Penghasilan Dan Penerimaan Minuman Sukan Isotonik Berkos Rendah Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Sports drinks consist of water, carbohydrates, and electrolytes specially formulated for athletes or individuals in need. However, coaches from the National Coaching Academy division experience budget constraints to obtain commercial sports drinks on a large scale to meet the needs of all athletes. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to produce a low-cost isotonic sports drink (Rose Lemonade) with white sugar and brown sugar and evaluate its acceptance among university students through sensory evaluation. This study involved 50 panels with 25 students from UKM (nonathletes) and 25 students from UM (athletes). The overall acceptance of brown sugar Rose Lemonade has an average score of 3.52 ± 0.97 compared to white sugar Rose Lemonade, which is 3.50 ± 1.07. The data analysis showed a nonsignificant difference in the Kruskal Wallis test (p>0.05) for the overall acceptance of both types of sports drinks. In conclusion, this study showed that both white sugar and brown sugar Rose Lemonade isotonic sports drink formulations were acceptable to the panels. The findings of this study provide the formulation of cheap, and easy-making sports drinks. A suggestion for future research is to test the effectiveness of energy supply and electrolytes replacement and shelf life of this sports drink and produce a variety of flavors to meet individual tastes.

Variabilidad genética del pez Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) mediante el uso de microsatélites en Costa Rica / Genetic variability of the fish Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) using microsatellites in Costa Rica

Introducción: El pargo mancha es un pez marino de alto consumo e interés comercial en Costa Rica que está sometido a una fuerte presión pesquera, la cual puede afectar la diversidad genética y generar problemas por depresión endogámica. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado genético de la población de Lutjanus guttatus mediante el uso microsatélites. Métodos: Se recolectaron muestras entre el 2018 y 2019 y se estudiaron 44 individuos de cada una de las localidades del Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce. Se realizó la extracción de ADN y la amplificación de diez loci con microsatélites mediante PCR, para la determinación del genotipo, análisis de diversidad genética y estructura poblacional. Resultados: Los parámetros de diversidad indican un elevado polimorfismo asociado con un alto número de alelos obtenidos por locus, pero con bajos niveles de heterocigosidad observada en comparación con la esperada (Ho= 0.774 y 0.800 y He= 0.948 y 0.954 para Golfo de Nicoya y Golfo Dulce, respectivamente). No hay evidencia suficiente para decir que las dos poblaciones son distintas (FST= 0.00264, P > 0.05). La desviación del Equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg indica la posible mezcla de organismos de origen distinto a los del medio silvestre. Conclusiones: L. guttatus tiene niveles altos de diversidad genética, no hay evidencia de diferenciación en subpoblaciones genéticas, lo que en manejo pesquerías se considera una sola población panmíctica. La posible mezcla de individuos de origen distinto al silvestre sugiere la presencia de organismos de un programa de repoblación o de cultivos comerciales en la región. El uso de marcadores genéticos se recomienda para el monitoreo, además, en programas de repoblación y evaluar su efecto.

Introduction: The spotted snapper is a high-consumption and commercially important marine fish in Costa Rica, subjected to heavy fishing pressures, which can affect genetic diversity and generate problems due to inbreeding depression. Objective: To evaluate the genetic status of the population of Lutjanus guttatus using microsatellites. Methods: Samples were collected between 2018 and 2019, and 44 individuals from each of the localities of the Gulf of Nicoya and the Gulf of Dulce were studied. DNA extraction and amplification of ten loci with microsatellites using PCR were performed, followed by genotyping, analysis of genetic diversity, and population structure. Results: Diversity parameters indicate a high polymorphism associated with a high number of alleles obtained per locus, but with low levels of observed heterozygosity compared to expected (Ho= 0.774 and 0.800, and He= 0.948 and 0.954 for the Gulf of Nicoya and Gulf of Dulce, respectively). There is not enough evidence to say that the two populations are distinct (FST= 0.00264, P > 0.05). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was recorded, indicating possible mixing of organisms of different origin from the wild environment. Conclusions: L. guttatus presents high levels of genetic diversity, without evidence of differentiation in genetic subpopulations. For fisheries management purposes, they would be considered a single panmictic population. The possible mixing with wild individuals suggests the presence of organisms derived from a restocking or commercial cultivation program carried out in the region. The use of genetic markers is recommended to maintain monitoring, follow up on restocking programs and evaluate their effect.

