Rivalidade e solidariedade entres irmãos na clínica com famílias / Rivalry and solidarity between siblings in the clinic with families / Rivalidad y solidaridad entre hermanos en la clínica con famílias

Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre fratria e teve como objetivo investigar rivalidade e solidariedade nas relações entre irmãos no contexto da clínica com famílias. Ressalta-se que tanto a rivalidade quanto a solidariedade fraterna são elementos importantes a serem trabalhados no processo psicoterápico da família. Utilizou-se o método clínico-qualitativo de investigação, com base no material clínico coletado durante o período de avaliação familiar em serviço de psicologia aplicada de uma universidade privada. Para fins deste trabalho, ilustramos a discussão com vinhetas clínicas de três famílias, com as seguintes configurações familiares: uma casada, uma monoparental e uma recasada. Concluímos que a presença de rivalidade e solidariedade entre irmãos está relacionada ao manejo parental dos conflitos em diferentes tipos de configurações familiares (AU).

This study is part of a wider research on siblings and aimed to investigate rivalry and solidarity in sibling relations in the context of the clinic with families. It is emphasized that both rivalry and fraternal solidarity are important elements to be worked on in the family psychotherapeutic process. The clinical-qualitative method of investigation was used, based on the clinical material collected during the period of family evaluation in the service of internship psychology of a private university. For the purpose of this work, we illustrate the discussion with clinical vignettes of three families, with the following family configurations: one married, one single parent and one remarried. We conclude that the presence of rivalry and solidarity between siblings is related to parental handling of conflicts in different types of family configurations (AU).

Este estudio és parte de una investigación más amplia sobre fratería y tuvo como objetivo investigar rivalidad y solidaridad en las relaciones entre hermanos en el contexto de la clínica con familias. Se resalta que tanto la rivalidad como la solidaridad fraterna son elementos importantes a ser trabajados en el proceso psicoterápico de la familia. Se utilizó el método clínico-cualitativo de investigación, con base en el material clínico recogido durante el período de evaluación familiar en servicio de psicología aplicada de una universidad privada. Para fines de este trabajo, ilustramos la discusión con viñetas clínicas de tres familias, con las siguientes configuraciones familiares: una casada, una monoparental y una recasada. Concluimos que la presencia de rivalidad y solidaridad entre hermanos está relacionada al manejo parental de los conflictos en diferentes tipos de configuraciones familiares (AU)

Algumas considerações sobre a masculinidade⇔feminilidade no interior da vida psíquica / Some considerations about masculinity⇔femininity within the psychic life / Algunas consideraciones acerca de la masculinidad⇔feminidad en el interior de la vida psíquica

O presente trabalho procura refletir sobre a questão da masculinidade e da feminilidade, como funções mentais, tanto no homem quanto na mulher, já que ambas convivem no interior de nossa vida psíquica, criando, preservando e negando aspectos de cada experiência particular. Propõe expandir essas reflexões apontando que, quando estas funções não estão integradas no interior de nossa vida psíquica, se expressam em rivalidades dentro de nós mesmos, bem como em nossas relações amorosas, fraternas e profissionais, em detrimento do encontro complementar recíproco que suporta a incompletude humana em busca de relações criativas.

This paper aims to reflect on the issue of masculinity and femininity as both men's and women's mental functions. We take into account the fact that masculinity and femininity coexist inside our psychic life, creating, preserving, and denying aspects of each particular experience. The author proposes some extended thoughts as she points out that, if these functions are not integrated inside our psychic life, they express themselves in rivalries inside ourselves and in our loving, fraternal, and professional relationships. It harms the reciprocal and complementary encounter that underlies the human incompleteness in its search for creative relationships.

El presente trabajo busca reflexionar sobre el tema de la masculinidad y la feminidad, como funciones mentales, tanto en el hombre como en la mujer, puesto que ambas conviven, en el interior de nuestra vida psíquica, creando, preservando y rechazando a los aspectos de cada experiencia particular. Propone ampliar esta reflexión señalando que, cuando estas funciones no están integradas en el interior de nuestra vida psíquica, se expresan en rivalidades dentro de nosotros mismos, así como en nuestras relaciones amorosas, fraternas y profesionales, en detrimento del encuentro complementario recíproco que soporta la incompletitud humana en la búsqueda de relaciones creativas.

