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Objective:To design and manufacture the female infant diaper, and to explore the application effect of the diaper in routine urine collection of female infants.Methods:Female infants hospitalized in department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation of Children′s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the chronological order, 148 female infants admitted from July to December 2020 were selected as the control group, and 154 female infants admitted from January 2021 to June 2021 were selected as the experimental group. In the experimental group, urine routine was collected by female infants diapers, while in the control group, urine routine was collected by traditional disposable urine collection bag. The time required for routine urine collection, the number of urine collection bags, the incidence of perineal skin injury and the satisfaction of parents were observed.Results:The time required for routine urine collection was (16.86 ± 12.58) h in the experimental group and (28.76 ± 22.20) h in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=5.70, P<0.05). The number of female infant diapers in experimental group was (1.69 ± 0.67); The number of disposable urine collection bags used in the control group was (2.76 ± 1.32), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=8.81, P<0.05). In the experimental group, the incidence of perineal skin injury was 0. In the control group, the incidence of perineal skin injury was 24.8%(42/148). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-9.78, P<0.01). The satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was 98.7% (152/154), witch higher than that in the control group was 79.7% (118/148), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-9.68, P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional disposable urine collection bag, the diaper collection for female infants can shorten the time required for routine urine collection, reduce the number of urine collection tools, reduce the incidence of perineal lesions in children, improve the satisfaction of parents of children, reflect the people-oriented nursing concept, and provide greater clinical convenience.
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BACKGROUND: The 24-hr urine protein excretion test is regarded as a standard for quantitative urinary protein analysis; however, collection of urine over 24 hr is troublesome and errors may occur during the process. We obtained a test index reflecting diluted or concentrated urine by coupling the results of a simple and rapid routine urine analysis and evaluated its usefulness as a marker that quantitatively reflects the 24-hr urine protein excretion. METHODS: The estimated urine protein-osmolality ratio (Pro/Osm) was obtained by two linear regression equations between urine dipstick protein and natural logarithm of the protein concentration, and between urine specific gravity (SG) and urine osmolality (Osm). Sensitivity and specificity of 'estimated urine Pro/Osm' and the widely used urine protein-creatinine ratio were evaluated for their efficiency in diagnosing pathological proteinuria and nephrotic proteinuria based on 24-hr urine protein excretion. RESULTS: Moderate correlations were noted between protein concentration determined by the urine dipstick protein assay and natural logarithm of protein concentration (r=0.86) and between urine SG and urine Osm (r=0.74). The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that an estimated urine Pro/Osm value of 0.045 had a sensitivity of 91.1% and a specificity of 88.6% for diagnosing pathological proteinuria, and a value of 0.204 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80.4% for diagnosing nephrotic proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS: Coupling the results of urine dipstick protein and urine SG determined by the routine analysis will provide additional useful information that will make the screening of renal diseases more cost-effective.