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Abstract Aim: To analyse the potential usefulness and clinical relevance of the assessment by echocardiography with left atrial strain, based on the myocardial atrial deformation curves with speckle-tracking velocity vector imaging (VVI), in the analysis of short-form recurrent atrial extra systoles in ambulatory patients not suffering from organic cardiopathy. Methods: We designed a descriptive, prospective, and observational study including 270 patients between the ages of 18 and 75 assessed during an outpatient cardiology consultation attended due to palpitations over a period of two years. Using ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, we selected cases with short forms of repetitive atrial extrasystole, isolated or recurrentatrial fibrillation and a control group formed by those patients without repetitive ectopia. All patients underwent a thorough echocardiographic study during their first cardiological visit. Results: The analysis of the dynamic curves segmental deformation generated after an atrial extrasystole can reveal different points of origin of the extrasystole and detect specific anatomical alterations in the interatrial conduction at the level of the Bachmann's fascicle showing different models of electro anatomical activation possibly involved in the appearance of repetitive forms. Higher values of dyssynchrony between the septal and lateral wall and elongation in the time of interatrial electromechanical conduction could also be related to the existence of repetitive ectopic beats. Conclusions: Our ambulatory study employing the left atrial longitudinal strain, particularly in its segmental analysis, provides new insights into its the usefulness and potential clinical relevance.
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad y relevancia clínica de la evaluación mediante ecocardiografía basada en las curvas de deformación auricular miocárdica con imágenes vectoriales de velocidad (VVI) de speckle-tracking, en el análisis de las extrasístoles auriculares recurrentes de corta duración en pacientes ambulatorios sin cardiopatía orgánica. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional que incluyó a 270 pacientes de entre 18 y 75 años evaluados durante una consulta externa de cardiología a la que acudieron por palpitaciones durante un periodo de dos años. Mediante el uso de monitorización electrocardiográfica ambulatoria, se seleccionaron casos con formas cortas de extrasistolia auricular repetitiva, fibrilación auricular aislada o repetitiva y un grupo control formado por aquellos pacientes sin ectopia repetitiva. Todos los pacientes se sometieron a un estudio ecocardiográfico exhaustivo durante su primera visita cardiológica. Resultados: El análisis de las curvas dinámicas de deformación segmentaria generadas tras un extrasístole auricular diferentes modelos de activación electroanatómica posiblemente implicados en la aparición de formas repetitivas. Valores mayores de disincronía entre la pared septal y lateral y el alargamiento en el tiempo de conducción electromecánica intraauricular pudieran también relacionarse con la existencia de latidos ectópicos repetitivos. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio ambulatorio empleando la deformación longitudinal auricular izquierda, particularmente en su análisis segmentario, proporciona nuevas perspectivas sobre su utilidad y potencial relevancia clínica.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El trabajo de investigación que se muestra en este artículo, ofrece una respuesta a la carencia de documentos orientadores para el direccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los pasos y carreras como elementos técnicos de enlace en los ejercicios competitivos de gimnasia rítmica; lo que a su vez, constituye un apoyo a la aplicación del Programa Integral de Preparación del Deportista (PIPD 2017-2020) y de soporte de capacitación a las entrenadoras encargadas de la preparación de las gimnastas. Objetivo: Ello encaminó el objetivo de la investigación a la elaboración de una guía metodológica en formato multimedia que sirva a las entrenadoras en el proceso de enseñanza de estos elementos contenidos en el PIPD. Materiales y métodos: Los métodos de investigación de nivel teórico utilizados (análisis y síntesis, enfoque de sistema) y los de nivel empírico (la encuesta, la entrevista y el criterio de especialista, el análisis de documentos y la observación de videos). Resultados: Se demuestra la afectación agravada de la enseñanza por los diversos modelos técnicos metodológicos actuantes. Conclusiones: Se concluye planteando que una guía metodológica debe contener la descripción técnica y su metodología de enseñanza, los errores más comunes, elementos de preparación especial para la consecución y las recomendaciones.
