior central surface of the implanted lens and the anterior surface of the crystalline lens is called vault. It will cause serious complications if the vault turns out to be abnormal. Up to now, there is no optimal prediction method. This research focuses on vault, discusses the ideal range of postoperative vault, the safety and effectiveness of this surgery, and analyzes the existing prediction methods to provide directions for future clinical research.

The establishment and validation of the Chinese version of SARC-F scale for sarcopenia screening among elderly population: a multicenter study / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To establish the Chinese version of (strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs and falls, SARC-F) scale using the standardized methods and to validate the reliability and validity for sarcopenia screening among elderly population.Methods:Following the recommended procedure by World Health Organization and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society Sarcopenia Special Interest Group, the translation process included forward translation, expert panel, back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing to generate the final version. In the pilot study, the test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency of the Chinese version of SARC-F scale were assessed. In the diagnostic test for clinical validation, the participants were consecutively recruited from communities and hospitals in Beijing and Tianjin between December 2021 and October 2022. The scale administration, anthropometry, and body composition measurement were conducted by trained investigators. Participants with the SARC-F score ≥ 4 were considered at risk of sarcopenia. Diagnostic tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed against the definitions of sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS2019), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the area under curve were displayed.Results:The Chinese version of SARC-F scale was approved by the author that the translation has expressed the original meaning correctly. The Chinese version of SARC-F had good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.914), inter-rater reliability ( r = 0.726), and internal consistency ( α = 0.729). There were altogether 1 882 participants included in the clinical validation. According to the diagnostic criteria of EWGSOP2 and AWGS2019, the Chinese version of SARC-F scale had low sensitivity (13.6% and 16.0%) and positive predictive value (44.6% and 35.4%), high specificity (95.1% and 94.7%) and negative predictive value (79.0% and 86.2%), and moderate AUC of 0.619 and 0.616 (all P < 0.001) for sarcopenia screening. Conclusions:The Chinese version of SARC-F scale was of good reliability and validity. The application of SARC-F in the primary healthcare settings would contribute to the early diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Biofeedback training can significantly improve dysphagia among stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of combining surface electromyography biofeedback with intensive pharyngeal ascending e-biofeedback training on dysphagia among stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a biofeedback group, a pharyngeal ascending group and a combination group, each of 20. In addition to routine swallowing training, the biofeedback group received 20 minutes of surface electromyographic biofeedback training daily while the pharyngeal ascending group did pharyngeal rising reinforcement training based on biofeedback for strength and skill training (BiSSkiT) theory. The combination group was given both. Before and after 4 weeks of the interventions, videofluoroscopy was used to evaluate everyone′s swallowing. The Swallowing Function Assessment Scale (SSA) and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) were also applied.Results:Significant improvement was observed in all 3 groups in terms of their average VFSS, SSA and DOSS scores. The average videofluoroscopy, SSA and DOSS results of the combination group were then significantly better than the other two groups′ averages, and those of the pharyngeal ascending group were significantly superior to those of the biofeedback group.Conclusion:Combining intensive pharyngeal ascending electronic biofeedback training with surface EMG biofeedback can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke survivors.

Pharmacopuncture with a low dosage of B complex vitamins in the Da Zhui acupoint (Governing Vessel 14) for controlling gastrointestinal parasitism in periparturient ewes / Farmacopuntura com dose baixa de vitaminas do complexo B no acuponto Da Zhui (Vaso Governador 14) para o controle da parasitose gastrintestinal em ovelhas no periparto