Efficacy and safety of topical 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in dry eye disease at tertiary care centre

Purpose: To evaluate the effect and side effects of topical 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in dry eye disease. Method: This prospective randomized case control study included total 80 patients (40 cases and 40 controls) of dry eye. Symptoms were graded according to OSDI scoring system and specific tests for dry eye included Tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, Fluorescein corneal staining (FCS), Rose Bengal staining) were performed. Case group received 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension four times daily and control group given carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% four times daily. The follow ups had done at two, six and twelve weeks. Results: The maximum numbers of patients were between 45-60 years. Patient with mild moderate and severe OSDI Score shows marked improvement. Mild TBUT score showed improvement but statistically not significant (P value-0.34). In moderate and severe TBUT Score statistically significant improvement (P value- 0.0001, 0.0001). In all grade FCS shows statistically significant improvement with p value-0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.028 respectively. Schirmer’s test score in all cases had shown improvement but statistically not significant and P value were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.07 respectively. In mild, moderate and severe Rose Bengal staining statistically significant improvement (P value -0.027, 0.0001, and 0.04) .The only side effect was dysgeusia (10% patients). Conclusion: Rebamipide 2% ophthalmic suspension showed significant improvement in symptoms and signs of dry eye. It able to modify epithelial cell function, improve tear stability, and suppress inflammation suggests that it may be a first drug of choice for severe dry eye disease.

Diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation combined with EBUS-GS & ROSE in peripheral pulmonary nodules

Background & objectives: Recently, there has been a surge to develop new devices and techniques for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions such as the combination of LungPoint navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS). The present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation in combination with EBUS-GS and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) particularly for peripheral pulmonary nodules. Methods: Patients (n=108) with pulmonary nodules (10 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm) presenting to Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were detected using chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning and bronchoscopy. All patients were evaluated using LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS and ROSE techniques to evaluate the positive rate of combined diagnosis using the three methods. Results: A total of 108 patients participated in this study and successfully underwent all the three procedures. Of these, 82 patients were accurately diagnosed, making the overall diagnostic rate of 75.9 per cent for combined LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS, and ROSE analyses. Further subgroup analysis of the diagnostic rate of the three combined techniques were conducted based on the size of the nodules which showed a diagnostic rate of 65.3 per cent for 10 mm ? nodule diameter ?20 mm and 85.7 per cent for 20 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm. Of the 108 patients, 85 had solid nodules and 23 had ground-glass nodules; the positive rate of diagnosis of solid nodules was the highest. The patients ultimately were diagnosed with lung cancer with a positive rate of 83.5 per cent. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predicted values for ROSE were 90.3, 78.3, 84.8 and 83.6 per cent, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The combined use of the three techniques can effectively shorten the duration of the total diagnosis period and improve the safety of diagnosis without affecting the detection rate.

Inter - and intraspecific relationships between Macrosiphum rosae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

ABSTRACT The predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a polyphagous species that has, among its wide range of acceptable prey, the aphid Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of rose plants. We assessed the consumption of nymphs and adults of M. rosae by C. externa larvae, the predatory efficiency, and larval survival under different predator:prey ratios, densities of aphids, and ages of aphids. The bioassays were performed at 25 ± 1°C and 70 ± 10% RH under a 12-hour photoperiod, with aphids taken from roses of the cultivar Avalanche. Consumption was assessed by making young aphids (2nd and 3rd instars) and more developed aphids (4th instar and adult) available throughout the larval stage of the predator. The predatory efficiency and survival were studied for second-instar larvae offered M. rosae nymphs at densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 using predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed 24, 48, and 72 hours after putting the species together. All of the C. externa instars consumed younger than older aphids. Larvae in the third instar consumed 80% of the young aphids and 77% of the older aphids. The higher the predator:prey ratio and larval density, the higher the predatory efficiency and the lower the larval survival. The ratios 1:5 and 1:10 led to the elimination of younger and older aphid populations 72 hours into the interaction between species.

Seropositividad de Brucella abortus en ganado bovino de Aguazul- Casanare / Seropositivity of Brucella abortus in cattle from Aguazul- Casanare

