RESUMEN
Keratoconus is a corneal ectatic disease characterized by progressive corneal thinning and protrusion. Its pathogenesis remains unclear. In vitro experiments have shown that mechanical stimulation may damage corneal stromal cells by increasing oxidative stress level and inflammatory factor concentration, resulting in a series of changes such as degradation of corneal extracellular matrix. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed that mechanical factors, including eye rubbing and eyeball compression caused by sleeping position, may play an important role in the process of keratoconus occurrence and development. They may affect the cornea by increasing the level of inflammatory factors in tear, causing changes in intraocular pressure, changing the biomechanical properties of the cornea, directly damaging corneal tissue by mechanical friction, and increasing the temperature of corneal epithelium. The main aim of this review was to describe the efforts of mechanical factors on corneal stromal cells, corneal tissue, and the possible role of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and management of keratoconus.
RESUMEN
Objective: To observe the effect of Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation on glucose metabolism and inflammatory factors in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=10) and a group for modeling (n=50) using the random number table method. Rats in the group for modeling were induced to form T2DM models by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Thirty successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, a Mo-Rubbing abdomen group, and a metformin group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group and the model group received no intervention, those in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group received Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation, and those in the metformin group received metformin by gavage. After 8-week intervention, fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and area under the curve at the oral glucose tolerance test (AUC-OGTT), as well as serum inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected, and the morphological changes of the pancreas were also observed. Results: After the 8-week intervention, the levels of FINS, FPG, HOMA-IR, and AUC-OGTT of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05); the pancreatic injury degree in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group and the metformin group was lower than that in the model group. Compared with the model group, the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels of the metformin group showed a downward trend; the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the metformin group (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between FPG with IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the T2DM rats (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation reduces the inflammatory response and improves the morphological changes of the pancreas in T2DM rats, thereby achieving the effect of lowering blood glucose.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of rubbing abdomen to regulate intestinal homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) mouse models.Methods:IBS-C mouse models of intestinal immune dysfunction were established using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced C57BL/J6 male mice. Thirty C57BL/J6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the model group, and the mogul group. After 7 days of modeling, mice in the mogul group were given a mogul mechanical stimulation intervention once per day for 2 weeks, while mice in the control and model groups were not given any intervention. Changes in serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17A were detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. The gene expression and protein levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot, respectively. The morphological changes were observed by HE staining. The CD44 and CD62L expression changes were observed by immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum of mice in the mogul group were decreased, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-7A in the tissues was down-regulated (all P<0.001). In addition, the gene expression and protein expression levels of IL-17A and IL-13 in the tissues of mice in the mogul group were decreased (all P<0.001). HE staining results showed that the mogul mechanical stimulation intervention could repair colonic tissues and reduce the inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that mogul mechanical stimulation intervention could downregulate the expression of CD44 but had no modulating effect on the expression of CD62L. Conclusions:Rubbing abdomen can improve intestinal homeostasis in IBS-C model mice by regulating changes in Th17 cell function.
RESUMEN
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of pediatric massage (tuina) for chronic cough in children. Methods: A total of 96 cases were randomized into a control group and an observation group, with 48 cases in each group. Cases in the control group received routine pediatric massage manipulations. Cases in the observation group received additional Mo-rubbing abdomen manipulation. The treatment was done 3 times a week and 12 times made up a treatment session. The cough symptom scores were evaluated before treatment and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 treatments respectively. Results: There were 8 dropouts in the observation group and 5 dropouts in the control group. Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in coughing score between the two groups (P>0.05). After 9 times of treatment, the total coughing scores were significantly reduced in both groups (both P<0.05); however, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in the score differences between before treatment and after 3, 6 and 9 times of treatment (all P>0.05). After 12 times of treatment, the total coughing scores were significantly reduced in both groups (both P<0.05), along with a statistical difference between the two groups in the score difference between before treatment and after 12 times of treatment (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference between the two groups in overall response (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 92.5％, versus 86.0％ in the control group, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The routine pediatric massage manipulations alone or in combination with Mo-rubbing abdomen manipulation both can significantly improve chronic cough in children; however, the combination obtains a better effect.
RESUMEN
Unfortunately, infections acquired during receiving health care contribute significantly in morbidity and mortality worldwide and hands are the principal mode of germ transmission in all health care facilities. Therefore, hand hygiene is the most useful intervention to curb the spread of harmful germs and avert health care-associated infections (HCAIs). But, health care providers very poorly comply with standard practices of hand hygiene. There is a paucity of studies which looks at the knowledge of standard hand hygiene precautions among medical and nursing students in eastern India. This study was conducted to assess and compare level of knowledge amongst medical and nursing students and to identify gaps in their knowledge.METHODSThis cross sectional study was performed by selecting 95 Second Professional MBBS students and 31 first year B.Sc. Nursing students with verbal consent and their level of knowledge was assessed with WHO hand hygiene questionnaire and analysed using percentages.RESULTSOut of total 27 questions asked, only 13 questions were answered correctly by more than 50% students of both groups but only 7 and 5 questions were correctly responded by more than 75% nursing and medical students respectively. Nursing students were significantly more aware in response to 5 questions whereas medical students outperformed their counterpart in only 3 questions. This study revealed that definitely there was a gap in the knowledge regarding hand hygiene amongst medical and nursing students but still comparatively nursing students were more knowledgeable in this field.CONCLUSIONSRepeated hand hygiene training sessions with monitoring and immediate performance feedback to generate awareness amongst students and to provide the current knowledge regarding prevention of HCAIs are the need of the hour.