Gastrointestinal parasites are a significant challenge in sheep farming, and periparturient ewes are one of the most susceptible categories in sheep flocks. This study aimed to verify whether the injection of B vitamins at the acupuncture point governing vessel 14 (GV14) can influence the parasitic load or host-parasite interaction in naturally infected ewes during the peripartum period. Four weeks before parturition, 25 ewes were divided into five treatment groups: (1) Dose Control: 0.2 mL of B complex via IM; (2) Drug Control: 2 mL Complex B via IM; (3) Acupoint Control: 0.2 mL of Water at GV14 point; (4) Control; (5) Test group: 0.2 mL of B complex at the GV14 point. Treatments were performed at weeks -3, -1, 2, 4, and 6 about the parturition time. Fecal samples to estimate the parasitic load by fecal egg counts (FEC) and total blood samples for hemogram examination were performed seven days after the treatment, coinciding with weeks -2, 3, 5, and 7 about the parturition time. The number of peripheral eosinophils was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p <0.05). Although groups 3 and 5 had lower mean values of FEC and higher hematological values at the time of weaning, these differences were not statistically significant (p> 0.05) according to the F test. However, all animals in groups 3 and 5 maintained low parasitism levels until the end of the experiment. Further studies should be performed with larger sample sizes and minor changes to the experimental protocol to elucidate the role of GV14 acupoint stimulation in the host-parasite relationship.(AU)

A parasitose gastrointestinal é o principal desafio sanitário para a criação de ovinos a pasto, e as ovelhas no periparto são uma das categorias mais susceptíveis a esta infeção no rebanho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a injeção de vitaminas do complexo B no acuponto Vaso Governador 14 (VG14) poderia influenciar a carga parasitária ou modular a interação hospedeiro-parasito em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas no período de periparto. Quatro semanas antes da data prevista para o parto, 25 ovelhas foram divididas em cinco grupos de tratamento (1) Controle da dose: 0,2 mL de vitaminas do complexo B via IM; (2) Controle do fármaco: 2mL complexo B via IM; (3) Controle do Ponto: 0,2 mL de água destilada no ponto VG14; (4) Controle sem tratamento; (5) Grupo teste: 0,2 mL de complexo B no pontoVG14. Estes tratamentos foram realizados nas semanas -3; -1; 2; 4 e 6 em relação à data do parto. Amostras de fezes para contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), assim como amostras de sangue para realizar o hemograma, foram obtidas dos animais sete dias após os tratamentos, coincidindo com as semanas -2, 3, 5 e 7 do parto. O número de eosinófilos periféricos foi superior no grupo 3 se comparado ao grupo 1 (p <0,05). Os animais dos grupos 3 e 5 tiveram menores valores de OPG e maior hematócrito, mas estas diferenças não foram consideradas significativas pelo teste F (p> 0,05). No entanto, todas as ovelhas dos grupos 3 e 5 se mantiveram com níveis baixos de parasitismo durante todo o experimento. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados com algumas modificações deste protocolo a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento do potencial imunomodulador do acuponto VG14.(AU)

O desempenho e as respostas fisiológicas ao teste de elevação do calcanhar bipodal são influenciados pela cadência e posição dos tornozelos / Bilateral heel-rise test performance and physiological response are influenced by cadence and ankle position

INTRODUÇÃO: Diferentes protocolos do teste de elevação do calcanhar (TEC) têm sido utilizados, sendo necessário analisar o impacto das variações nas respostas do teste. OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho e respostas de oxigenação muscular (OM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) de adultos em diferentes protocolos do TEC bipodal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo transversal do tipo cruzado. Trinta participantes (23,1±2,9 anos; 16 homens) realizaram quatro protocolos do TEC bipodal, variando cadenciamento (autocadenciado e cadenciado externamente) e posição dos tornozelos (neutra e dorsiflexão). Para a OM, analisamos a saturação tecidual de oxigênio (StO2 ) e variação da concentração de oxihemoglobina (∆[O2 Hb]) e calculamos a variação entre os menores valores e os valores finais (∆Nadir-Final) e área sob a curva (AUC). Para a FC, calculamos a variação dos valores iniciais e finais (∆FC) e constante de tempo (τ). O teste de Friedman foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis entre os protocolos. A ANOVA de dois fatores foi utilizada para identificar o impacto da cadência e/ou posição dos tornozelos. RESULTADOS: O número de repetições e o tempo de execução foram maiores nos protocolos em posição neutra e cadenciado externamente (p<0,001 para ambos). ∆Nadir-Final (StO2: p<0,001; ∆[O2Hb]: p=0,005) e AUC (StO2: p<0,001; ∆[O2Hb]: p<0,001) dea mbas as variáveis de OM foram maiores nos protocolos em posição neutra. Protocolos autocadenciados apresentaram maior aumento da FC e τ mais rápida (p=0,006 e p=0,046). CONCLUSÃO: O TEC realizado em posição neutra e cadenciamento externo gera maiores repetições e tempo de execução. A dorsiflexão promoveu menor reperfusão muscular e o autocadenciamento, maior e mais rápido aumento da FC.