Resumen Introducción. La Brucelosis bovina, es una enfermedad bacteriana e infecto contagiosa, causada por Brucella abortus. Se transmite a través de la ingestión de forrajes y aguas contaminadas con descargas vaginales infectadas, que conlleva a una patología del sistema reproductor en bovinos, que impactan la sanidad pecuaria y la economía de la agroindustria. Objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento de la brucelosis bovina en el municipio de Aguazul, Casanare (Colombia) y los factores asociados al desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Metodología. Estudio descritptivo de 26.187 muestras de suero sanguíneo de ganado bovino evaluadas, que corresponden a 260 predios del municipio de Aguazul. Se empleó técnicas serológicascomo rosa de bengala, fluorescencia polarizada y ELISA competitiva para la evaluación de positividad a Brucella abortus y se evaluaron las pérdidas económicas asociadas a positividad en los ensayos de laboratorio. Resultados y conclusiones. La positividad a brucelosis bovina correspondió al 1%, que corresponde a hembras menores de 24 meses de edad y entre 37 a 48 meses y, machos entre los 57 a 68 meses de edad. Se sugiere consolidar esfuerzos en investigación para evaluar los factores que contribuyen a la seropositividad en el ganado y el riesgo para la propagación y mantenimiento de la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction. Bovine brucellosis is a contagious bacterial and infectious disease caused by Brucella abortus. It is transmitted through the ingestion of forage and water contaminatedwith infected vaginal discharges, which leads to a pathology of the reproductive system inbovines, which impacts livestock health and the economy of agribusiness. Aim. To evaluatethe behavior of bovine brucellosis in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare (Colombia) and the factors associated with the development of this disease. Methodology. Descriptive study of 26,187 bovine blood serum samples evaluated, corresponding to 260 farms in the municipality of Aguazul. Serological techniques such as rose bengal, polarized fluorescence, and competitive ELISA were used to evaluate positivity to Brucella abortus and the economic losses associated with positivity in laboratory tests were evaluated. Results and conclusions. The positivity to bovine brucellosis corresponded to 1%, which corresponds to females under 24 months of age and between 37 to 48 months and males between 57 to 68 months of age. It is suggested to consolidate research efforts to evaluate the factors that contribute to seropositivity in cattle and the risk for the spread and maintenance of the disease

Comparison of Modified Rose Method of Thyroid Palpation versus other Methods for the Detection of Retrosternal and Nodular Goitre / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objectives@#This is a diagnostic test research study to evaluate the various existing methods of thyroid examination and their comparison with the novel modified Rose method. It also aims to measure inter-examiner variation in clinical findings based on the level of education and training, as compared to ultrasonography.@*Methodology@#This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 83 patients presenting to surgery OPD with neck swelling. Each patient was examined by one trained Junior Resident and a Surgery Consultant with all the four methods and with ultrasonography. Data was analysed by Stata-14, agreement between the two categorical variables was assessed by Kappa. In case of continuous variable agreement was assessed by Intra class correlation and Bland-Altman plot.@*Results@#Modified Rose method by the consultant has the highest sensitivity (98%) and diagnostic odds (210) as compared to others but its specificity ranges from 46.7-91.1% to diagnose retro-sternal extension of a goiter. It has 93.98% agreement for identification of nodules. It has a high specificity (Consultant - 100%, Resident - 95.5%) with relatively lower sensitivity (Consultant - 94%, Resident - 86.8%) to diagnose solitary thyroid nodule (STN) but the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing a multinodular goitre (MNG) was high. However, the highest sensitivity to diagnose STN was highest with Crile’s method, but specificity was low. Lahey’s method was a better clinical method to palpate lymph nodes compared to the other three.@*Conclusion@#Examination in modified Rose’s position is a better method of clinical examination of thyroid especially in patients with occult substernal extension. Lahey’s method is a better method to examine cervical lymph nodes.

O evolucionismo na psicologia educacional: uma análise historiográfica / Evolutionary theory in educational psychology: a historiographical analysis

Resumo Analisa-se o discurso sobre o desenvolvimento humano veiculado em manuais de psicologia educacional destinados à formação docente. Caracteriza-se nesses discursos a presença da "teoria da recapitulação". Essa teoria, elaborada por Ernst Haeckel no campo da embriologia no final do século XIX, afirma que o indivíduo atravessa diversos estágios de desenvolvimento, que correspondem à forma adulta de seus antepassados na sequência evolutiva. Foi apropriada pela psicologia e serviu como modelo explicativo para diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento, desde as diferenças individuais e grupais na forma e no tamanho do cérebro até a evolução da linguagem e da moral. A análise recorre aos escritos de Michel Foucault acerca da análise do discurso e de Nikolas Rose a respeito da história da psicologia.

Abstract We analyze the discourse on human development in educational psychology manuals written for teacher training. "Recapitulation theory" is seen in this discourse. This theory, developed by Ersnt Haeckel in the field of embryology in the late nineteenth century, asserts that individuals pass through different development stages that correspond to the adult form of their ancestors in the evolutionary sequence. It was appropriated by psychology and served as an explanatory model for various different aspects of development, for everything from individual and group differences in the shape and size of the brain to the evolution of language and morals. The analysis refers to the writings of Michel Foucault on discourse analysis and to those of Nikolas Rose on the history of psychology.