A espera do segundo filho e as relações fraternas / Second pregnancy and fraternal relationships / La espera del segundo hijo y las relaciones fraternales

Partindo da constatação da importância dos laços fraternos para o psiquismo do sujeito, o artigo discute a relação entre os processos psíquicos da maternidade referentes à espera do segundo filho e a maneira como as condições dessa gestação poderão refletir-se nos processos de subjetivação dessa criança, influindo ainda para a determinação do lugar que ela virá a ocupar na nova irmandade.

This paper starts from the evidence that fraternal bounds are important to people's psyche. Considering this evidence, the author discusses the relation between the psychic processes of maternity that are related to expecting a second child, and the way the circumstances of pregnancy may be reflected in this child's subjectivity, while they also affect the determination of the child's place in the new brotherhood.

Partiendo de la constatación de la importancia de los lazos fraternos para el psiquismo del sujeto, el artículo discute la relación entre los procesos psíquicos de la maternidad relacionados a la espera del segundo hijo, y la forma en que las condiciones de ese embarazo podrán reflejarse en los procesos de subjetivación de ese niño, influyendo también en la determinación del lugar que ocupará en el nuevo grupo de hermanos

Binocular rivalry estimated objectively under face awareness and fusiform correlation analysis / 军事医学

Objective To study binocular rivalry (BR)objectively and the correlation between fusiform face area (FFA)and visual cortex.Methods Six subjects participated in this study,with one eye presented a normal face expres-sion picture flickered at 8.57 Hz,while the other presented a fearful face flickered at 12 Hz or 15 Hz,respectively.Electro-encephalogram(EEG)was recorded during this process.Steady state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)evoked by two flick-ering rates was analyzed by time-frequency analysis of short time fourier transformation(STFT).The time index of BR was estimated and the correlation coefficient between FFA and visual cortex compared.Results The total average time was (411.6 ±73.8)ms for the left eye and (547.6 ±126.7)ms for the right eye.The switch rate of the two groups was not different,but the left FFA was more sensitive than the right FFA in process of the fearful face.Neither side of FFA had any frequency preference to the flickered fearful face.Conclusion SSVEP can be used as a frequency tag of BR or as a tool to evaluate visual sensation under BR objectively.SSVEP combined with BR can be used in research of neural mechanisms of visual awareness.

Effect of Dominant Eye and Contextual Background on Binocular Rivalry

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of dominant eye and contextual background on predominance during binocular rivalry. METHODS: 10 subjects were recruited for the present study. Dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. In experiment 1, subjects viewed the stimuli through anaglyph filters and reported the predominance of color. The subject's responses were compared with the color on the dominant eye. To investigate the influence of color dominance and contextual color, we conducted the experiment with added contextual color information target through switched-anaglyph filters. In experiment 2, the subject viewed the stimuli through the polarized filters and reported the predominance of orientation. The subject's responses were compared with the grating on dominant eye. To rule out the effect of stimulus size, we conducted the experiment with a smaller target. We designed the additional experiment to investigate the influence of contextual grating information on binocular rivalry. RESULTS: 10 subjects were evaluated. In experiment 1, 8 of 10 subjects reported that eye preference was highly correlated with dominant eye. This finding is significant without reference to color. In experiment 2, 7 of 10 subjects reported that eye preference was highly correlated with dominant eye. This finding is significant without reference to size. In experiment 1-2 and 2-2, all subjects reported that predominance of context contradictory target increased. CONCLUSIONS: We found the relationship between the dominant eye and eye preference. Experiment 1-2 and 2-2 showed that contradictory contextual information increases target predominance during binocular rivalry. Overall, our results indicate that the contextual background reduce the stimulus strength of the context-congruent target; it would correspond to an increase in the dominance duration of the context-contradictory target.

Rivalidade ou violência? A percepção de estudantes universitários vítimas de violência por parte de irmãos / Rivalry or violence? Perception of university students victims of sibling violence

Este estudo pretende avaliar a percepção das vítimas relativamente a comportamentos de cariz físico, sexual e psicológico, perpetrados por irmãos. Faz parte de uma investigação mais vasta na qual foram avaliados os diferentes tipos de violência e a sua frequência no início da adolescência. Neste estudo, os participantes classificaram os abusos sofridos com recurso ao Self-Labelling of Personally Experienced Violence. Os resultados indicam que os jovens que sofreram todos os tipos de vitimizações (físicas, psicológicas e sexuais) atribuíram os incidentes à "rivalidade entre irmãos", de modo significativo, quando comparados com os jovens que só sofreram um ou dois tipos de vitimização (psicológicas, físicas, psicológicas + físicas ou psicológicas + sexuais). Os resultados são discutidos segundo perspectivas de 'normalização de agressões', as quais explicam a manutenção de comportamentos abusivos contra irmãos...