INTRODUCTION: Different heel-rise test (HRT) protocols have been used, possibly leading to varied responses. It is necessary to analyse the impact of protocol variation on test responses. PURPOSE: To compare the performance, muscle oxygenation (MO), and heart rate (HR) responses of adults in bilateral HRT protocols. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional crossover study. Thirty participants (23.1±2.9 years; 16 men) performed four bilateral HRT protocols with varying cadence (self-cadenced; externally cadenced) and ankle position (neutral; dorsiflexion). For MO responses, we analysed tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and oxyhemoglobin concentration variation (∆[O2Hb]) and calculated the variation between the smallest and final values (∆Nadir-Final) and the area under the curve (AUC). The variation between the initial and final HR values (∆HR) and the time constant (τ) were calculated. Friedman's test was used to compare the variables among the protocols. Two-way ANOVA was used to identify the impact of cadence and/or ankle position. RESULTS: The number of repetitions and execution time were higher in the neutral position and externally cadenced protocols (p<0.001 for both). ∆Nadir-Final (StO2: p<0.001;∆[O2Hb]: p=0.005) and AUC (StO2: p<0.001; ∆[O2Hb]: p<0.001) of both MO variables were higher in the neutral position protocols. Selfcadenced protocols presented higher HR increase and faster τ (p=0.006 and p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Bilateral HRT performed in a neutral position, and external cadence promotes more repetitions and a longer execution time. Dorsiflexion promotes lower muscle reperfusion, and self-cadence higher and faster HR increase.

Effect of crystalline lens rise on the vault after implantation of phakic posterior chamber implantable collamer lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To investigate the relationship between crystalline lens rise(CLR)measured by anterior segment-optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)and parameters of the anterior segment. And also measure the effects of CLR on the vault after phakic posterior chamber implantable collamer lens(PPC-ICL)implantation.<p>METHODS:The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients who underwent PPC-ICL implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, from July 2017 to July 2018, to measure the sulcus-to-sulcus(hSTS)distance of the eyes using a Compact Touch STS ultrasound biomicroscope and lens curvature(LC), Pentacam was used to measure horizontal-white-to-white(hWTW), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and the vault one year after the operation. Moreover, AS-OCT was used to measure the CLR and horizontal iridocorneal angle-to-iridocorneal angle diameter(ATA).<p>RESULTS:CLR was negatively correlated with ACD(<i>r</i>= -0.706, <i>P</i><0.01)and vault one year after the operation(<i>r</i>= -0.509, <i>P</i><0.01); however, it was positively correlated with LC(<i>r</i>=0.667, <i>P</i><0.01). There was no correlation between CLR and hWTW(<i>r</i>=0.123, <i>P</i>=0.275), ATA(<i>r</i>=0.208, <i>P</i>=0.065)and hSTS(<i>r</i>=0.147, <i>P</i>=0.194). One year after the operation, there was a positive correlation between the vault and ACD(<i>r</i>=0.680, <i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION:CLR has obvious correlation with ACD and LC, arch height after PPC-ICL and has a specific effect on the prediction of the vault after PPC-ICL implantation.