In vitro evaluation of an antibacterial effect of rose leaves and petals extract along with antibiotics on Escherichia coli

Background: Today Herbal medicine are commonly used because of their easy availability and affordability. It is more closely corresponds to the patient’s belief, concerns about the adverse effects of chemical (synthetic) medicines, persuade a desire for more personalized health care, and allows significant public access to health information. The major use of herbal medicines is for health promotion and treatment for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, conditions. Usage of traditional remedies increases when conventional medicine is less effective in the treatment of disease, such as in advanced cancer and in the face of new infectious diseases. The hibiscus Rosa sinensis plant extract have multiple organic component like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids which are known to have antibacterial activity against E. coli, P aeruginosa, Salmonella species. Phytotherapy is considered to be less toxic and minimal or no side effects in comparison to modern allopathic medicines. Therefore, in today’s scenario there has been reappearance of interest developed in herbal medicine. Therefore, the study was planned to look for antibacterial activity of extract of petals and leaves of hibiscus Rosa sinensis against.Methods: Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical samples along with resistant antibiotics. All resistant isolates were tested along with hibiscus Rosa sinensis extract both leaves and petals ex-tract with resistant antibiotics.Results: We found that out of total 51, 35 (68.63%) were resistant E. coli isolates to different antibiotics and 85.72% were from urine samples. Enhancement effect in zone size with many resistant antibiotics was seen individually with both extracts. Antibiotics like ampicillin, cefotaxime, cotrimaxazole, cefuroxime, piperacillin, gentamycin showed more enhancement with rose petal extract than leaves. While antibiotic like levofloxacin (5%) showed enhancement only with leaves extract and not with the petals extract.Conclusions: It was found that Rose petal extract showed more antibacterial activity along with the antibiotics as compare to Rose leaves extract.

Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To make full usage of resource and turn waste into treasure, the chemical constituents and bioactivity were firstly investigated on Damask rose (Rosa damascena) flower residue (DRFR). Methods: DPPH and ABTS experiments were applied to assess the antioxidant activity of DRFR. Then, column chromatography was used to purify compounds from an antioxidation extract (DRFR-A), and the chemical structure was identified using NMR. The total phenolic acid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and the content of gallic acid of the indicator ingredient was detected by HPLC. Results: DRFR-A was found to show a high activity both on DPPH (IC50: 2.760 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50: 2.258 µg/mL) compared to positive control VC. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), gallic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (4), pyrogallic acid (5), 2-phenylethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (6), methyl gallate (7), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (9) and astragalin (10) from DRFR-A. Among them, pyrogallic acid, 2-phenylethyl-3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol are obtained from the plant for the first time. The content of total phenolic acids and gallic acid, main ingredient in DRFR-A was determined as 63.73% and 24.67%, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides a reliable data and lays the foundation for the development and utilization of rose residue, and hence for the full utilization of rose resources.

Determination of mexiletine hydrochloride by rose Bengal probe using dual-wavelength resonance light scattering technology / 药学学报

The resonance light scattering (RLS) spectral characteristics of the interaction between rose Bengal and mexiletine hydrochloride in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide were investigated. A dual-wavelength resonance light scattering (DWO-RLS) method for the determination of mexiletine hydrochloride in drugs was established. In a weakly acidic solution, rose Bengal interacts with mexiletine hydrochloride and cetylpyridinium bromide to form a red ternary ion association complex, which led to a significantly enhanced resonance light scattering signal and produced two strong characteristic scattering peaks at 372 nm and 596 nm. In these two wavelengths the mass concentration of mexiletine hydrochloride was in the range of 0.004 to 0.65 mg·L-1 and had a good linear relationship with the resonance light scattering enhancement intensity (ΔIRLS), with detection limits of 0.003 2 mg·L-1 (372 nm) and 0.003 8 mg·L-1 (596 nm), respectively. When measured by the dual-wavelength resonance light scattering (DWO-RLS) technique, the detection limit was lower, only 0.001 8 mg·L-1. When the DWO-RLS method was applied to the determination of mexiletine hydrochloride in commercially available mexiletine hydrochloride tablets, and the recovery was 98.5%-103%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.0%-2.7%.

Estudio climatológico de los vientos para la ciudad de Bogotá en el periodo 2010 - 2016 / Climatological study of the winds for the city of Bogotá in the period 2010-2016 / Estudo climatológico dos ventos para a cidade de Bogotá no período de 2010 a 2016

Resumen En Colombia, hay una carencia en los estudios climatológicos del viento, ya que, los que existen actualmente no aplican técnicas estadísticas ni periodos representativos adecuados. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio analiza el comportamiento climatológico del viento en la ciudad de Bogotá, para el periodo 2010 a 2016, buscando describir estadística, espacial y vectorialmente esta variable climatológica. Para empezar se realizó un análisis estadístico del conjunto de datos, de la velocidad del viento, mediante el software Windographer©, utilizando las técnicas exploratorias para la distribución Weibull, describiendo así los parámetros estadísticos de las estaciones en las principales zonas de la ciudad. Del mismo modo, se elaboraron las rosas de los vientos por estación, con el software WRPLOT™; y para finalizar se realizó un mapa vectorial mediante el método de interpolación Co-Kriging utilizando el sistema de información geográfica ArcGis®. Observando que el régimen de circulación atmosférico en Bogotá está estrechamente relacionado con la presencia de los cerros orientales y con la predominancia de los vientos alisios; así mismo, se encontró que la mayor velocidad del viento se presenta al suroeste, y las magnitudes más débiles, al norte y en cercanía a los cerros orientales.

