Correlação entre Cardiomegalia pela Radiografia de Tórax e Diâmetro do Ventrículo Esquerdo pela Ecocardiografia em Pacientes com Doença de Chagas / Correlation between Cardiomegaly on Chest X-Ray and Left Ventricular Diameter on Echocardiography in Patients with Chagas Disease

Resumo Fundamento Cardiomegalia pela radiografia de tórax (RXT) é preditor independente de morte em indivíduos com cardiomiopatia crônica da doença de Chagas (CCDC). Contudo, a correlação entre o aumento do índice cardiotorácico (ICT) na RXT e do diâmetro telediastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) pela ecocardiografia (ECO) nessa população não está bem definida. Objetivos Analisar a relação entre cardiomegalia pela RXT e DDVE pela ECO em pacientes com doença de Chagas (DC) e sua aplicabilidade ao escore de Rassi. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo incluiu 63 pacientes ambulatoriais com DC avaliados por RXT e ECO. Cardiomegalia na RXT foi definida como ICT > 0,5. DDVE foi avaliado como variável contínua. Curva ROC foi utilizada para avaliar o potencial do DDVE para identificação de cardiomegalia pela RXT, com ponto de corte definido pela maior somatória de sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados Idade mediana = 61 anos [intervalo interquartil: 48-68], 56% mulheres. CCDC foi identificada em 58 pacientes; 5 tinham a forma indeterminada da DC. Cardiomegalia foi detectada em 28 indivíduos. A área sob a curva ROC do DDVE para identificação de cardiomegalia foi de 0,806 (IC 95%: 0,692-0,919). O ponto de corte ótimo para DDVE foi de 60 mm (sensibilidade = 64%, especificidade = 89%). O uso do DDVE pela ECO em substituição ao ICT pela RXT alterou o escore de Rassi em 14 pacientes, e em 10 deles houve redução do risco presumido. Conclusão DDVE pela ECO é parâmetro adequado e com alta especificidade para distinguir entre presença e ausência de cardiomegalia na RXT na DC. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):68-74)

Abstract Background Cardiomegaly on chest X-ray is an independent predictor of death in individuals with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). However, the correlation between increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest X-ray and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) on echocardiography is not well established in this population. Objectives To assess the relationship between chest X-ray and LVEDD on echocardiography in patients with Chagas disease and its applicability to the Rassi score. Methods Retrospective study on 63 Chagas disease outpatients who underwent chest X-ray and echocardiography. Cardiomegaly on chest X-ray was defined as a CTR>0.5. LVEDD was analyzed as a continuous variable. ROC curve was used to evaluate the ability of LVEDD in detecting cardiomegaly by chest X-ray, with a cut-off point defined by the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. Results Median age 61 years [interquartile range 48-68], 56% were women. CCC was detected in 58 patients, five patients had the indeterminate form of Chagas disease. Cardiomegaly was detected in 28 patients. The area under the ROC curve for LVEDD was 0.806 (95%CI: 0.692-0.919). The optimal cut-off for LVEDD was 60 mm (sensitivity = 64%, specificity = 89%). The use of LVEDD on echocardiography as a surrogate for CTR on chest X-ray changed the Rassi score values of 14 patients, with a reduction in the presumed risk in 10 of them. Conclusion LVEDD on echocardiography is an appropriate, highly specific parameter to distinguish between the presence and absence of cardiomegaly on chest X-ray in Chagas disease. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):68-74)

Necesidad de radiografía de tórax después del abordaje venoso profundo en pacientes pediátricos cardiópatas / Need of thorax X-ray film after deep venous approach in children presenting with heart disease

Introducción: La radiografía de tórax puede ser potencialmente omitida en ciertos casos luego de la inserción de un catéter venoso central cuando los médicos aplican una técnica correcta, buen juicio clínico y discriminan bien los casos. Objetivo: Determinar si se puede prescindir de la radiografía de tórax después del abordaje venoso central. Método: Se incluyó en un estudio prospectivo, analítico, descriptivo y observacional 72 pacientes pediátricos programados para cirugía cardiaca electiva previo consentimiento informado y aprobación del Comité de Ética. Posterior a la inducción de la anestesia general se colocó un calzo interescapular de 3-5 cm. La cabeza se situó en posición central y extendida, Trendelemburg 15 grados. A nivel del cartílago cricoideo se localizó el pulso carotideo derecho y lateral a este se procedió a puncionar la vena yugular interna. El trocar se dirigió con un ángulo de 45º hacia la mama ipsilateral. Se introdujo el catéter mediante técnica de Seldinger clásica. Se confirmó la posición en la unión atriocava del catéter durante la apertura de la aurícula derecha. En la sala de terapia intensiva se realizó Rx tórax anteroposterior y se recogieron las complicaciones hasta su llegada a esta. Resultados: En todos los casos el catéter quedó colocado de forma correcta y sin complicaciones relacionadas con la posición. Conclusiones: No es necesario el uso rutinario de la radiografía de tórax de control después del abordaje venoso central según la técnica descrita en este trabajo.

Introduction: Thorax X-ray film may be potentially missed in some cases after insertion of a central venous catheter when physicians apply an appropriate technique, a good clinical criterion and a deep discrimination of cases. Objective: To determine if it possible to omit of thorax X-ray film after the central venous approach. Method: In a observational, descriptive, analytical and prospective study authors included 72 children candidates to elective cardiac surgery previous informed consent and the approval of the Ethics Committee. After anesthesia induction a 3-5 cm intercapsular wedge was placed. Head was placed in central and extended position, Trendelemburg 15º. At level of cricoid cartilage the right and carotid pulse was localized and lateral to it the puncture of internal jugular vein was made. Trocar was directed in a 45º angle towards the ipsilateral breast. The catheter was introduced by the classic Seldinger technique. The location in the atriocaval junction during the opening of right atrium was confirmed. In the intensive therapy service the anteroposterior thorax X-ray film was made signaling the complications until its arrival. Results: In all the cases the catheter remains placed in a proper way and without complications related to position. Conclusions: The systematic use of a control thorax X-ray film it is not necessary after the central venous approach according the technique described in present paper.