Peripheral iridectomy for preventing iris-related complications in glued intraocular lens surgery in children

Purpose: To assess the role of surgical peripheral iridectomy (PI) in preventing iris-related complications associated with glued intraocular lens (GIOL) surgery in children with bilateral ectopia lentis. Methods: Nonrandomized interventional case series of 34 eyes of 17 children (<15 years of age) who underwent pars plana lensectomy (PPL) and GIOL surgery between January 2013 and December 2016. Eyes with surgical PI (January 2013–June 2015) were compared with those without surgical PI (July 2015–December 2016). The primary outcome measure of the role of surgical PI in GIOL surgery was to account for complications such as optic capture, secondary glaucoma, intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation, or repeat surgery. The secondary outcomes were changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: The mean age at surgery was 8.8 years (range: 3.5–15 years). Surgical PI was conducted in 15 eyes. Among the 19 eyes without PI, 9 eyes had complications (optic capture –6; rise in IOP –4; IOL subluxation –4; repeat surgery –5). The complications were significantly less in the PI group, P = 0.02. There was a statistically significant improvement in BCVA (P = 0.0001) in all the patients. The mean presenting BCVA was 0.99 (±0.79) logMAR (Snellen ? 20/200) and post BCVA was 0.40 (±0.50) (Snellen ? 20/50). The mean preoperative refraction was ? 9 D (±8D) (range: ?5 D to ?23D) and postoperative was ?1 (±1.15) D. The mean follow-up was 25.4 months. Conclusion: Surgical PI along with GIOL surgery in children undergoing PPL is shown to reduce optic-capture-related complications.

Safety Study of Implant Wearers in MRI RF Field Environment / 中国医疗器械杂志

The complex electromagnetic field environments in magnetic resonance imaging system(MRI) can have a significant impact on patients carrying implants, the RF heating problems being particularly important. To ensure the safety of the patients, it is necessary to understand the distribution of tissue temperature in the MRI environment and its changes over time. Based on the analysis of tissue temperature rise in MRI, this paper constructs a bird cage coil for generating RF field in MRI system, and constructs ASTM standard/improved phantom and single-cavity pacemaker finite element models, use time-domain finite difference (FDTD) to simulate. Firstly, the correctness of the simulation software and simulation method was validated according to the method of ISO. Then the distribution of the electric field, SAR and temperature field and the temperature change with time were calculated in the environment of 64 MHz, 2 W/kg. The difference in temperature rise with blood heat exchange and no blood heat exchange (standard/improved phantom) was specifically compared. The simulation results show that there are electric field and SAR hotspots near the electrode tip, the wire tail and the case of pacemaker. There are high SAR values on both sides of the phantom, and the shorter the distance from the coil, the higher the SAR. The temperature field distribution is similar to the SAR distribution; the temperature is higher in the area around the end of the wire and the case of pacemaker because the heat accumulation is higher around this area. At the same time, blood heat exchange can reduce the temperature rise to a certain extent.

The nonparasitic phase of Dermacentor nitens under field conditions in southeastern Brazil / A fase não-parasitária de Dermacentor nitens em condições de campo no Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract Dermacentor nitens is a one-host tick that uses domestic equids as main hosts. Herein, the nonparasitic phase of D. nitens was evaluated under field conditions in Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. By exposing engorged females of D. nitens to field conditions (grass plots) for 24 consecutive months, this tick species was able to complete its nonparasitic phase by producing host-seeking larvae in the pasture throughout the year. Preoviposition and egg incubation periods were longer during autumn and winter months than during the other months. The number of larvae generated by engorged females was in most of the times lower during autumn and winter months, as demonstrated by lower egg hatching values. Such conditions could be linked to lower mean temperatures and rainfall. Larvae with the longest longevity hatched from the eggs with the shortest incubation periods. An apparent synchronism of larval hatching during spring was observed from the eggs laid by females during late winter and autumn, which is consistent with the phenomenon of "spring rise". The results indicate that D. nitens can complete up to five generations per year in southeastern Brazil, providing baseline data to develop future protocols for the appropriate control of D. nitens on horses.

