RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to better understand farmers' perceptions regarding sheep welfare and procedures concerning the tail docking of sheep in the state of Parana, Southern Brazil. The study was carried out via telephone interviews or personally with 146 sheep farmers. Twenty-eight farmers (19.2%) did not tail dock; the main reasons given were because they raised short-hair sheep breeds. One hundred and eighteen farmers docked their sheep tails (80.8%). The main reasons given were hygiene (61.0%), facilitated mating (42.4%), breed standards (29.7%), and esthetics (26.3%). Rubber ring was the main method used for tail docking. Although farmers in Parana recognized that sheep are sentient animals and that tail docking causes pain, anesthesia was used by only six (5.1%) farmers during the procedure of tail docking. Our results showed that farmers' opinions on sheep tail docking are divergent. Farmers who perform tail docking must be encouraged to use anesthesia and analgesia, and to ponder on the real need for the practice. This statement seems especially relevant considering the fact that some farmers reported the viability of maintaining wool sheep with undocked tails and that they recognized the suffering involved in this procedure.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender melhor a percepção de ovinocultores em relação ao bem-estar de ovinos e aos procedimentos envolvendo a caudectomia desses animais no Paraná, sul do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas telefônicas ou pessoalmente com 146 ovinocultores. Vinte e oito ovinocultores (19,2%) não realizavam caudectomia; a principal razão citada foi porque os produtores criavam ovelhas deslanadas (pelo curto). Cento e dezoito ovinocultores realizavam a caudectomia (80,8%) e as principais razões citadas foram: higiene (61,0%), monta facilitada (42,4%), padrão racial (29,7%) e estética (26,3%). O principal método utilizado para realizar a caudectomia foi o anel de borracha. Apesar dos ovinocultores no Paraná reconhecerem que ovinos são animais sencientes e que a caudectomia causa dor, somente seis (5,1%) aplicavam anestesia durante o procedimento. Nossos resultados demonstram que a opinião dos ovinocultores com relação à caudectomia é divergente. Ovinocultores que realizam a caudectomia devem ser encorajados a usar anestesia e analgesia, além de ponderar a real necessidade para essa prática. Essa afirmação se mostra relevante ao considerar o fato de que alguns produtores relataram a viabilidade de manter ovinos lanados com cauda inteira e o reconhecimento por parte deles do sofrimento causado aos animais durante a remoção da cauda.
RESUMEN
Objective·To investigate and compare the curative effect of rubber ring and dental floss combined with hemoclipping assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) on gastrointestinal tumors.Methods·A total of 54 patients with gastrointestinal tumors were collected.Twenty-seven patients in rubber ring group accepted ESD assisted by rubber ring with hemoclipping,and the other 27 patients in dental floss group accepted ESD assisted by dental floss.with hemoclipping.Duration of the operation,installation time of the traction device,detachment frequency of hemoclipping,injury of mucosa,one-time complete resection rate,and complication rate were analyzed as key indicators.Results·The detachment frequency of hemoclipping in rubber ring group was significantly less than that in dental floss group (t=4.418,P＜0.05).There was no injury of mucosa in rubber ring group,while,three patients had mucosa injury in dental floss group.There was no statistically significant difference on duration of operation,installation time of traction device,one-time complete resection rate,and complication rate between two groups.After 2 ～ 12 months of follow-up,the wound healed well in all patients in rubber ring group.No evidence of tumor recurrence was noted.Conclusion·Compared with dental floss,rubber ring combined with hemoclipping is superior in assisted ESD,especially in the right half colon.It is an effective assist device with little trauma and adjustable direction.