RESUMEN
Objective: To explore the clinical effects of tropical Eucommia ulmoides compound-Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy which is from medicine of Li Nationality in Hainan combined with SET sling exercise therapy technique and lumbar-abdominal muscle training program on treating nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) as well as its influence on serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-endorphin levels. Methods: From June 2016 to June 2018, 42 NLBP patients were admitted to the outpatient and ward of Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, who were randomly divided into control group (n=21) and experimental group (n=21). On the basis of traditional massage manipulation, the control group adopts lumbar and abdominal muscles training, while Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy combined with SET sling exercise therapy was used in the experimental group. The treatment was given once every other day, three times a week and 20 min each time for 8 weeks. Then ODI index and VAS scale of low back pain, as well as serum 5-HT and beta-EP levels were observed and detected. Results: The improvement in low back pain index ODI index of the experimental group were better than that of the control group (control group from 21.23±1.57 to 4.78±0.86 while experiment group from 21.27±1.36 to 2.75±0.64 after 8 weeks' treatment)(P<0.05). VAS scale decreased significantly in the experiment group compared with control group (control group from 6.62±1.51 to 2.71±0.92 while experiment group from 6.71±1.55 to 1.83±0.79 after 8 weeks' treatment)(P<0.05). Serum 5-HT in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group [control group from (70.15±20.64) ng/mL to (127.34±40.59) ng/mL while experiment group from (68.72±19.18) ng/mL to (142.65±38.72) ng/mL after treatment](P<0.05) and beta-EP level ameliorates compared with control group [control group from (180.63±51.87) pg/mL to (225.76±57.63) pg/mL while experiment group from (172.39±50.72) pg/mL to (251.26±62.89) pg/mL after treatment](P<0.05). Conclusions: Tropical herb-Rattan Moxibustion liquid external rubbing therapy combined with SET sling exercise therapy technology shows significant effects on NLBP. The mechanism may be related to the improved serum 5-HT and beta-EP levels.
RESUMEN
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treatment with acupressure-rubbing method based on the theory of"Waist is the Storehouse of Kidney". Methods: A total of 120 patients with LDH were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with prone position and lumbar extension. The treatment group was treated with acupressure-rubbing method. All the patients were given treatment once a day and it was continuous for 2 weeks, then the corresponding curative effect was evaluated after experiment. Results: The overall clinical efficacy, waist JOA scores and VAS scores of the treatment group were better than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion: The mechanism of acupressure-rubbing method curing LDH may be through regulating the body.s immune system to achieve the effect of"benefiting kidney for relieving pain"and it is worthy of clinical application and in-depth research.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da escovação pré-operatória, efeito imediato e residual de dois antissépticos na redução bacteriana das mãos, previamente a procedimentos cirúrgicos bucais ambulatoriais. Metodologia: Para a realização do experimento, foram selecionados 20 acadêmicos de odontologia, que participaram de quatro grupos experimentais: grupo I, utilizando o polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVP-I) a 10% degermante associado à técnica de escovação cirúrgica, promovendo antissepsia mecânica e química; grupo II, PVP-I a 10% e o método de lavagem cirúrgica, realizando somente antissepsia química; grupo III, clorexidina a 2% associado à técnica de escovação cirúrgica; grupo IV, clorexidina a 2% realizando a técnica de lavagem cirúrgica. Resultado: Como resultado do efeito residual, o grupo I apresentou, em média, de 71% de redução bacteriana; o grupo II apresentou 83%; o grupo III, 97% de ação antimicrobiana, e o grupo IV demonstrou aproximadamente 97% de efeito bactericida. Conclusão: Ao se observar em dois grupos que utilizaram a mesma solução antisséptica em relação ao método de lavagem cirúrgica das mãos, ou seja, sem o uso de artefatos, este apresentou resultados melhores ou, no mínimo, semelhantes quanto à redução bacteriana em relação à técnica convencional de escovação cirúrgica. Com relação à solução antisséptica, a clorexidina apresentou maior redução da carga microbiana que o PVP-I.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative brushing, the immediately and residual effect of the antiseptics on bacterial reduction of hands, before the oral surgical procedures. Methodology: To the experiment, were selected 20 students of dentistry, who participated in four experimental groups: group I, using povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 10% degerming associated with hand-scrubbing, mechanical and chemical antisepsis; group II, PVP-I 10% and hand-rubbing, performing only chemical antisepsis; group III, digluconate of the chlorhexidine 2% solution degermante with hand-scrubbing; group IV, chlorhexidine 2% and hand-rubbing. Results: As a result of residual effect, the group I made on average 71% of bacterial reduction, while the group II showed 83%; group III resulted in 97% of antimicrobial action, the group IV showed approximately 97% of bactericidal effect. Conclusion: Noting that both groups used the same anti-septic solution to hand-rubbing method showed better at least similar results in bacterial reduction than hand-scrubbing. About the anti-septic solution the chlorhexidine showed greater reduction of microbial load that the PVP-I.