Resumo Dermacentor nitens é um carrapato de um hospedeiro, que utiliza equídeos domésticos como principais hospedeiros. Neste estudo, a fase não parasitária de D. nitens foi avaliada em condições de campo, em Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo, no Sudeste do Brasil. Fêmeas ingurgitadas de D. nitens foram expostas a condições de campo (canteiros de capim) por 24 meses consecutivos. Este carrapato foi capaz de completar sua fase não parasitária, através da produção de larvas infestantes, durante todos os meses do ano. No outono e inverno, os períodos de pré-oviposição e incubação de ovos foram mais longos. O número de larvas geradas por fêmeas ingurgitadas foi menor no outono e inverno, como demonstrado pelos menores valores de eclosão dos ovos. Tal condição poderia estar ligada a temperaturas médias e índices pluviométricos mais baixos. Larvas com maior longevidade nasceram de ovos com períodos de incubação mais curtos. Observou-se um aparente sincronismo da eclosão das larvas durante a primavera, a partir de ovos postos pelas fêmeas durante o final do inverno e outono, consistente com o fenômeno do "pico da primavera". Os resultados indicam que D. nitens pode completar até cinco gerações por ano no Sudeste do Brasil, fornecendo bases para futuros protocolos de controle racional de carrapatos.

Factors Affecting IOP Changes Following Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum GARNET (Nd:YAG) Capsulotomy

Introduction: Transient intraocular pressure rise is acommonly observed phenomenon following Nd:YAGcapsulotomy. However, IOP change is considered to bedependent on multiple factors. Study aimed to assess factorsdetermining the IOP change following Nd:YAG capsulotomy.Material and Methods:A total of 150 adult patients, scheduledto undergo Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for management ofposterior chamber opacification (PCO) were enrolled. Age,gender, time since cataract surgery, PCO grade, IOP, topicalhypotensive use was noted in all the cases. Amount of energyused in Nd:YAG procedure was recorded. Postoperative IOPchange was noted immediately, 1 hr and 3 hr postoperativeintervals. Rise >5 mm was considered clinically significant.Independent samples ‘t’-test, Chi-square test and binarylogistic regression were used. Data analysis was performedusing SPSS 15.0 software.Results: Mean age of patients was 60±11.3 years. Majoritywere females (59.3%). Majority of patients had Grade I andII of PCO (64%), 5-10 years duration since cataract surgery(79.3%) and topical hypotensive use was done(58%).Preoperative mean IOP was 15.99±2.72 mmHg. Energyused was 55.7±52.7 mJ. A total of 19 (12.7%) patients hadIOP rise >5 mm. On univariate analysis, Grade III or abovePCO, higher level of total energy use and low hypotensive usewere found to be significantly associated with IOP rise. Onmultivariate assessment, low hypotensive use and high energyuse were found to be significantly associated with clinicallysignificant IOP rise (p<0.05).Conclusions: Low energy and prophylactic topicalhypotensives were protective against IOP rise.

Projected Impact of Sea Level Rise on Nigeria’s Coastal City of Calabar in Cross River State

This study projects the impact of sea level rise on Nigeria’s coastal city of Calabar in Cross River State. Data for the study were obtained from both secondary and primary sources through the use of the internet and questionnaire administration respectively. The data were analysed using the geographical information systems (GIS), frequency tables and percentages. The results revealed that at 0.3 m rise in sea level, about 4.56% of the total land area will be covered with flood water. This would affect 159 houses, with approximately 1,431 persons. Further, at 3.0 m rise in sea level, about 10.10% of the area will be flooded, affecting 2012 houses with an estimated population of 18,108 persons. Again, the resilience of the residents to the vagaries of flooding by sea level rise is generally low due to very low income and lack of awareness. The study concluded that Calabar City is vulnerable to the impact of sea level rise which is primarily caused by climate change. Therefore, awareness campaign on the impact of flooding by sea level rise on coastal communities should be carried out by the appropriate agencies of government in the State.