Abstract In Colombia, there is a lack in wind weather studies, since those that currently exist do not apply statistical techniques or adequate representative periods. Therefore, the present study analyzes the wind weather behavior in the city of Bogotá, for the period 2010 to 2016, seeking to describe this weather variable statistically spatially and vectorially. To begin with, a statistical analysis of the data set, of the wind speed, was performed using the Windographer© software, using the exploratory techniques for the Weibull distribution, thus describing the statistical parameters of the stations in the main areas of the city. Similarly wind roses were made per season, using the WRPLOT ™ software; and, finally, a vector map was made using the Co-Kriging interpolation method, using the ArcGis® geographic information system. Noting that the atmospheric circulation regime in Bogotá is closely related to the presence of the eastern hills and the predominance of trade winds; Likewise, it was found that the highest wind speed is presented to the southwest, and the weakest magnitudes, to the north and in proximity to the eastern hills.

Resumo Na Colômbia, há falta de estudos sobre o clima do vento, uma vez que os existentes atualmente não aplicam técnicas estatísticas ou períodos representativos adequados. Portanto, o presente estudo analisa o comportamento do clima eólico na cidade de Bogotá, no período de 2010 a 2016, buscando descrever esta variável climática de forma estatística, espacial e vetorial. Para começar foi realizada uma análise estatística do conjunto de dados, da velocidade do vento, utilizando o software Windographer©, utilizando as técnicas exploratórias para a distribuição de Weibull, descrevendo assim os parâmetros estatísticos das estacoes nas principais áreas da cidade. Da mesma forma, foram feitas rosas de vento por temporada, usando o software WRPLOT ™; e, finalmente, foi feito um mapa vetorial usando o método de interpolação Co-Kriging, usando o sistema de informação geográfica ArcGis®. Observando que o regime de circulação atmosférica em Bogotá está intimamente relacionado com a presença dos montes orientais e predominância de ventos alísios; da mesma forma, verificou-se que a maior velocidade do vento é apresentada na região sudeste, e as magnitudes mais fracas, ao norte e nas proximidades das colinas orientais.

Schinus terebinthifolius essential oil and fractions in the control of Aedes aegypti / Schinus terebinthifolius óleo essencial e frações no controle do Aedes aegypti

Several technologies have been developed to controlAedes aegypti, mainly studies on isolated plant molecules. The Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as pink pepper is a plant widely used in reforestation of degraded areas and its fruits are used as condiments. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of essential oils (EOs) and fractions (FRs) obtained from fresh fruits and leaves of S. terebinthifolius. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation (2 hours), fractionated on a chromatographic column using as the stationary phase silica gel 60 (0.063-0.2mm), mobile phases: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol and chemically evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). EOs and FRs were tested against larvae of the third stage and pupae of Ae. aegypti by Immersion Test at concentrations ranging from 500.00 to 0.003 mg mL-1 (v/v). The hexane FRs obtained from fruits and leaves were the ones that showed the greatest activity on the larvae (LC99.9= 0.60 mg mL-1 and LC99.9 0.64 mg mL-1, respectively) and pupae (LC99,9 = 2.51 mg mL-1 and 2.61 mg mL-1, respectively). These results were confirmed by the anticholinesterase activity where the hexane (fruit and leaf) FRs presented the highest inhibitory potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (0.156 mg mL-1 and 0.312 mg mL-1, respectively), suggesting the likely mechanism of action. The larvicidal potential can be explained by the presence of the major compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the hexane FRs, indicating in this way that they may replace or even act in synergisms with conventional chemical larvicides. In this way the present study opens the field for new researches, aiming the development of products with the compounds bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D, as an alternative in the control of this culicide.