This study aimed to investigate the perception of victims of sibling violence (physical, sexual and psychological). It is part of a larger investigation that analyzed the different types of violence and its frequency in early adolescence. In the present study, the participants classified the mistreatments they suffered on the Self-Labelling of Personally Experienced Violence. In the explanation of the occurrences, youngsters enduring all types of sibling victimization (physical, sexual and psychological) attributed "sibling rivalry" significantly more importance than their colleagues who were victims of only one or two violence type(s) (physical, psychological, or psychological + physical + or psychological + sexual). The results are discussed according to 'normalization of aggression' perspectives that help to understand the maintenance of abusive behavior towards siblings...

Rivalidade fraterna: uma proposta de definição conceitual / Sibling rivalry: Proposing a conceptual definition / Rivalidad fraterna: Una propuesta de definición conceptual

A rivalidade fraterna pode ser pensada como uma experiência normal e talvez diária para as crianças. Apesar de sua relevância para o relacionamento entre os irmãos e para o funcionamento familiar como um todo, o conceito de rivalidade fraterna carece de uma definição clara e compartilhada no meio científico, sendo confundido e utilizado simultaneamente às noções de conflito, ciúme e competição. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca da temática da rivalidade fraterna, problematizando-se sua definição conceitual. Enquanto a definição de ciúme parece apresentar-se com mais clareza na literatura internacional, o mesmo não ocorre com o conceito de rivalidade fraterna. Frente à complexidade de concepções envolvidas no relacionamento fraterno, propõe-se uma compreensão abrangente do conceito de rivalidade fraterna que inclua tanto as manifestações de ciúme quanto a dimensão de competição fraterna...

Sibling rivalry can be thought as a normal and, perhaps, daily experience for children. Despite its relevance for sibling relationship and for family functioning as a whole, the concept of sibling rivalry lacks a clear and shared definition in the scientific community, being confused and used simultaneously with the notions of conflict, jealousy and competition. This article presents a literature review on the theme of sibling rivalry, questioning its conceptual definition. While the definition of jealousy seems to appear more clearly in the international literature, the same is not true for the concept of sibling rivalry. Due to the complexity of conceptions involved in sibling relationship, a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sibling rivalry, that includes jealousy manifestations and sibling competition, is proposed...

La rivalidad entre hermanos puede pensarse como una experiencia normal y tal vez diaria para los niños. A pesar de su importancia para las relaciones entre los hermanos y para el funcionamiento de la familia en su conjunto, el concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos carece de una clara y compartida definición entre los científicos, que se confunde y se utiliza simultáneamente con nociones de conflicto, celos y competencia. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema de la rivalidad entre hermanos, cuestionando su definición conceptual. Si bien la definición de los celos parece presentarse con mayor clareza en la literatura internacional, lo mismo no ocurre con el concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos. Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de los conceptos que intervienen en las relaciones fraternas, proponemos una amplia comprensión del concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos, que incluye tanto las manifestaciones de los celos como la dimensión de la competencia fraternal...

A construção da rivalidade e da violência entre os grupos de capoeira de Piúma/ES / Construing rivalry and violence among capoeira groups from Piúma/ES

Identifica e analisa os motivos que geram a rivalidade e a violência entre os grupos de capoeira no município de Piúma/ES. É um estudo descritivo interpretativo cujos dados foram coletados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com todos os professores de capoeira do município e interpretados pela análise crítica do discurso. As razões que justificam a existência da rivalidade e da violência na capoeira ganham diferentes sentidos e significados, conforme a interpretação que cada sujeito oferece a esse problema. Ao mesmo tempo em que apresentam uma análise destacando a necessidade de manutenção e valorização da rivalidade e da violência para a constituição dos grupos de capoeira, seus integrantes sinalizam a solidariedade como alternativa para se fundamentar uma nova base de interação.