Prognostic value of rise in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the mortality in paediatric intensive care

Background: When the body is stressed in diverse pathological conditions, it responds by mounting an inflammatory response. Predictive biomarkers reflecting the response may serve as guide to management. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio has been frequently used in adult patients as an indicator for mortality. However, no study has looked into their use within pediatric population. The objective of the study is to assess the prognostic value of rise in NLR and PLR in pediatric intensive care as markers of mortality.Methods: A retrospective study based on 3 year data from HIMS and G-HEALTH data systems of AJ Institute of Medical Science, of all patients admitted to PICU after excluding those in whom all the study parameters were not retrievable, were postoperative patients and/or stay was less than 5 days. NLR and PLR ratios were determined and compared to PELOD 2 using SPSS version 17.0.Results: The demographic data was matched. PELOD 2 (>20) predicted mortality in 72.2% of the patients, while NLR increase predicted in 61.1% and PLR increase in 77.8%. A decreasing trend in NLR and PLR were both closely related to better survival. Among the 3, Rise in PLR had higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of 72.73% (p <0.001) to predict mortality.Conclusions: The study gives an insight into the fact that simple and inexpensive markers such as rise in NLR and PLR helps in predicting the mortality in the pediatric intensive care which is comparable to PELOD 2 score.

Study on the Distribution and Abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Different Environment Settings for HighRise Buildings

Abstract@#Introduction: Vector surveillance in high-rise buildings is important to predict and monitor the presence of vectors regarding their abundance and distribution. In this study, the infestation profile of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species in different environmental settings were investigated. Methods: Four high-rise apartments in four different localities were selected for ovitrap surveillance. Fifty ovitraps were placed in semi indoor and outdoor settings. Results: A total of 507 (42.8%) from ovitraps showed the presence of the Aedes species larvae. Out of these, 170 (33.5%) of the positive ovitraps were those placed in semi indoor and 337 (66.5%) in outdoor. Of the total 16,613 Aedes larvae found, 4,130 (24.9%) were from semi indoor, and 12,483 (75.1%) from outdoor. In terms of distribution, Ae. albopictus was predominantly found in outdoor environments (POI=87.5%; MLT=36.45 larvae). Ae. aegypti was also found in outdoor environments (POI=14.89%; MLT=8.26 larvae). There was a significant difference in POI for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the two different environments but no significant difference was observed in MLT, indicating that the density of the Aedes species in both environments was well distributed. Conclusion: In this study, the patterns of Aedes habitat in high-rise apartments were observed. This study has shown an invasion and adaptation of Aedes mosquitoes into the ecosystems of high-rise buildings. It can be concluded that housing designs and the condition of the surrounding environment affects the infestation profile and the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes.

"Discussion on Differentiation and Treatment of Qi-Blood Stasis Syndrome Based on the Theory of""Rise and Fall of Middle Qi"" by HUANG Yuan-yu" / 中国中医药信息杂志

HUANG Yuan-yu's understanding of viscera qi and blood based on the theory of rise and fall of middle qi. He believes that rise and fall of middle qi plays a vital role in the normal operation of the function of organs and blood, so the blood stasis and qi disorder of spleen and stomach can cause the dysfunction of other organs. Therefore, he adopts the method of rising and falling middle qi and four dimensions, which can provide new ideas for clinical treatment of qi and blood stasis syndrome.