Diversas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas para o controle do Aedes aegypti, destacando pesquisas com moléculas isoladas de plantas. A Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) (Anacardiaceae), conhecida popularmente como pimenta rosa é uma planta muito utilizada no reflorestamento de áreas degradadas e seus frutos são utilizados como condimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o potencial dos óleosessenciais (OEs) e frações (FRs) obtidos dos frutos e folhas frescos de S. terebinthifolius. Os OEs foram obtidos por hidrodestilação (2 horas), fracionados em coluna cromatográfica utilizando como fase estacionária sílica gel 60 (0,063-0,2mm), fases móveis: n-hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol e avaliados quimicamente por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Os OEs e FRs foram testados frente a larvas do terceiro estádio e pupas do Ae. aegypti pelo Teste de Imersão em concentrações que variaram de 500,00 à 0,003 mg/mL (v/v). As FRs hexano obtidas dos frutos e folhas, foram as que apresentaram maior atividade sobre as larvas (CL99,9= 0,60 mg mL-1 e CL99,9 0,64 mg mL-1, respectivamente) e pupas (CL99,9= 2,51mg mL-1 e 2,61 mg mL-1, respectivamente). Estes resultados foram confirmados pela atividade anticolinesterase onde as FRs hexano (fruto e folha), foram as que apresentaram maior potencial inibitório sobre a enzima acetilcolinesterase (0,156 mg mL-1 e 0,312 mg mL-1, respectivamente), sugerindo desta forma o provável mecanismo de ação. O potencial larvicida encontrado pode ser explicado pela presença dos compostos majoritários biciclogermacreno e germacreno D nas FRs hexano, indicando desta forma, queestes possam vir a substituir, ou até mesmo agir em sinergismos com os larvicidas químicos convencionais. Desta forma o presente estudo abre campo para novas pesquisas, visando o desenvolvimento de produtos com os compostos bicyclogermacrene e germacrene D, como alternativa no controle deste culicídeo.

A Study of Efficacy and Tolerability of Rosehip Extract (Gopo) vs. Ibuprofen (a nsaid) in Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Weight Bearing Joints

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. Osteoarthritis is a joint failure, which occurs due to pathological change in all structure joint. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Rosehip Extract and ibuprofen along with individual effect of both drugs. Materials and Methods: This was an open, randomized, prospective study to compare ROSE HIP Extract and IBUPROFEN for treatment of Osteoarthritis in 100 patients. In this study two comparative groups (50 each) were taken. First group was prescribed 400 mg TDS Ibuprofen and the other group was given Rose hip extract in the form of 275 mg capsule BD. The pain assessment was done through Womac scale and visual analogue scale. The data was collected for efficacy and tolerability for both drugs at 14 days and 3 months. Result: In ibuprofen group, the mean score of pain intensity on womac scale on visit 1 was 39.2 ± 9.58 which was decreased to 11.62 ± 4.97 in the last visit. On VAS scale on visit 1 was 7.26 ± 1.426 and was decreased to 3.36 ± 1.467 at visit 3. In rosehip group. The mean score of pain intensity on WOMAC scale on visit 1 was 38.44 ± 8.45, 30.88 ± 8.068 which was decreased to 26.68 ± 8.474. The mean score of pain intensity at on VAS scale on visit 1 was 7.02 ± 1.06, 5.84 ± 1 and was decreased to 4.6 ± 1.16 at the end of study. Conclusion: Ibuprofen is a better choice than rosehip because it had shown better improvement. Both rosehip and ibuprofen were well tolerated.

Utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for the molecular classification of progressive breast cancer / Utilidad de la aspiración transbronquial con aguja guiada por ultrasonido endobronquial con evaluación rápida in situ para la clasificación de cáncer de mama progresivo

Abstract Evidence of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in extrathoracic malignancy is limited but emergent. The technique plays a vital role in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, staging, and restaging of lung cancer. Its usefulness for the evaluation and molecular classification of progressive breast cancer is described in 7 patients. Stations 7, 11L, and 11R were punctured. Cellblocks, immunohistochemistry and digital analysis were developed in 100% of the cases for molecular classification. This procedure requires multidisciplinary evaluation, image analysis, and evaluation of the general condition of the patient, as well as the risks and benefits. Additionally, it is essential teamwork with a pathology group that performs the rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), in order to ensure the quality of the samples and molecular characterization.

Resumen Evidencia de la aspiración transbronquial con aguja guiada por ultrasonido endobronquial en malignidad extratorácica es limitada pero emergente. Esta técnica desempeña un papel vital en el diagnóstico de lesiones mediastinales, estadificación y reestadificación del cáncer pulmonar. Se describe su utilidad para la evaluación y la clasificación molecular del cáncer de mama en progresión de siete pacientes. Se puncionaron las estaciones (ganglionares) 7, 11L y 11R. Se desarrollaron bloques celulares, inmunohistoquímica y análisis digital en el 100% de los casos para clasificación molecular. Este procedimiento requiere una evaluación multidisciplinaria, análisis de imágenes y la evaluación del estado general de la paciente, lo mismo que los riesgos y los beneficios. Adicionalmente, es esencial el trabajo conjunto con un grupo de patología que realice la evaluación rápida en sala (ROSE), para así asegurar la calidad de las muestras y la caracterización molecular.