RESUMO Introdução: O trabalho de pesquisa mostrado neste artigo, oferece uma resposta à falta de documentos orientadores para a direção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem das etapas e corridas como elementos técnicos de ligação nos exercícios competitivos da ginástica rítmica; o que, por sua vez, constitui um apoio para a aplicação do Programa Integral de Preparação do Atleta (PIPD 2017-2020) e de apoio ao treinamento dos treinadores encarregados da preparação dos ginastas. Objetivo: Isto levou o objetivo da pesquisa à elaboração de um guia metodológico em formato multimídia que serve aos treinadores no processo de ensino destes elementos contidos no PIPD. Materiais e métodos: Os métodos de pesquisa utilizados foram teóricos (análise e síntese, abordagem de sistema) e empíricos (pesquisa, entrevista e critérios especializados, análise de documentos e observação de vídeo). Resultados: A afetação agravada do ensino pelos vários modelos metodológicos de atuação técnica é demonstrada. Conclusões: Conclui-se propondo que um guia metodológico deve conter a descrição técnica e sua metodologia de ensino, os erros mais comuns, elementos de preparação especial para a realização e recomendações.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The research work shown in this article offers a response to the lack of guiding documents for the direction of the teaching-learning process of the steps and runs as technical elements of connection in the competitive exercises of rhythmic gymnastics; which, in turn, constitutes support for the application of the Comprehensive Program for the Preparation of the Athlete (PIPD 2017-2020) and training support for the coaches in charge of preparing the gymnasts. Objective: This directed the objective of the research to the elaboration of a methodological guide in multimedia format that serves the trainers in the process of teaching these elements contained in the PIPD. Materials and methods: The theoretical level research methods used (analysis and synthesis, system approach) and the empirical level (survey, interview and specialist criteria, document analysis and video observation). Results: The aggravated affectation of teaching by the various acting methodological technical models is demonstrated. Conclusions: It is concluded by stating that a methodological guide must contain the technical description and its teaching methodology, the most common errors, elements of special preparation for achievement and recommendations.
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OBJECTIVE@#This test was designed to evaluate the effect of lower-limb dominance and non-dominance shuttle runs under load carriage during different exercise load at the same exercise intensity on the balance responses.@*METHODS@#Ten healthy young males were joined in this experiment, they were (20.80±2.04) years old and (173.99±2.87) cm tall. In a randomized cross-over design, they performed four times shuttle runs under unilateral load carriage:20 m×5 at dominant side, 20 m×5 at non-dominant side, 20 m×10 at dominant side, 20 m×10 at non-dominant side respectively. Balance abilities were evaluated immediately and 20 minute post-exercise respectively, and R-R interval was recorded.@*RESULTS@#The HR, EPOC and TRIMP for all exercise load were increased significantly after shuttle runs compared to rest (0.05), which showed symmetrical change. In addition, during 20 minute recovery, the balance ability for all exercise load was returned to the rest value (>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The shuttle runs could impair the trunk control ability immediately post-exercise, the magnitude of mediolateral movement was increased as the exercise load increased. The changes of balance responses were similar between the dominant and the non-dominant side, the dominant and the non-dominant side might show cross-effects.
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Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Extremidad Inferior , Movimiento , CarreraRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the effects of altered deceleration capacity of heart rate (DC) and heart rate deceleration runs(DRs) on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) .Methods 115 patients confirmed with AMI within 7 days as AMI group ,50 persons without MI were selected as control group .The deceleration capacity of heart rate and heart rate deceleration runs were detected by the 24 hours Holter within 7 to 14 after onset of AMI ,all the patients were divided in-to high risk group ,medium risk group and low risk group through the Holter results .Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by echocardiography .Compare the risk of the AMI group with the control group .Meanwhile the AMI patients were fol-lowed up for mean(9 .2 ± 1 .7)months .Observe the presence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) .All AMI patients were classified into MACE and non-MACE groups according to the presence of MACE .Analysis the risk factors of MACE .Results AMI group had a significant increase risk but decrease in deceleration capacity of heart rate (P<0 .05) as compared with the control group .In MACE group ,the rate of high risk was significant increasing(P=0 .005) ,but the rate of low risk was significant decrea-sing(P=0 .039) .The Logistic regression analysis showed that LVEF ,high risk group ,age and percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention(PCI) were independent risk factors on presence of MACE .Correlation r was 0 .33 ,0 .30 ,0 .23 ,0 .18 respectively ,and odds ratio was 4 .83 ,4 .28 ,2 .22 ,1 .58 respectively ,the correlation with deceleration capacity of heart rate was a little weaker than LVEF .The coefficient of determination r2 was 0 .528 when the LVEF and ages went into regression ,whereas that was 0 .635 when the LVEF ,high risk group and age went into regression together .Conclusion Capacity of heart rate decelerate was significantly weakened in AMI patients .LVEF ,the significantly decreased deceleration capacity of heart rate ,age and PCI were independent risk factors on presence of short-term MACE in AMI patients .The prognostic value of the DC and DRs was a little weaker than the LVEF .The better predictive value was obtained if the LVEF ,the significantly decreased deceleration capacity of heart rate ,age were combined .
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Large areas of land are disturbed in sensitive bio-diverse mountain environments by Ski runs. Restoration of vegetation on such disturbed mountain sites may be hampered by soil degradation but the severity and nature of the constraints is not well understood. This study was designed to compare the water holding and nutritional status of soil in three Ski runs which had different construction dates and disturbance levels, and the adjacent undisturbed site in the Abies bornmuelleriana forest community in the sub-alpine belt of Uludag Mountain (Bithynian Olympus). The values of soil parameters were depressed in proportion to the disturbance level. Water holding capacity (WHC), total nitrogen (N), organic carbon (C) and calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) contents (mg kg-1 dry weight) of soils in the Ski run which had the highest disturbance level were lower than that of the undisturbed adjacent sites. However, the results indicated that the soil parameters were less degraded when secondary vegetation was growing on the disturbed areas.