"Treatment of Syndrome Differentiation for Consumptive Diseases Based on the Theory of""Rise and Fall of Middle Qi"" by HUANG Yuan-yu" / 中国中医药信息杂志

The famous TCM doctor, HUANG Yuan-yu, proposed the theory of rise and fall of middle qi, which was a main academic ideology for the understanding of human physiology and pathology. He believed that rise and fall of middle qi played an important role in qi-blood and yin-yang and normal operation of five zang viscera. He also emphasized that there was an important relationship between the consumptive diseases and function damage of other viscera caused by imbalance of middle qi. Based on the theory of rise and fall of middle qi, this article discussed its guiding function to the treatment of syndrome differentiation for consumptive diseases, with a purpose to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

A Survey of Views on Rx-to-OTC Switches in the Patients Afflicted with Lifestyle-related Diseases such as Hypertension, Diabetes and/or Hyperlipidemia / 社会薬学

<p>To clarify the views and needs on Rx-to-OTC switches in patients afflicted with lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and/or hyperlipidemia, our survey was conducted with 199 patients at a pharmacy in Tokyo, Japan.Of the 199 patients, 159 people were patients afflicted with lifestyle-related diseases.One hundred and ten patients afflicted with lifestyle-related diseases were seventy-year-old and older, and 149 of the patients have been to a hospital at least once in the past year.Thirty-six point five percent of the patients afflicted with lifestyle-related diseases replied that they wanted to use Rx-to-OTC switches when they had been ill and/or injured.The main reasons that they wanted to use Rx-to-OTC switches were “convenience” and “always the same drugs”.On the other hand, the main reason that they did not want to use Rx-to-OTC switches was “I want to have a detailed examination”.Twenty-three point nine percent of them replied that they wanted to switch their prescription drugs to Rx-to-OTC switches. We believe that the usage of Rx-to-OTC switches after the establishment of a support system to secure safety can be the answer to the issues of the rise in medical care expenditures and doctor shortage.</p>

La dinámica oceanográfica frente al Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe y su relación con la muerte del manglar / The oceanographic dynamic in front of Térraba-Sierpe National Wetland (HNTS) and its relation with the mangrove's death

Resumen Se estudió la dinámica de las mareas y el oleaje frente al Humedal Nacional Térraba-Sierpe (HNTS) y su relación con los procesos de erosión y la muerte del manglar en esta región. Se encuentra que un aumento relativo del nivel del mar, ya sea generado por el basculamiento de las costas, o por calentamiento global, es el responsable de crear una nueva plataforma para el oleaje y está modificando el perfil de la costa y cambiando el tipo de sedimento sobre el cual crece el manglar. Una mayor deposición de sedimentos sobre la región norte de este delta, mantiene el equilibrio de este sistema en esta zona, donde más bien hay una ganancia de sedimentos en la isla al frente de la desembocadura del Río Grande de Térraba. Un menor aporte de sedimentos del Rio Sierpe está generando una migración tierra adentro de este sistema estuarino frente a esta región, lo cual es un síntoma de un aumento relativo del nivel del mar. Los escenarios futuros sobre una mayor energía del oleaje, y de un continuo aumento del nivel del mar, no permitirán un equilibrio en la dinámica de los sedimentos, especialmente sobre la parte sur de este delta, por lo que continuará perdiendo la cobertura del manglar en este sistema estuarino.

Abstract The Térraba-Sierpe Reserve has the largest mangrove in Costa Rica but has suffered from changes in sea level. I used published data to analyze the area and found that sea level rise, generated by coast subsidence or global warming, created a new platform for waves and changed the beach profile and sediment type. Increased sediment deposition on the north maintains the balance of this system, with a sediment gain on the island in front of the Térraba river mouth. A lower sediment output from the Sierpe river is generating a landward delta migration, especially in the southern part, a symptom of local sea level rise. Future scenarios of greater wave energy and additional sea level rise will not allow a dynamic sediment balance, especially on the southern part of the delta, and will generate a loss mangrove cover. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 29-46. Epub 2015 April 01.