Canna indica-chitin-alginate composite beads for the treatment of textile dye effluent containing Rose Bengal dye

Aim: To study the adsorption of Rose Bengal dye used in textile industries by Canna indica-chitin-alginate beads. Methodology: C. indica-chitin-alginate composite beads were prepared using root tubers of Canna indica, chitin from shrimp shells and sodium alginate. Batch adsorption of Rose Bengal dye was carried out with optimized parameters like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and dye concentrations. Characterization studies like SEM, FTIR and TGA and reusability of composite beads were also studied. Results: The maximum adsorption of 97.9% was obtained at pH 6, 80 min contact time with the optimized ratio of 1:1:0.05 C. indica-chitin-alginate towards 100 mg l-1 dye concentration. The SEM analysis showed a porous surface morphology whereas FTIR results exhibited the functional groups of Rose Bengal dye and composite beads, proving successful adsorption. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the composite beads could withstand a maximum temperature of 300oC. Interpretation: It is inferred from the study that a biosorbent prepared from a commonly available plant and shells of shrimp, which is considered as a waste, can be effectively used in the adsorption of harmful textile dyes from the effluent in an eco-friendly and cost-effective way.

Comparative Evaluation of Rose Bengal Plate test and ELISA in lab Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis

Human brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis reported worldwide. It is mainly an occupational disease reported in farmers, veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, animal handlers and meat inspectors. Unavailability of automated blood culture systems makes isolation difficult and diagnosis mainly depends on serological and molecular methods. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, a total of 127 serum samples, 28 from pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) cases and 99 from high risk cases like veterinary personnel, butchers, nomads, farmers and gawalas, were serologically tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay (ELISA) and results were analyzed. Results: Out of 127 samples, 20 were tested positive by RBPT while 24 tested positive by ELISA. None of the PUO cases and veterinary personnel tested positive by RBPT or ELISA. Positivity was more among males, urban area, history of animal contact and consumption of raw milk. ELISA was found to be more sensitive and specific than RBPT. Conclusion: In our study significant prevalence of brucellosis was found among occupationally exposed persons. Most of the positive cases were found to be asymptomatic and those who were symptomatic had non-specific complaints. The findings signified silent presence of disease in our society. RBPT can be used as a rapid screening test in the peripheral resource poor labs and in absence of culture ELISA can be used for further confirmation.

Rosa mosqueta como potencial agente cicatrizante / Rosa mosqueta como agente curativo potencial / Rosehip as a potential healing agent

RESUMO Introdução: O óleo extraído das sementes da Rosa Mosqueta (Rosa aff rubiginosa ou Rosa canina L.) é rico em ácidos graxos insaturados e ácido transretinóico cujas propriedades têm despertado o interesse desse insumo no processo de cicatrização. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento de estudos sobre a aplicação tópica do óleo de Rosa Mosqueta para cicatrização de feridas. Métodos: A busca foi realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas entre julho e setembro de 2015 por meio dos descritores "Rosa Mosqueta", "wound", "Rosa aff rubiginosa", "healing" ou "Rosa canina", sendo incluídos artigos originais e de revisão. Foram encontradas 7 publicações, sendo uma revisão de literatura, três estudos experimentais não clínicos, um estudo clínico de delineamento não-experimental, um estudo com delineamento quase-experimental e outro com delineamento experimental, porém de baixa qualidade metodológica. Conclusões: Estudos indicam que em lesões de cicatrização por primeira intenção, o óleo deve ser utilizado após 48 h do procedimento. O óleo refinado é mais estável que o óleo bruto e apresenta efeitos terapêuticos mesmo em baixa concentração. No entanto, os estudos clínicos possuem vieses metodológicos que reduzem o nível de evidência e não são suficientes para uma recomendação. Já os estudos não clínicos mostram que o óleo de Rosa Mosqueta pode ter atividade imunomodulatória no leito da ferida e favorecer a deposição de colágeno e organização tecidual(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: el aceite extraído de las semillas de Rosa mosqueta (Rosa aff rubiginosa ou Rosa canina L.) presenta en su composición ácidos grasos esenciales y ácido transretinoico, cuyas propiedades han atraído el interés de aplicación de este insumo en el proceso de cicatrización de la piel. Objetivo: llevar a cabo un estudio de encuesta sobre la aplicación tópica de este aceite. Métodos: la investigación se desarrolló en las bases de datos electrónicas entre los meses de julio y septiembre de 2015 com las seguintes palabras clave: "Rosa Mosqueta", "wound", "Rosa aff rubiginosa", "healing" ou "Rosa canina" que incluyó artículos originales y de revisión sin. Fueron obtenidos siete artículos: un artículo de revisión, tres estudios experimentales no clínicos, un estudio clínico de diseño no experimental, un estudio de diseño casi-experimental y otro con el diseño experimental, pero todos ellos con baja calidad metodológica. Conclusiones: los trabajos evaluados indicaron que para la cicatrización de la herida por primera intención, el aceite debe ser utilizado después de 48 horas del procedimiento. El producto refinado es más estable que el crudo y tiene efectos terapéuticos incluso en baja concentración. Sin embargo, los estudios clínicos tienen sesgos metodológicos que reducen el nivel de evidencia, y no son suficientes para una recomendación terapéutica. Los estudios no clínicos mostraron que el aceite de Rosa mosqueta puede tener actividad inmunomoduladora en el lecho de la herida y promover la deposición de colágeno y organización del tejido(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The oil extracted of Rose hip' seeds (Rosa aff rubiginosa or Rosa canina L.) is rich in fatty acids and transretinoic acid whose properties have attracted the interest this input in the healing process. Objective: To conduct a survey of studies on topical application of rosehip oil for wound healing. Methods: The search was conducted on electronic databases between july and September 2015 using the following descriptors: "Rosa Mosqueta", "wound", "Rosa aff rubiginosa", "healing" ou "Rosa canina", which included original and review articles. We found 7 publications: one literature review, three non-clinical experimental studies, one clinical study of non-experimental design, one study of quasi-experimental design and the other with experimental design, but low methodological quality. Conclusions: The studies show that in healing by first intention, the oil must be used 48h after the procedure. The refined oil is more stable than the crude oil and maintain therapeutic effects even at lower concentrations. However, clinical studies contain methodological bias to reduce the level of evidence and are not sufficient for appropriate recommendation. The non-clinical studies show that rosehip oil may have immunomodulatory activity in wound bed and promotes collagen deposition and tissue organization(AU)