In this study, we identify and assess the reasons for rivalry and violence within capoeira groups in Piúma (Brazil). This study is descriptive and interpretative. The data was collected by using semistructured interviews performed with all capoeira teachers of such municipality and interpreted by Critical Discourse Analysis. The reasons for rivalry and violence in capoeira are different in all senses, since each subject interprets such problem differently. Such reasons show an analysis which stresses the need to keep and weight the rivalry and violence to comprise capoeira groups; simultaneously, pointing out the solidarity as an option to establish a new basis for interaction.

Identifica y analiza los motivos que dan lugar a la rivalidad y violencia entre los grupos de capoeira en la ciudad de Piúma/ES. El estudio es descriptivo e interpretativo en el que los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas con todos los profesores de capoeira de la ciudad, e interpretadas por el Análisis Crítico del Discurso. Las razones de la existencia de la rivalidad y violencia en la capoeira obtienen diferentes significados dependiendo de la interpretación que cada individuo ofrece a este problema. Al tiempo que presentan un análisis destacando la necesidad de mantenimiento y reconocimiento de la rivalidad y violencia para la formación de grupos de capoeira, indican la solidaridad como una alternativa para fundamentar una nueva base de interacción.

Penetrating chest injuries: a medicolegal analysis.

Penetrating injuries are one of the commonest methods of committing murder, of which penetrating injuries of the chest/heart are very serious and prove fatal in most of the cases (1). In a post mortem study of penetrating chest injuries at Lucknow, majority of the victims were adult male between 20-50 years of age. In majority of the cases injuries were caused by firearms usually a shot gun. Injuries by knives and daggers were also seen in few cases. Injuries were seen on the front of chest, predominantly on the left side, in majority of the cases. Lungs were damaged in all the cases. Heart; aorta & other thoracic organs were also injured in substantial number of cases. In the cases where heart was found damaged, the right ventricle was injured in majority of the cases. Two-third of the victims died within three hours after getting injuries, either on the spot or in the way to the hospital. All the cases of penetrating chest injuries were homicidal & personal rivalry was the single most common reason behind these deaths.

Non-invasive induction and cancellation of visuo-spatial deficits by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): Lessons on “surgery-less” manipulation of complex visuo-spatial brain networks

Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown to modify the excitability of targeted cortical regions in animals and humans, thus transiently altering the efficiency of neural projections within extended brain networks. Adequate processing and behavioral output depend on a given ‘state’ of functional interactions between cortical and subcortical nodes within this network. We applied rTMS trains targeted at the visuoparietal (VP) cortex, which is a crucial cortical node of an extended visuo-spatial neural network, in both, intact (n=2) and injured cats (n=2) with unilateral ablation of the VP region. All four intact cats were intensively trained in a set of visuo-spatial tasks consisting in the detection and localization of moving or static targets. In two of these cats, a 50 mm circular coil was centered on the left VP cortex and Sham or real rTMS was delivered during 20 minutes at 1 Hz. Real but not Sham rTMS significantly increased the number of errors in orienting responses towards static but not moving targets, presented at the contralateral visual hemifield (38±4%; and 48±3% p<0.05 vs. pre rTMS), whereas no increase respect to baseline was observed for ipsilateral targets (5±2%; 2±1%; n.s). Performance went back to baseline error levels 45 minutes after the end of the stimulation (4±2; 6±1%). In 2 other animals, the right or left parietal and primary visual cortex was surgically removed, generating a Daily stimulation with 1 Hz rTMS on the intact VP region resulted in a progressive reduction of detection¬orienting mistakes to moving but not static stimuli (down to 34±5% and 28±4% errors; p<0.05). We conclude that rTMS is able to interact with brain networks in both ways, transiently disrupting visuo-spatial processing in normal animals, and also canceling spatial neglect generated by lesions of the same areas. It constitutes, thus, a non-invasive ‘surgery-less’ method to manipulate brain activity and promote recovery after injuries.

El concepto de "padre" en la teoría psicoanalítica / The concept of "father" in psychoanalytic theory

Algo que es patente en un seguimiento de las múltiples referencias freudianas en torno al padre, es la interrogación constante por su estatuto. Desde algunos apartes del Proyecto de psicología en donde el padre ya es colocado como un rival que recoge los celos del hijo varón, hasta los elementos posibles de extraer del Moisés y la religión monoteísta.

Something that is evident in a follow-up of the many Freudian references around the father, is the constant interrogation by his statute. From some sections of the Psychology Project where the father is already placed as a rival that collects the jealousy of the male child, to the possible elements of extracting from Moses and the monotheistic religion.