Verification of the new proposed version of pyrogen result judgment algorithm / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To verify the new proposd version of pyrogen result judgment algorithm (NPRJA) and validate practicality, accuracy and reliability. METHODS: Six hundred and fifty-four batches of pyrogen test data from our laboratory in near three years were used; 3 648 rabbit body temperature fluctuations qualified in preview were statistically analyzed. Only single rabbit having lever was used to judge the pyrogen qualified or not; using logic anlysis method determined the NPRJA. RESULTS: According to the existing Chinese Pharmacopoeia volume III, suspicious rate of pyrogenic results was 28.0%, but the suspicious rate was only 10.4% in NPRJA. The new model can reduce over 60% of the repeat test. However, all failed samples were not leaked in new determiner. In preflight warm qualified rabbits, the temperature fluctuations were rather more than reach 0.4℃ within the first 3 h, they had more than 8% in whole rabbits. CONCLUSION: In pyrogen test rabbit own body temperature appears fluctuation, single rabbit warming≥ 0.6℃ serves as one of the criteria for re-examination of the sample, its results will lead to raising re-examination rate! The new proposed version of pyrogen result judgment algorithm was used to threshold of the sum of temperature rise of all tested rabbits, that not only guarantees the no changing of accuracy in existing present pyrogen test results, also significantly reduces the amount of animals and experimental repetitions. Thereby reducing the amount of experimental and labor costs. Meanwhile, it might be convenient and practical, as will as a worthy utilization and promoting patterns.

Temperature changes under demineralized dentin during polymerization of three resin-based restorative materials using QTH and LED units

OBJECTIVES: Light-curing of resin-based materials (RBMs) increases the pulp chamber temperature, with detrimental effects on the vital pulp. This in vitro study compared the temperature rise under demineralized human tooth dentin during light-curing and the degrees of conversion (DCs) of three different RBMs using quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and light-emitting diode (LED) units (LCUs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin disks were prepared from 120 extracted human mandibular molars. The temperature rise under the dentin disks (n = 12) during the light-curing of three RBMs, i.e. an Ormocer-based composite resin (Ceram. X, Dentsply DeTrey), a low-shrinkage silorane-based composite (Filtek P90, 3M ESPE), and a giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu GmbH), was measured with a K-type thermocouple wire. The DCs of the materials were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The temperature rise under the demineralized dentin disks was higher than that under the non-demineralized dentin disks during the polymerization of all restorative materials (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no significant differences in the DCs, the temperature rise under demineralized dentin disks for the silorane-based composite was higher than that for dimethacrylate-based restorative materials, particularly with QTH LCU.

Response Characteristics of the Perdido and Wolf Bay System to Inflows and Sea Level Rise.

The Perdido and Wolf Bay system in Alabama, USA, is an estuarine system linking the freshwater from the Perdido and Wolf Bay watersheds and the tidal saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico through Perdido Pass, Dolphin Pass, and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. A three dimensional hydrodynamic model using Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was developed and used to analyze complex and dynamic flow, salinity, and temperature distributions in the system. The external driving forces for the model include the river discharges from natural and urban watersheds, atmospheric winds, and astronomical tidal elevations at the open boundaries where flow exchange takes place. Simulated water surface elevation, temperature, and salinity were compared against the field data at several observation stations in 2008 and 2009 with good agreement (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.92 between the measured and the modeled water surface elevations). The calibrated EFDC model was used to examine responses of the system to high, mean, and low inflows from streams and the sea level rise in the open boundaries under climate change. The concept of the age of water was applied to understand pollutant transport in the system. The age of water reveals dynamic and complex interactions between tides from the Gulf of Mexico and inflows from the streams. The age of water is less than 20 days under the 2-year high inflows and up to 160 days under 7Q10 low inflows. Under mean inflow conditions, the age of the tracer released from Wolf Bay is 50–70 days in the lower Perdido Bay and larger than that in the upper Perdido Bay, indicating a strong interaction between tides and inflows, which results in recirculation of flow and pollutants. The age of water is projected to increase up to 60 days under estimated sea level rise scenarios.