MYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DERMATOPHYTES

Aims: Dermatophytoses are commonest type of fungal infections seen in human beings, invading keratinised tissue skin, hair and nails by keratinophilic fungi. Dermatophytoses can be treated effectively by antifungals. Retrospective study A total of 200 patients which were Settings and Design: Methods and Material: referred from the department of dermatology to the department of microbiology were collected from July 2020 to June 2021. After cleaning with povidone iodine and 70% alcohol, the skin was scrapped, hair was plucked and nails were clipped. Skin, Hair and Nail were treated with 10%, 20% and 40% KOH respectively to identify septate hyphae and arthrospores. The specimen was cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) with and without cycloheximide. Microscopic description of the growth was done by Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by E strip method using Rosewell Park memorial institute (RPMI) media for Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole, Griseofulvin and Terbina?ne. Out of 200 samples, the commonest age group affected was between (21-30 yrs) 39.5%. Female to Results: male ratio was 2.5:1.6. Tinea corporis was 63% and tinea cruris 27%. The commonest species isolated was Trichophyton rubrum 47.5%. Antifungal susceptibility test – Most susceptible to Itraconazole 81.4% and resistant to Griseofulvin 67.9%. Conclusions: Dermatophytosis is prevalent in high temperature zones. Most common isolates were T. rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in tinea cruris and tinea corporis respectively, they were most susceptible to Itraconazole and resistant to Griseofulvin. Resistance pattern of antifungal drugs helps in deciding empirical therapy for patient's better outcome.

A Prospective Study on Mycology of Eye Infection in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: Objectives: Fungi are commonly found in the environment and most of them are either commensals or nonpathogenic. Eye infections are caused by bacteria, viruses and less commonly by fungi, therefore not given much attention by the practitioners and also by ophthalmolog ists. In the last one - decade incidence of fungal eye infections has increased due to increase in the number of patients with poor immunity. Common conditions which impair the immunity are prolonged use of steroids and antibacterial broad - spectrum antibioti cs, use of immunosuppressive drugs in cancer patients, in patients with organ transplant and some infections like AIDS. Candida, Fusarium and Aspergillus are the fungi frequently found to be associated with fungal eye infections. Trauma is the most signifi cant predisposing factor particularly when accompanied by contamination with vegetable matter. Methods: Samples such as corneal scrapings, Conjunctival swab, Vitreous & Aqueous aspirates were collected aseptically and sent to microbiology laboratory for KO H wet mount examination and fungal culture. KOH preparation was examined directly under microscope and culture were done on SDA, incubated at 25° c for three weeks. Results: Males were more commonly infected (66.5%) as compared to females (33.5%) The overall positivity in direct microscopy ( KOH preparation) was 32% while positivity in culture was 51%.The most frequently isolated fungus was Fusarium (16) followed by A. flavus ( 07), A. fumigatus (06), Candida sp.(06) and Curvalaria (03) Conclusion: If medical therapy fails to control the infection, surgery should be considered to save the eye visual function before the progression of disease.

Prevalence Of Tinea Capitis In A Tertiary Care Hospital,North India

Fungal infections are common in humans worldwide. Hot and humid weather conditions in the tropical countries like India make humans very susceptible to fungal infections. Tinea capitis (TC) is the superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair. The true incidence of Tinea capitis is unknown. although infection can occur at any age.Tinea capitis is one of the most common infectious conditions in children worldwide.Atotal of 100 subjects were enrolled in study who were attending Dermatology Out Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital.Hair sample was taken and culture was done on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar(SDA).Species identification was done by slide culture.T.tonsurans was most common isolate.

Prevalence and Etiological Agents of Onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is a common nail infection caused by dermatophytes, yeast or other non-dermatophyte molds and have been known to be associated with significant physical and psychological morbidity. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and the etiologic agents of onychomycosis in patients attending RIMS, Imphal, Manipur for a period of two years (January 2010 to December 2012). Nail samples of 347 clinically suspected cases of onycomycosis attending dermatology OPD RIMS, Manipur were collected and were subjected to potassium hydroxide (KOH) mounts for direct microscopy and fungal culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). The male female ratio of the participants was 1:1.81 (165 male and 302 female). Out of 467, 399 (85.44.%) were positive by culture and KOH mount. Young adults in the age group of 21-30 years were commonly affected. In female patients finger nail infection was more common than toe nail infection. Both toe and finger nails involvement were noticed in nine patients of which two were male and seven were female. The most frequently isolated fungus was dermatophytes, in 107 (40.38%) patients followed by Aspergillus spp in 101 (38.11%) and Candida spp in 17 (6.4%). This study demonstrated that dermatophytes, as well as moulds especially Aspergillus spp are commonly isolated from onychomycosis patients in our region.

Full mouth rehabilitation of an oligodontia patient with intellectual disability based on shortened dental arch concept: a case report / 대한치과보철학회지

Shortened dental arch (SDA) as a treatment goal is the concept that stable occlusion and enough masticatory force can be achieved by restoration to the second premolars when the situation is not favorable. SDA could be applied both natural teeth and implant supported fixed prostheses. This case dealt with a patient who has grade 2 intellectual disability and a lot of missing teeth. Because of intellectual disability, patient cooperation during treatment could not be expected. Therefore every treatment should be done under general anesthesia. In addition to that, ridge resorption around molar area was severe and there were maxillary sinus pneumatization and maxillary sinusitis which increased failure probability. SDA concept was adopted to reduce risk factor and minimize general anesthesia. After the treatment, functional and esthetic improvement was achieved and oral hygiene was fortified by periodic recall check and education.

A Case of Anti-Sda Proven by Urine Neutralization Test

Anti-Sda is of no clinical significance, because it rarely causes hemolytic transfusion reactions. Even when its presence is suspected during antibody screening test, further identification of the antibody is usually not performed. We experienced a case of anti-Sda in 73 yr-old male patient showing mixed field agglutination by microcolumn agglutination. Antibody specificity could not be identified by conventional antibody identification test, and it was proven to be anti-Sda by urine neutralization test. In spite of its little clinical significance, it may give incompatible crossmatching results reacting with Sda antigen, which occurs at a high frequency in general population. When incompatible crossmatch results arising from anti-Sda are suspected, the problem may be solved by using the urine-neutralized serum of in crossmatching test.