Rooting of Tineke and Natal Briar rose stem cuttings in different substrates / Enraizamento de estacas de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar em diferentes substratos

ABSTRACT: The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar × three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively.

RESUMO: A propagação comercial de roseiras é realizada assexuadamente, pelo método de estaquia. O material genético e o substrato são fatores que interferem no processo rizogênico das estacas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do substrato sobre o enraizamento de estacas de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar. Foram utilizados ramos floríferos de plantas matrizes cortadas em bisel no ápice e na base, com aproximadamente 8cm e duas gemas, sendo retirada a folha basal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um fatorial 2 x 3 (duas cultivares, Tineke e Natal Briar x três substratos, casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco e TN Gold ® ), contendo quatro repetições de 15 estacas por repetição. A base das estacas foi imersa por cinco segundos em solução de 2000mg L-1 de IBA (ácido indol butírico). As estacas foram colocadas em bandejas com 24 células previamente preenchidas com substrato e depositadas no chão em túnel plástico transparente, construído dentro da estufa. Após 50 dias de experimentação avaliaram-se as estacas enraizadas (%), brotadas (%) e mortas (%), comprimento das raízes (cm), biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raízes (g). A porcentagem de enraizamento da cultivar Natal Briar foi de 75%, superior à cultivar Tineke, que obteve 39% de estacas enraizadas. Melhores substratos para a estaquia de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar são a CAC e fibra de coco que proporcionaram o enraizamento de 81 e 67% das estacas respectivamente.

Optimization of extraction process of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean by orthogonal test and its inhibitory effect on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle / 药物评价研究

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean (TTROG) by orthogonal test combined with the contraction effect of TTROG on the isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rats in vitro.Methods UV spectrophotometric method was used to determine the contents of total triterpenoids in the TTROG extractive at the wavelength of 550 nm by taking ursolic acid as standard substance,and vanillin acetic acid as chromogenic reagent.The extraction rate of total triterpenoids was used as index to evaluate the technology based on single factor test,in which three factors were considered as follows:the concentration of extraction solvent,ratio of material to liquid,extraction time,and their interaction on extraction were studied by orthogonal experimental design.The inhibition effect of different extracts obtained from the optimized extraction process on the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle were recorded by tension transducer to the BL-420 biological experimental multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system.The extraction process of TTROG was evaluated by the combination of biological activity and extraction rate with weighting method.Results The optimal extraction conditions of TTROG were as follows:extraction solvent 80％ ethanol,solid-liquid ratio 1∶10,extraction time for 2 h,three times and extraction temperature of 80 ℃.The optimized extraction rate could reach 42.12 mg/g.TTROG obtained using the optimized method showed significantly contraction effect on rat intestinal smooth muscle with dose effect dependence,and the effect on jejunum was the strongest,and the inhibition rate was 41.96％.Conclusion The optimized extraction technology is stable and effective with high extraction rate.TTROG showed the significant inhibitory function on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle.